In Situ Rb-Sr Dates of Muscovite and Sulfur Isotope of Pyrite from the Yangshan Gold Deposit in Western Qinling,China

Located along the southern part of the West Qinling orogenic belt,the Yangshan gold deposit is one of the largest in China.The major gold ores of Yangshan are disseminated in metasedimentary host rocks with minor native gold amounts in stibnite-gold quartz veins.Pyrite and arsenopyrite are the major Au-bearing minerals.Hydrothermal muscovite from gold-bearing quartz veins was dated using the in situ Rb-Sr method to determine the formation age of the Yangshan gold deposit.The Rb-Sr isochron date of the muscovite yielded 210.1±5.6 Ma(MSWD=1.2).This date is near the lower end of the period of the mineralized granitic dykes(210.49-213.10 Ma).Two stages of gold enriching process are recognized in the gold-bearing pyrite:the first is incorporated with the Co,Cu,As,Ni enrichment;and the second is accompanied by Bi,Co,Ni,Pb,Cu,Sb concentration.The in-situ sulfur isotopic values of pyrites show a restrictedΔ34s range of-1.43‰to 2.86‰with a mean value of 0.43‰.Trace-element mapping and in-situ sulfur isotopic analysis of pyrite suggest that the sulfur deposits are likely derived from a magmatic source and likely assimilated by sulfur from the sedimentary bedrock.Thus,magmatism plays a critical role in the formation of the Yangshan gold deposit.

Isotope systematics and metallogenetic age of Zhuanghe gold deposit, Liaoning province, China

Based on the metallogenetic geology conditions, the H, O, C and S isotopic compositions were measured by MAT-251 mass spectrometer, and Pb isotope and Rb-Sr dating were carried with MAT-261 multi-acceptor mass spectrometer. The results show that the δ18O values of gold-bearing vein quartz from different levels are 1.19%-1.42%. The calculated δ18O values of ore fluids are 0.55%-0.78%, and δD values are from –8.64% to –6.66%. The calculated values of δ 34 SH2Sby the δ34Spy values in quartz veins display sulfur isotope compositions from -0.053% to +0.413%. Carbon isotope compositions of carbonates are from -0.612% to 0.140%. The mole ratios of 206Pb to 204Pb, 207Pb to 204Pb and 208Pb to 204Pb in auriferous quartz vein are 16.987-17.545, 15.342-15.623, and 38.254-38.744, respectively. The age of the Zhuanghe gold deposit determined by Rb-Sr isochron of the fluid inclusions in quartzes is (143.0±5.8) Ma. These isotopic data suggest that the metallogenetic fluids are generated from magmatic hydrotherm and the origin of ore-forming matters is related to the deep-derived magmatic activities. Meanwhile, the metallogenetic epoch of the Zhuanghe gold deposit is in Yanshanian period.

Li and B Isotope Systematics of Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphic Rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program

1 Introduction Recent improvements in the precision of Li and B isotope measurements have demonstrated the potential of these elements in tracing a wide range of geological processes. The Li and B isotope systematics of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks provides a unique opportunity to investigate the behaviour of Li and B during fluid-rock interaction at high temperatures and very high pressures and to constrain the fluid budget and the recycling of subducted crustal materials into the mantle during UHP metamorphism. ……

He-Ar Isotopic Systematics of Fluid Inclusions in Pyrites from PGEpolymetallic Deposits in Lower Cambrian Black Rock Series, South China

He-Ar isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions trapped in pyrites from some representative PGE-polymetallic deposits in Lower Cambrian black rock series in South China were analyzed by using an inert gas isotopic mass spectrometer. The results show that the ore-forming fluids possess a low 3He/4He ratio, varying from 0.43×10-8 to 26.39×10-8, with corresponding R/Ra value of 0.003-0.189. The 40Ar/36Ar ratios are 258-287, close to those of air saturated water (ASW). He-Ar isotopic indicator studies show that the ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from the formation water or basinal hot brine and sea water, while the content of mantle-derived fluid or deep-derived magmatic water might be negligible. The PGE-polymetallic mineralization might be related to the evolution of the Caledonian miogeosynclines distributed along the southern margin of the Yangtze Craton. During the Early Cambrian, the formation water or basinal hot brine trapped in Caledonian basins which accumulated giant thick sediments was expelled and migrated laterally along strata because of the pressure generated by overlying sediments. The basinal hot brine ascended along faults, mixed with sea water and finally deposited ore minerals.

Geochemistry of Ore Fluids and Rb-Sr Isotopic Dating for the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaoning, China

On the basis of detailed geological studies of the Wulong gold deposit, three metallogenic stages can be identified. With quartz fluid inclusions as an object of study, the authors investigated phase characteristics, compositional variations, temperature and pressure changes, fluid evolution, Pb isotope tracing and Rb-Sr isotopic dating of fluid inclusions entrapped in the above three metallogenic stages. The results show that Na+ is decreased obviously with metallogenic evolution, while K+ and other cations and gas compositions (H2, CO, CH4 and CO2) are increased slightly, and that the temperature and salinity vary in a pulsating manner along with the metallogenic evolution. Inverse calculation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that at the first metallogenic stage the fluids were magmatic water, at the second stage they were dominated by magmatic water with a minor amount of meteoric water involved, and at the third stage, i.e., the final stage of metallogenesis, the fluids were composed completely of meteoric water. Its Pb isotopic composition implicates that the ore lead has some affinities with the lead in the Sanguliu granite, but the linear array of the ore-lead isotopic data reflects a mixing source of two end members. It can be deduced that the ore-forming materials and magma were both derived mainly from the same magma source region at depths. The Rb-Sr isotopic ages of the fluid inclusions are 112.2±3.2 Ma, indicating that the Wulong gold deposit was formed during the Yanshanian period.

Impact of residual zircon on Nd-Hf isotope decoupling during sediment recycling in subduction zone

The subduction factories in convergent plate margins exert crucial control on recycling terrestrial components and returning to the overlying crust. The Nd and Hf isotopic systems provide potential tracers to evaluate these processes. Here we present a case where these isotopic systems are decoupled in a suite of granites from the Chinese Altai, showing a wide range of εHf(t) values(from -4.7 to +10.8) in contrast to a limited range of εNd(t) values(from -5.8 to -1.9). The zircon xenocrysts occurring frequently in these rocks show markedly negative εHf(t) values(from -34.3 to -6.5) and positive d7 Li values(from +12.5 to +18.2). We propose a model to explain the observed relationship between residual zircon and Nde Hf isotope decoupling. We suggest that the Altai granites originated from partial melting of subducted slab components under relatively low temperature conditions which aided the residual zircon from oceanic sediments to inherit and retain a significant amount of177 Hf in the source, thereby elevating the^(176) Hf/^(177) Hf ratio of the melt, and decoupling from the^(143) Nd/^(144) Nd ratio during the subsequent magmatic processes. Our study illustrates a case where sediment recycling in subduction zone contributes to decoupling of Nd and Hf isotopic systems, with former providing a more reliable estimate of the source characteristics of granitic magmas.

CHARACTERISTICS OF Nd AND Sr ISOTOPES AND TRACE ELEMENTS FOR LATE CRETAEOUS VOLCANIC ROCKS IN KING GEORGE ISLAND, ANTARCTICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOURCE OF THE VOLCANICS FROM DEPLETED MANTLE

Rb -Sr isotopic isochron dating of the volcanic rock samples from the Upper Cretaceous Half Three Point Formation on the King George Island is 71. 33±0. 3 Ma. Correlative study of εND(T)-147Sm/144Nd, 143Nd/144Nd-87Sr/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr-Sr and 87Sr/86Sr-K2O/(K2O+Na2O) indicated that the volcanic rocks were chiefly derived from the depleted mantle source and generally were not mixed crust materials. Of the samples 6 were given the mean Sm -Nd model age (TDM) of 443. 3±20. 6 Ma possibly indicating the age of chemical variation event in the magma source of the study area. Features of the trace elements indicated that the rocks from the Half Three Point Formation are of typical calc-alkaline volcanic suite and similar to those from the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Fildes Peninsula, being the same products of the island-arc volcanic activity.

变质岩同位素年代学:Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd体系

对变质岩经历的进变质和退变质作用定年并构建其p-T-t轨迹是观测地壳运动过程的重要途径。全岩等时线和矿物等时线是变质岩Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd定年的两个基本方法。在变质过程中同位素均一化尺度是影响全岩等时线定年的主要因素。在一般情况下,变质过程中Rb-Sr同位素体系的均一化尺度远大于Sm-Nd体系,从而Rb-Sr全岩等时线可以给出有意义的变质年龄,而Sm-Nd数据不能。然而,对于低级变质作用,因其较高级变质作用有更丰富的流体,其Nd同位素均一化尺度可能变,从而使得一些全岩Sm-Nd等时线给出和Rb-Sr年龄一致的有意义变质年龄。对于矿物等时线定年,在变质作用时矿物之间能否达到同位素平衡则是关键。已经证明,超高压变质(UHPM)岩的退变质作用是开放体系,然而UHPM矿物的Sr-Nd同位素体系仍保持封闭。已观测到UHPM矿物和退变质矿物之间的Sr-Nd同位素不平衡,因此,高压矿物(如石榴石、多硅白云母)和退变质矿物或全岩的连线将会给出没有意义的偏老的Sm-Nd年龄和偏年轻的Rb-Sr年龄。由3个以上很好分开的矿物确定的等时线的良好线性、不同定年方法获得的年龄的一致性以及确定等时线矿物之间的氧同位素平衡可用于判定矿物间Nd同位素达到平衡。由于石榴石具有高Sm/Nd和Lu/Hf比,因此石榴石是榴辉岩或石榴辉石岩Sm-Nd或Lu-Hf定年最重要的矿物。然而由于石榴石非常宽的p-T稳定范围,石榴石可以在高级变质岩的前进变质和退变质作用中生长,从而具有复杂的环带结构。因此,如何从具有复杂结构的石榴石不同部位取样和分析并判断其成因就成为榴辉岩或石榴辉石岩Sm-Nd或LuHf矿物等时线定年的一个挑战。这需要今后做更进一步的研究。

湘桂地区泥盆纪硅岩Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd同位素地球化学特征及构造沉积背景研究

泥盆纪时,由于扭张裂谷作用,华南地区形成复杂的台盆相间格局。层状硅岩广泛分布,一般与凝灰岩互层,产出于狭长的台间盆地(或沟槽)中。为了揭示湘桂地区硅岩形成机制、分布及与断裂活动的关系,进行了系统的RbSr、Sm-Nd同位素研究。研究结果表明研究区硅岩(87Sr/86Sr)0值一般在0.721 000~0.731 000之间,表明硅岩形成时受到陆源和海水的影响。硅岩Nd同位素模式年龄(tDM或t2DM)和εNd(0)值大多分布区间分别为1.5~2.1与-16^-21,表明硅质来源于深部元古代地壳。εNd(0)值(-0.22~14.7)高的一些地区,大多沿狭长海槽分布,表明硅质可能来源于深部地幔,通过延伸到地幔的地块边缘断裂带上升到地表。

Early Neoproterozoic Granite-Gneisses of the Junggar Alataw(Southeastern Kazakhstan):Age,Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

The combined petrographic,petrological,geochemical and geochronological study of the Neoproterozoic gneisses of the Sarychabyn and Baskan complexes of the Junggar Alataw of South Kazakhstan elucidate the Precambrian tectonic evolution of the Aktau–Yili terrane.It is one of the largest Precambrian crustal blocks in the western Central Asian orogenic belt.The U-Pb single-grain zircon ages indicate that granite-gneisses formed from the same source and crystallised in the early Neoproterozoic ca.930–920 Ma.The chemical composition of gneisses corresponds to A2-type granites.The whole-rock Nd isotopic characteristics(εNd(t)=−4.9 to−1.0 and TNd(DM-2st)=1.9 to 1.7 Ga)indicate the involvement of Paleoproterozoic crustal rocks in magma generation.Early Neoproterozoic ca.930–920 Ma A-type granitoids in the Aktau–Yili terrane of South and Central Kazakhstan might reflect within-plate magmatism adjacent to the collisional belt or a local extension setting in back-arc areas of the continental arc.

Factors Controlling Deposition of Metallic Minerals in the Meng’entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions, Isotope Systematics, and Thermodynamic Model

The Meng’entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn vein-type deposit in Inner Mongolia,NE China is hosted in biotite/muscovite granite.This deposit includes the western(Zn-rich,deepest),middle(Zn-Pb rich)and eastern(Pb-Ag-rich,shallowest)ore-blocks.To better understand the metallogenic processes in ore district,we have undertaken a series of studies including fluid inclusion microthermometry,H-O-S-Pb isotope compositions and thermodynamic modeling.Based on fluid inclusion petrography,microthermometry results and HO isotope compositions,the ore-forming H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions are characterized by medium temperature and medium salinity.And two kinds of fluid processes(boiling in western and middle ore-block and fluid mixing in the eastern ore-block)were identified to explain the ore fluid evolution.More importantly,log ?O2-pH diagrams of δ^34S contours with the stability fields of Fe-and Cu-,Zn-,Pb-,and Ag-bearing minerals were constructed to restore the physicochemical conditions of ore-forming fluid in the western(270℃ and 80 bars),middle(250℃ and 70 bars),and eastern(230℃ and 50 bars)ore-blocks.As a result,the ore-forming conditions in the western and middle ore-block were similar.In the eastern ore-block,the fluids may have changed from acidic,S-poor and δ^34S(ΣS)≈2.8 to neutral,S-richer and δ^34S(ΣS)≈0.5,which imply that neutral S-rich meteoric water was mixed with the magmatic fluid.Meanwhile,the activity of Ag+was estimated to be about 10 ppm–9 ppm in the middle ore-block,but in the eastern ore-block it was about^10 ppm–12 ppm.We proposed that the key for Ag ore deposition was likely to be neutralization led by fluid mixing.

EVIDENCE OF ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS FROM CRUST AND MANTLE FOR CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITIES OF TERRANES

The extensive tracing of Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes has revealed that there exist high-degree heterogeneities in suboceanic mantle and mantle anomalies of the Southern Hemisphere on a large scale (DUPAL, high 87Sr/86Sr, and HIMU, high μ value, i. e. 238 U/204pb). Recently, the isotopic tracing of the Cenozoic Volcanics from the continent of China has confirmed that there exists a general tendency that the subcontinental mantle of eastern China was en-

Sphalerite Rb-Sr Dating and in situ Sulfur Isotope Analysis of the Daliangzi Lead-Zinc Deposit in Sichuan Province, SW China

This study reports the sphalerite Rb-Sr age and LA-MC-ICP-MS in situ sulfur isotope analysis results of the Daliangzi Lead-Zinc Deposit in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou （SYG） triangle. Sphalerite Rb-Sr dating yields a Mississippian age of 345.2±3.6 Ma （MSWD=I.4）, which is older than the published Late Triassic mineralization ages （230-200 Ma） of some other deposits. This indicates that at least two stages of lead-zinc mineralization have occurred in the SYG lead-zinc triangle. The first stage occurred in the Mississippian under an extensional environment, while the second stage occurred in the Late Triassic under a compressional environment. In situ sulfur isotope analysis of sphalerite growth zoning presents relatively large δ^34S values of 11.3‰-15.2‰ with small variations. The large δ^34S values indicate a reduced sulfur source of thermochemical reduction of seawater sulfates. Abundant organic matter in the black fracture zone possibly supplied reductants for thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） at the mineralization site. The small variation of δ^34S values suggests a slow and stable TSR process that could prevent the sudden supersaturation of sphalerite in the fluid and the resulting of fast participation. This is consistent with the well-crystallized characteristic of the sphalerite of the Daliangzi Deposit.

Rb-Sr isotope dating of silicalite from the Dajiangping massive sulfide ore deposit,Guangdong Province

THE Dajiangping pyrite ore deposit located in the Yunfu County of Guangdong Province is asuper-large pyrite ore deposit. Its age has not been defined so far because of the absence of fos-sil. This note is to use Rb-Sr isotope dating of silicalite to constrain the age of the ore depositand place special emphasis on its geological significance.

GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF Rb-Sr AND Pb ISOTOPES FOR CONSTRAINT ON SOURCE ROCKS OF GRANITOIDS——EXEMPLIFIED BY GUPOSHAN GRANITE COMPLEX

Geologists are paying more attention to studies on genesis of granitoids and their metallogenetic characteristics through tracing their source materials and geological evolution by means of strontium, neodymium and lead isotopes. However, using Sm-Nd isotopes to study source rocks of young granites, especially of the Mesozoic granites is not as effective as using Rb-Sr isotopes. In order to explain geological significance of isotopic studies, this note only makes use of Rb-Sr and Pb isotopes to investigate the source rocks of Guposhan granite complex which is a very important granite pluton of the Mesozoic era in South China.

甘肃阳山金矿碳氢氧同位素与成矿流体来源

甘肃文县阳山金矿的探明黄金储量已达308t,平均品位4.74g/t,是我国地质勘查储量最大的金矿床。该矿床产于西秦岭造山带,是一个同碰撞形成的类卡林型金矿床,矿体受EW向韧脆性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为泥盆系碳质千枚岩-板岩-碳酸盐-硅质岩和侵入其中的花岗斑岩脉。热液石英的流体包裹体之δ^(13)C_(CO_2)(PDB)值为-2.5‰～-5.6‰,δ^(87)C_(CH_4(PDB))值为-23.1‰～-32.6‰,说明成矿流体来源于碳酸盐地层或相似岩石建造的变质或/和改造脱水作用。该结论尚被流体氢氧同位素研究结果所证明,成矿早阶段和主阶段流体的δ^(18)O_W值介于9.5‰～15.3‰,δD_W值为-86‰～-73‰。两件矿化晚阶段流体的δ^(18)O_W氧分别为2.7‰和6.8‰,表明有强烈的大气降水热液混入。总体而言,成矿流体系统从早到晚、从深到浅,由变质热液演变为大气降水热液。特别补充说明,上述研究结果和认识与我们根据流体包裹体和矿床地质研究得出的结论相吻合。

塔里木盆地北部沥青、干酪根Pb-Sr-Nd同位素体系及成因演化

Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素体系研究表明沥青与寒武纪、奥陶纪地层中的干酪根具有明显的同位素组成差异，表明来自异源。沥青Ｐｂ同位素组成具有明显的幔源与壳幔混合特征，而干酪根显示出壳源特征。沥青与干酪根的Ｎｄ同位素组成也存在着明显的差别，反映出老地壳源与新地壳源的明显差别。来自柯坪隆起大湾沟沥青的Ｎｄ－Ｓｒ同位素体系给出了晚元古的相关等时线，年龄分别为８７２Ｍａ与１１９５Ｍａ，可能代表了沥青的最早形成年龄。但来自塔北隆起的沥青其Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ体系显示出介于大湾沟沥青与干酪根之间的混合相关，表明具有壳源与幔源的二元混合成因。Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ和Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ等时线趋向和Ｐｂ模式年龄还给出加里东期（～４４０Ｍａ）和印支期（～２５０Ｍａ）的原油运移与沥青沉淀年龄信息。Ｎｄ模式年龄还表明柯坪－阿克苏地区存在太古宙基底（３．２－２．５Ｇａ）。塔里木油藏受深断裂控制。

Pb、Sr、Nd同位素体系在石油定年与成因示踪研究中的应用

通过对新疆乌尔禾、塔里木盆地印干村等地和贵州西部地区的沥青与干酪根的Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素分析工作，对固体同位素在石油与沥青的形成时代及成因方面的研究进行了讨论。根据Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ等时线，塔里木干酪根岩的形成时代为（６３０±１５０）Ｍａ和（４５７±１３０）Ｍａ；根据Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线，乌尔禾沥青形成于（２８６±１２）Ｍａ，印干村沥青形成于（８５２±２１０）Ｍａ。在成因研究方面，干酪根岩代表了表壳岩的同位素体系特征，而沥青的同位素体系特征表明其与深部来源有关：乌尔禾沥青的来源与再循环地幔源有关，而塔里木的沥青则来源于下地壳。

热液矿床中含钙矿物的Sm-Nd同位素定年

Sm、Nd的离子半径相似、化学性质很相近,母体衰变形成的子体易在矿物晶格中保存下来,故矿物或岩石中的Sm-Nd同位素体系易保持封闭,具有较强的抗风化、抗蚀变能力,是一种有效的定年工具。但长期以来,Sm-Nd同位素体系主要用于前寒武纪地质年代学研究,研究对象主要限于陨石、月球岩石、古老的基性、超基性岩和前寒武纪老地层等。近年的研究表明,热液矿床中一些含钙矿物,其REE含量较高,Sm/Nd分馏明显,是很有潜力的Sm-Nd同位素定年对象,能对矿床的成矿时间进行精确制约。本文对萤石、白钨矿、方解石、电气石等常见热液含钙矿物的Sm-Nd同位素研究现状进行归纳总结,并对该方法在中国热液矿床中进一步的应用前景进行了展望,以期促进Sm-Nd同位素成矿年代学在我国的推广和应用。

华南下寒武统黑色岩系铂多金属矿中黄铁矿流体包裹体的He-Ar同位素体系

利用惰性气体同位素质谱仪测定了华南下寒武统具代表性的黑色岩系铂多金属矿中黄铁矿流体包裹体的He-Ar同位素组成,发现其~3He/~4He均较低,为0.43×10^(-8)～26.39×10^(-8),R/R_α为0.003～0.189,而^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar为258～287,接近大气饱和水。同位素地球化学示踪研究显示,该矿成矿流体主要由建造水(盆地热卤水)和大气饱和水(海水)组成,基本不含地幔流体或深源岩浆水。黑色岩系铂多金属矿的成矿可能与华南克拉通南缘加里东冒地槽的演化有关。在早寒武世,接受了巨厚沉积的加里东盆地中的建造水由于上覆沉积物的压力,顺层侧向迁移,并沿断裂上升与海水混合而成矿。