Cortico-striatal gamma oscillations are modulated by dopamine D3 receptors in dyskinetic rats

Long-term levodopa administration can lead to the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Gamma oscillations are a widely recognized hallmark of abnormal neural electrical activity in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Currently,studies have reported increased oscillation power in cases of levodopa-induced dyskinesia.However,little is known about how the other electrophysiological parameters of gamma oscillations are altered in levodopa-induced dyskinesia.Furthermore,the role of the dopamine D3 receptor,which is implicated in levodopa-induced dyskinesia,in movement disorder-related changes in neural oscillations is unclear.We found that the cortico-striatal functional connectivity of beta oscillations was enhanced in a model of Parkinson’s disease.Furthermore,levodopa application enhanced cortical gamma oscillations in cortico-striatal projections and cortical gamma aperiodic components,as well as bidirectional primary motor cortex(M1)↔dorsolateral striatum gamma flow.Administration of PD128907(a selective dopamine D3 receptor agonist)induced dyskinesia and excessive gamma oscillations with a bidirectional M1↔dorsolateral striatum flow.However,administration of PG01037(a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist)attenuated dyskinesia,suppressed gamma oscillations and cortical gamma aperiodic components,and decreased gamma causality in the M1→dorsolateral striatum direction.These findings suggest that the dopamine D3 receptor plays a role in dyskinesia-related oscillatory activity,and that it has potential as a therapeutic target for levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

M_(4) muscarinic receptors regulates dopamine/DARPP-32 signaling and glutamate transmis⁃sion to balance dopaminergic D1 function in mouse dorsal striatum

OBJECTIVE Abnormal striatal dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmis⁃sion is central to the pathophysiology of schizo⁃phrenia.In this study,we investigated the roles of M4 receptor interplay with D1 signaling in stria⁃tal neurotransmission that affect glutamatergic transmission to control the etiology of neuropsy⁃chiatric disorders.METHODS To study dorsal striatum(DS)region-specific neuronal and behav⁃ioral responses modulated by M4 receptors,we used clustered regularly interspaced short palin⁃dromic repeats-associated protein 9 technology to generate mice lacking M4 in the dorsal stria⁃tum(DS-M4-KD).The M4 positive allosteric modu⁃lator,VU0467154,were used to study the phar⁃macologically profiles with M4 receptor stimula⁃tion in WT mice.Oxotremorine M(Oxo-M),a no subtype-selective muscarinic agonist,was used to show that mAchRs activation,in order to dissect the particular function of M4,in DS-M4-KD mice.Open filed test and forced swim test were used to assess the change of psychiatric-like behav⁃iors.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect protein levels of phosphory⁃lation site of dopamine-and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 ku(DARPP-32).Whole-cell patch-clamp recording was used to assess M4-mediated cholinergic inhibition of glutamater⁃gic synaptic input transmission.RESULTS West⁃ern blotting and immunohistochemistry assay showed VU0467154(5 mg·kg-1,ip)promoted phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr75,and atten⁃uated D1-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr34 within the mouse DS.Consistently,the Oxo-M(4μg,icv)also increased DARPP-32 phosphorylation at site Thr75 to reversed phos⁃phorylation at site Thr34 in WT mice,but not in DS-M4-KD mice.In parallel with altered DARPP-32 responses,VU0467154 or Oxo-M evoked a psychological stress response and reversed D1-induced hyperlocomotion in mice in open field test and force swim tests.However,Oxo-M sup⁃pression of D1-depengdeng behavioral respons⁃es was impaired in DS-M4-KD mice.Whole-cell patch recording showed that VU0467154 or Oxo-M mediated endogenous cholinergic inhibition of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents through M4 receptors,which in turn suppressed D1-depen⁃dent glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the DS.CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the role of M4 receptors in regulation of dopa⁃mine/DARPP-32 signaling and glutamate respons⁃es in the DS,and therefore modulation of psychi⁃atric behaviors associated with D1 signaling.This results indicate the mechanisms of treatments targeting M4 in psychiatric disorders.

Effects of Ovariectomy and 17<i>β</i>-Estradiol Replacement on Dopamine D2 Receptors in Female Rats: Consequences on Sucrose, Alcohol, Water Intakes and Body Weight

Background: Mechanisms underlying overeating-induced obesity in post-menopausal woman include functional lack of 17β-estradiol dysregulating dopamine D2 receptors, thereby inducing food addiction, glucose craving or alcohol dependence through reward circuitry. This study aimed at further understanding 17β-estradiol and dopamine D2 receptors interferences in the etiology of woman obesity. Method: Seventy-two Wistar female rats weighing 200 - 205 g, individually-housed, were divided into non-ovariectomized control (C = 6 groups) and ovariectomized rats (OVX = 6 groups) which were concurrently subjected to the following treatments: Non-drug-treated (DMSO vehicle), 17β-estradiol (E2, 5 μg/kg, s.c.), sulpiride (SUL, 20 mg/kg, i.p.), bromocriptine (BR, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), E2 + SUL or E2 + BR, designating the 6 constitutive groups of either control or ovariectomy. Within each experimental group, consumption of different solutions (10% alcohol, 10% sucrose and water) as well as food intake and body weight were daily measured, for 10 consecutive days. Results: This study indicated that D2S was a specific inducer of alcohol and food intakes, but reduced sugar consumption. In addition, 17β- estradiol regulated the body weight set point, modulating D2S functions towards increased food intake at lower weights and decreased food intake at higher weights. D2S met the slow genomic actions induced by 17β-estradiol. Conversely, D2L inhibited alcohol and food intakes, but induced specifically sugar consumption, thereby regulating blood glucose levels and promoting energy expenditure in reducing body weight. Indeed, 17β-estradiol exerted a tonic inhibition on D2L which was released by OVX, exacerbating sugar intake and increasing body weight. D2L mediated the rapid metabolic effects of 17β-estradiol. Conclusion: Our results supported physiological data reporting that activation of the mostly expressed presynaptically D2S-class autoreceptors decreased dopamine release stimulating food intake, whereas activation of the predominantly postsynaptic isoform D2L receptors increased dopamine activity inhibiting food intake. Our studies indicated that 17β-estradiol acted on the two types of D2 receptors showing opposite functions to equilibrate energy intake vs. expenditure for weight set point regulation. Our data also supported biochemical findings reporting that 17β-estradiol induced D2 genes transcriptional regulation, thereby involving both types of D2 receptors in the etiology of obesity. The combined dysregulated effects of D2L and D2S receptors, as 17β-estradiol was lacking, would be causal factors underlying the etiology of obesity.

甲状腺乳头状癌患者组织中表皮生长因子受体、维生素D受体、溴结构域蛋白4表达水平及其临床意义

目的:探究甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、维生素D受体(VDR)、溴结构域蛋白4(BRD4)的表达水平和其临床意义。方法:选取2022年2月—2024年3月广州医科大学附属妇女儿童医疗中心增城院区收治的PTC患者54例作为研究对象,取患者的癌组织及癌旁正常组织,采用免疫组织化学技术检测组织中EGFR、VDR和BRD4蛋白表达水平,并分析EGFR、VDR、BRD4阳性表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果:PTC患者癌组织中EGFR、VDR及BRD4蛋白表达阳性率均高于癌旁正常组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不同临床病理特征的EGFR阳性表达情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);瘤体>1 cm、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者VDR阳性率高于瘤体≤1 cm、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);瘤体>1 cm、有淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期者BRD4阳性率高于瘤体≤1 cm、无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EGFR蛋白表达与VDR、BRD4蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.462、0.513,P<0.001);VDR蛋白与BRD4蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.407,P<0.001)。结论:EGFR、VDR和BRD4在PTC患者组织中呈显著高表达,与PTC的形成及临床病理特征有一定相关性,可作为治疗PTC的监测指标。

Relationship between electroacupuncture analgesia and dopamine receptors in nucleus accumbens

目的：研究多巴胺受体拮抗剂左旋四氢巴马汀（ｌＴＨＰ）加强电针镇痛（ＥＡＡ）的原理，阐明中枢神经系统内多巴胺（ＤＡ）系统在ＥＡＡ中的作用．方法：分别将Ｄ１受体激动剂ＳＫ＆Ｆ３８３９３和Ｄ２受体激动剂ｑｕｉｎｐｉｒｏｌｅｈｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ（Ｑｕｉ）注射入大鼠伏膈核，观察对ＥＡＡ及ｌＴＨＰ加强ＥＡＡ的作用．结果：ＳＫ＆Ｆ３８３９３（５μｇ，１０μｇ）明显对抗了ｌＴＨＰ加强ＥＡＡ的作用，１０μｇＳＫ＆Ｆ３８３９３则减弱ＥＡＡ；Ｑｕｉ（１０μｇ，２０μｇ），对ＥＡＡ及ｌＴＨＰ加强ＥＡＡ的作用没有显著影响．结论：伏膈核内Ｄ１受体活动在ＥＡＡ及ｌＴＨＰ加强ＥＡＡ中起重要作用，Ｄ２受体没有显著作用．

桔梗皂苷D对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的改善作用及对TLR4/NOD信号通路蛋白表达的影响

【目的】探讨桔梗皂苷D对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的治疗作用及机制。【方法】将50只大鼠随机分为5组,包括正常组,模型组,桔梗皂苷D低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除正常组大鼠给予蒸馏水饮用外,其他组大鼠通过在饮用水中施加5%硫酸葡萄糖钠(DSS)连续7 d诱导构建溃疡性结肠炎模型。实验第2~8周,桔梗皂苷D低、中、高剂量组大鼠分别灌胃10、25、50 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)桔梗皂苷D混悬液,正常组和模型组大鼠灌胃等体积蒸馏水。给药期间,观察大鼠一般情况。给药结束后,采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法观察结肠组织病理形态并进行组织学评分,Western Blot法检测结肠组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域(NOD)通路相关蛋白TLR4、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)和NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)表达水平。【结果】(1)与正常组比较,模型组大鼠体质量、生存率、结肠长度和结肠质量均显著降低,疾病活动指数(DAI)评分显著升高(均P<0.01);与模型组比较,桔梗皂苷D低、中、高剂量组大鼠体质量、生存率、结肠长度和结肠质量均显著升高,DAI评分显著降低,其中,桔梗皂苷D中剂量组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(2)与正常组比较,模型组结肠组织病理学评分升高(P<0.001);与模型组比较,桔梗皂苷D低、中、高剂量组结肠组织病理学评分均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。(3)与正常组比较,模型组中TLR4、MyD88和NLRP3的蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,桔梗皂苷D中剂量组的TLR4、MyD88和NLRP3蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】桔梗皂苷D可改善大鼠溃疡性结肠炎,其机制与通过TLR4/NOD信号通路缓解肠道炎症有关。

Effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization in high myopia mice

AIM:To evaluate effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in high myopia mice.METHODS:The C57BL/6J mice were deprived of the right eye for 4wk,and the high myopia was diagnosed by optometry,the diopter was less than-6.00 D,and CNV was induced by 532 nm laser.The changes of dopamine D1 receptor(DRD1),dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)were detected by Western blot technology at 0.5,1,2h,and 7d after 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.1%atropine eye drops,respectively,the area of CNV was measured.RESULTS:Significant increases were observed on the expression of DRD2 in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).Significant decreases were observed on the expression of DRD1 and VEGFA in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).The area of CNV induced by laser in the drug-treated group was significantly smaller than that in the control group,and the higher the concentration,the more significant the inhibitory effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The 0.01%,0.05%,0.1%atropine eye drops can decrease the level of VEGFA and inhibit high myopia CNV indirectly by up-regulating the level of DRD2 and down-regulating the level of DRD1,and the effect of 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops is more significant.

The dopamine receptor D4 regulates the proliferation of pulmonary arteries smooth muscle in broilers by downregulating AT1R

The major cause of pulmonary vascular remodeling in broilers is abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),and one of the main causes of pulmonary hypertension syndrome(PHS)in broilers is pulmonary artery vascular remodeling.Forty Arbor Acres(AA)broilers were randomly divided into four groups(n=10):a control group(deionized water,Og/L NaCl),a freshwater group(FW,deionized water+1 g/L NaCl),highly salinized freshwater group 1(H-SFW-1,deionized water+2.5 g/L NaCl)and highly salinized freshwater group 2(H-SFW-2,deionized water+5 g/L NaCl).The results of in vivo experiments showed that vascular smooth muscle of the broilers could be significantly proliferated by intake of high-salinity fresh water(H-SFW-1&H-SFW-2),which significantly increased the content of angiotensin II(Ang II)and the expression of angiotensin II type 1(AT1)receptor protein.Meanwhile,it significantly decreased the expression of dopamine receptor D4(DRD4)protein.The results of in vitro experiments showed that exogenous Ang II induced the proliferation of primary VSMCs in broilers,which could be significantly inhibited by DRD4 agonists(D4A,HY-101384A)and enhanced by DRD4 inhibitors(D4I;HY-B0965).In addition,the results of immunoblotting and fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that AT1 receptors could be negatively regulated by DRD4 in VSMCs of broilers,either at the transcriptional or translational level.At the same time,the expression of AT1 receptor could be increased by DRD4 inhibition by D4I and decreased by DRD4 activation by D4A.The negative regulatory effect of DRD4 on AT1 receptor occurred in a dose-dependent manner.These results indicate that long-term intake of highly salinized fresh water can cause PHS in broilers,accompanied by varying degrees of proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle.This mechanism may involve response of its receptor being induced by increased Ang II,while DRD4 can negatively regulate it.

Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptors Alleviates Neuronal Hyperexcitability in the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex via Inhibition of HCN Current in a Rat Model of Chronic Inflammatory Pain

Functional changes in synaptic transmission from the lateral entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyrus(LEC-DG)are considered responsible for the chronification of pain.However,the underlying alterations in fan cells,which are the predominant neurons in the LEC that project to the DG,remain elusive.Here,we investigated possible mechanisms using a rat model of complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)-induced inflammatory pain.We found a substantial increase in hyperpolarization-activated/cyclic nucleotide-gated currents(Ih),which led to the hyperexcitability of LEC fan cells of CFA slices.This phenomenon was attenuated in CFA slices by activating dopamine D2,but not D1,receptors.Chemogenetic activation of the ventral tegmental area-LEC projection had a D2 receptor-dependent analgesic effect.Intra-LEC microinjection of a D2 receptor agonist also suppressed CFA-induced behavioral hypersensitivity,and this effect was attenuated by pre-activation of the Ih.Our findings suggest that down-regulating the excitability of LEC fan cells through activation of the dopamine D2 receptor may be a strategy for treating chronic inflammatory pain.

-94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gene is associated with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population from Shandong province

The correlation between -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone and schizophrenia remains poorly understood despite extensive research. This study sought to evaluate the genotypes and allele frequencies of the -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone by real-time PCR using TaqMan fluorescent probes. One hundred and sixty-two patients with schizophrenia and 101 healthy controls living in Shandong province of China were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the G/A genotype distribution was significantly higher in the schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. The frequencies of G allele and A allele were not significantly different between the schizophrenia patients and the controls. Thus, the -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone was found to be associated with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population from Shandong province.

Dopamine receptor D3R and D4R mRNA levels in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with schizophrenia correlate with severity of illness

Schizophrenia is a disease that affects many areas of the brain. The dopamine hypothesis is one of the most widely-accepted ideas in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Besides alterations in the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, there have been several reports of changes in dopaminergic systems in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients. Several reports have shown that dopamine receptor expression by lymphocytes is altered in patients with schizophrenia, but the results have been conflicting. We therefore re-assessed D3R and D4R mRNA levels in 11 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy subjects and correlated levels with severity of symptoms. D3R and D4R expression in lymphocytes and granulocytes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the severity of symptoms and cognitive impairment were assessed using the PANSS and BACS-J. There were no significant differences in mean D3R or D4R mRNA levels in lymphocytes from schizophrenic patients and controls and no significant difference in mean D4R mRNA levels in granulocytes (D3R mRNA undetectable). In patients with schizophrenia, D3R expression was inversely correlated with the total PANSS score (r = 0.768, p = 0.009), while D4R expression was positively correlated with working memory scales (r = 0.895, p = 0.001). In conclusion, these results imply that lymphocyte D3R and D4R are involved in the mechanisms of the disorder and could be used as target markers in the treatment of schizophrenia.

New therapeutic strategies targeting D1-type dopamine receptors for neuropsychiatric disease

The neurotransmitter dopamine acts via two major classes of receptors, Dl-type and D2-type. D1 receptors are highly expressed in the striatum and can also be found in the cerebral cortex. Here we review the role of D1 dopamine signaling in two major domains： L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson＇s disease and cognition in neuropsychiatric disorders. While there are many drugs targeting D2-type receptors, there are no drugs that specifically target D1 receptors. It has been difficult to use selective Dl-receptor agonists for clinical applications due to issues with bioavailability, binding affinity, pharmacological kinetics, and side effects. We propose potential therapies that selectively modulate D1 dopamine signaling by targeting second messengers downstream of D1 receptors, aUosteric modulators, or by making targeted modifications to Dl-receptor machinery. The development of therapies specific to Dl-receptor signaling could be a new frontier in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with gazing toward humans in domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>)

Dogs show high social communicative ability in interactions with humans. We investigated the association between dogs’ social communicative behavior and the polymorphisms of a gene related to a neurotransmitter. We used an “unsolvable task”, in which an experimenter put a food reward into a container and closed it firmly so that dogs could not remove the reward. Human-directed gazing, possibly to request help, is a characteristic behavioral trait of dogs in such situations. The association between owner-directed gazing behavior in the unsolvable task and polymorphisms of three regions (exon1, exon3, intron2) in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) was analyzed. We found that the genotype of DRD4 intron2 was significantly associated with the dogs’ gazing behavior. Dogs carrying shorter allele (P) looked at their owner more frequently, for longer, and earlier than dogs carrying longer allele (Q). This result suggests that polymorphism in DRD4 intron2 may affect social communication and cognition in dogs.

维生素A、维生素D联合抗生素序贯疗法治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的效果

目的分析维生素A、维生素D联合抗生素序贯疗法治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的效果及对心肌酶谱、单核细胞Toll样受体4(toll like receptor 4,TLR4)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)信号通路分子表达的影响。方法选取收治的116例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿,随机分成对照组和观察组,各58例。对照组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合维生素A、维生素D治疗,均连续治疗2个疗程。比较2组的临床疗效及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。检测治疗前后血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)水平。检测外周血Th1、Th2细胞计数及血清中TLR4、NF-κB水平。结果治疗后,观察组的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组LDH、CK-MB、CK、AST、TLR4和NF-κB水平低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组LDH、CK-MB、CK、AST、TLR4和NF-κB水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组Th1细胞比例均下降(P<0.05),但2组比较差异无统计学意义。2组Th2细胞比例均显著降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);2组Th1/Th2值明显升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论维生素A、维生素D联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿疗效明确,可降低心肌酶、TLR4、NF-κB水平,纠正Th1/Th2细胞免疫平衡,改善机体免疫状况。

多巴胺D_4受体基因与注意缺陷多动障碍及其相关症状的关联分析

目的 探讨多巴胺D4受体 (dopamineD4receptor,DRD4 )基因 48bp可变重复序列 (variantnumbertandemrepeat,VNTR)多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention deficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)及其相关症状的关系。方法 取 139例ADHD患者及 115例正常对照,利用Achenbach父母用儿童行为调查表(ChildBehaviourChecklist,CBCL)来评定患者的临床症状;采用聚合酶链式反应(polymerasechainreac tion,PCR)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染技术,检测ADHD患者和对照组基因型和等位基因的频率。结果 患者组和对照组DRD4基因型和等位基因的频率与对照组相比无显著性差异 (P>0. 05)。DRD4基因的携带 5等位基因(DRD4 *5+ )组个体间焦虑 /抑郁(5. 1±4. 0)和内化性(12. 1±7. 6)两分量表分和非携带 5等位基因(DRD4 *5 )组个体间焦虑 /抑郁(2. 7±2. 7)和内化性 (7. 3±5. 4)两分量表分有显著性差异(Mann WhitneyZ=1. 982,P=0. 047;Z=2. 047, P=0. 041), DRD4 *5+基因型个体焦虑 /抑郁和内向性两行为分量表评分高。而其它分量表及行为总分无显著性差异。结论 本研究未发现DRD4基因 48bpVNTR多态性与ADHD存在关联,但DRD基因 48bpVNTR多态性与ADHD伴内化问题可能有关。

多巴胺D_4受体基因多态性与海洛因依赖及渴求程度的关系

目的探讨DRD4exonⅢ48b1 可变串连重复序列(VNTR)与海洛因成瘾及线索诱发海洛因渴求程度的关系。方法采用美国ABI公司3100基因分析仪对380名海洛因依赖者(依赖组)和275 名健康对照者(对照组)的DRD4exonⅢ48bpVNTR基因多态进行检测,并给予依赖组实施线索诱发海洛因渴求实验。比较依赖组和对照组的DRD4 exonⅢ48bpVNTR多态的基因型及等位基因频率是否有差异,分析不同基因型与线索诱发海洛因渴求程度的关系。结果(1)依赖组与对照组相比,DRD4exon Ⅲ48bpVNTR多态的基因型和等位基因频率差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。(2)依赖组中,DRD4exonⅢ48bpVN豫长重复基因型诱发的渴求高于短重复基因型(P<0.05)。结论未发现DRD4exonⅢ48bpVNTR基因多态与海洛因成瘾有关,但该基因多态与线索诱发海洛因的渴求程度有关,长重复基因型线索诱发的海洛因渴求程度明显高于短重复基因型。

抽动秽语综合征汉族患者的执行功能及与多巴胺D4受体第3外显子48bp可重复序列多态性

目的:了解多巴胺D4受体基因第3外显子48bp可重复序列多态性(DRD4 exonIII NTR)与抽动秽语综合征(Gillesdela Tourette syndrome,GTS)患者执行功能缺陷之间的关系。方法:对86例GTS患者进行威斯康星卡片测验(Modified Wisconsin Card sortingtest,WCST)、Stroop色词测验(Strooptest)和连线测验,并和51例正常对照组进行比较;利用PCR技术对GTS患者进行了DRD4exonIII48bpVNTR分析。结果:与正常对照组比较,GTS组在Stroop测验中的C错误数[(44.39±65.3)vs.(20.50±10.85),P<0.01]等(包括C纠错数、C时间、CW正确数、CW错误数、CW纠错数和CW时间)、连线测验A时间[(69.80±25.84)vs.(35.69±8.25),P<0.01](包括连线B时间、错误数、犯规数)、WCST正确数[(44.39±65.37)vs.(27.49±10.85),P<0.01](错误数、持续错误数、非持续错误数和分类数)等测验项目上成绩较差,从共病情况来看,注意缺陷多动综合征共病组在Stroop测验部分项目上比单纯GTS组要差;从GTS组内分析来看,DRD4exonIII48bpVNTR和各神经心理学测验成绩没有关联。结论:抽动秽语综合征患者存在执行功能缺陷,DRD4exonIII48bpVNTR和抽动秽语综合征执行功能缺陷之间可能没有关联。

7-氮杂吲哚衍生物——一种新多巴胺D_4受体显像剂的合成

7 氮杂吲哚衍生物L 75 0 667是一个新的、高亲和性 (Ki=0 5 1nmol L)的D4受体选择性配体 ,采用还原的胺烷基化反应合成了L 75 0 667的类似物 :3 [4 (4 氟苯甲基 )哌嗪 1 基 ] 甲基 1H 吡咯并 [2 ,3 b]吡啶。同时制备出 [1 8F]标记前体 4 三甲基铵苯甲醛 三氟甲基磺酸盐 ,及用于放射化学合成目标化合物的中间体 3 (哌嗪 1 基 ) 甲基 1H 吡咯 [2 ,3 b]吡啶 ,为放射化学合成 3 [4 (4 [1 8F]氟苯甲基 )哌嗪 1 基 ] 甲基 1H 吡咯并 [2 ,3

The hypothalamic-spinal dopaminergic system:a target for pain modulation

Nociceptive signals conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by primary nociceptors are subject to extensive modulation by local neurons and by supraspinal descending pathways to the spinal cord before being relayed to higher brain centers. Descending modulatory pathways to the spinal cord comprise,among others, noradrenergic, serotonergic, γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic, and dopaminergic fibers.The contributions of noradrenaline, serotonin, and GABA to pain modulation have been extensively investigated. In contrast, the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation remain poorly understood.The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation. Hypothalamic A11 dopaminergic neurons project to all levels of the spinal cord and provide the main source of spinal dopamine. Dopamine receptors are expressed in primary nociceptors as well as in spinal neurons located in different laminae in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, suggesting that dopamine can modulate pain signals by acting at both presynaptic and postsynaptic targets. Here, I will review the literature on the effects of dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists on the excitability of primary nociceptors, the effects of dopamine on the synaptic transmission between primary nociceptors and dorsal horn neurons, and the effects of dopamine on pain in rodents. Published data support both anti-nociceptive effects of dopamine mediated by D2-like receptors and pro-nociceptive effects mediated by D1-like receptors.

多巴胺D_2受体基因启动子A-241G多态性在精神分裂症家系中的连锁不平衡传递

目的 :探讨多巴胺D2 受体基因 (dopamineD2 receptor,DRD2 )启动子A 2 41G多态性与精神分裂症的关系。方法 :采集 10 1个家系 ,每家有 2名或 2名以上符合ICD 10精神分裂症诊断标准患病同胞且父母存活。对DRD2启动子的A 2 41G多态性进行检测。结果 :(1)DRD2启动子的A 2 41G等位基因频度和基因型频度在父母组、非患病同胞组和患病同胞组之间差异无显著性 ,在 3组不同性别之间以及在精神分裂症不同亚型之间基因型频度和等位基因频度的分布差异亦无显著性 ;(2 )传递不平衡检验发现在患病同胞 (χ2 =0 .94,P >0 .0 5 ,OR =0 .83,95 %可信区间 0 .5 7～ 1.2 1)中未表现传递不平衡性 ,而在非患病同胞 (χ2 =6 .76 ,P <0 .0 1,OR =3 .17,95 %可信区间 0 .41～ 2 4.71)中存在传递不平衡性 ,其中 2 41A等位基因在非患病同胞中传递较多 ;(3)基因型与妄想总分、幻觉总分、思维形式障碍、情感障碍、精神性失语及症状持续时间等临床特征相关。结论 :DRD2启动子的A 2