REST API自动化测试综述

REST API已经成为访问和使用云服务、Web、移动应用程序的重要途径,如何对这些API进行自动化测试以保证服务的安全性和可靠性是亟待解决的问题。目前虽然关于REST API自动化测试的研究成果众多,但仍缺少对测试技术全面的分析和总结。梳理了该领域近10年的代表性成果,首先总结了REST API自动化测试的发展历程;然后结合REST API自动化测试特征,提炼了测试的通用流程;接着分别从预处理、测试用例生成、测试用例执行与监测、结果分析四个环节阐述现有成果的技术特征,对比分析其优缺点;最后论述当前研究存在的不足,讨论可能的解决思路,展望了下一步研究方向。

神经元限制性沉默因子REST/NRSF参与调控癫痫作用及机制研究

目的探究神经元限制性沉默因子(REST/NRSF)参与调控癫痫作用及分子机制。方法采用免疫组织化学染色、免疫荧光、Western blot和qPCR检测癫痫患者病灶组织和海人藻酸(kainic acid,KA)癫痫小鼠海马脑区REST/NRSF表达水平的变化;采用病毒注射,脑电图记录和行为学方法检测在海马CA1区分别敲低或过表达REST/NRSF后对小鼠癫痫发作的影响。结果癫痫患者病灶REST/NRSF表达水平相对于脑外伤患者脑组织明显升高;KA模型组小鼠海马CA1区REST/NRSF蛋白和mRNA水平均明显升高,Kv7.2、Kv7.3钾通道mRNA表达水平明显下调;脑内注射NMDA兴奋海马脑区小鼠REST/NRSF表达水平明显上调;海马CA1区敲低REST/NRSF明显升高Kv7.2、Kv7.3钾通道mRNA表达水平,明显降低小鼠脑电图棘波、尖波发放频率以及癫痫发作等级;海马CA1区过表达REST/NRSF明显降低Kv7.2、Kv7.3钾通道mRNA表达水平,明显升高小鼠棘波、尖波发放频率,癫痫症状明显加重。结论小鼠海马脑区REST/NRSF通过转录调控Kv7.2、Kv7.3钾通道参与癫痫疾病发生发展。

REST/TUBB3轴对卵巢癌紫杉醇化疗耐药性的影响及作用机制

目的 探究PE1沉默转录因子(REST)/微管蛋白β(TUBB)3对卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药性影响及作用机制。方法 免疫组织化学法检测卵巢癌紫杉醇敏感及耐药肿瘤组织中REST、TUBB3表达,Western印迹检测卵巢癌紫杉醇敏感及耐药细胞中REST、TUBB3蛋白表达,定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测卵巢癌组织中REST、TUBB3 mRNA表达。不同浓度紫杉醇作用于SKOV3、OVCAR3和SKOV3/tax、OVCAR3/tax细胞后,分析细胞凋亡与周期变化,CCK8检测细胞活力,Western印迹检测REST、TUBB3蛋白表达。过表达或敲低REST后,qPCR和Western印迹分别检测TUBB3 mRNA和蛋白表达,检测细胞凋亡水平和周期阻滞。染色质免疫沉淀法检测H3-ac、H4-ac、HADC1与TUBB3基因第2个CpG位点的结合。结果 REST在卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药肿瘤组织及细胞系中低表达,TUBB3异常高表达于卵巢癌紫杉醇化疗耐药肿瘤组织及细胞系,两者mRNA表达呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。不同浓度紫杉醇作用下,REST蛋白表达逐渐明显降低,TUBB3蛋白表达逐渐明显升高,SKOV3/tax、OVCAR3/tax细胞凋亡水平和细胞周期阻滞显著低于SKOV3、OVCAR3(P<0.05)。过表达REST后,TUBB3表达明显降低,细胞对紫杉醇敏感性明显提高,细胞凋亡水平和细胞周期阻滞显著提高(P<0.05)。敲低REST后H3-ac、H4-ac与TUBB3基因第2个CpG位点的结合增强,促进TUBB3基因转录。结论 在卵巢癌紫杉醇化疗耐药组织及细胞系中,REST低表达,而TUBB3异常高表达,REST和TUBB3的RE-1序列结合调控其转录,在紫杉醇化疗耐药中发挥负调控作用。

基于RESTful架构的气象数据检验接口设计与实现

气象数据质量评价是整个数据链条中的关键一环。为解决目前气象数据检验业务分散滞后、资源不集约及服务效率不高的问题,实现统一服务,基于现代Web应用流行框架RESTful,首次将检验作为Web服务,基于共性检验需求设计并实现RESTful架构风格的气象数据检验接口。统一接口服务将业务资源进行集中,提高物理资源利用率的同时释放人力资源。接口服务以及基于接口开发的检验系统,可实现检验结果秒级在线查询,大大提高检验效率,丰富的接口和可视化系统给用户带来良好体验。

KubeFuzzer:Automating RESTful API Vulnerability Detection in Kubernetes

RESTful API fuzzing is a promising method for automated vulnerability detection in Kubernetes platforms.Existing tools struggle with generating lengthy,high-semantic request sequences that can pass Kubernetes API gateway checks.To address this,we propose KubeFuzzer,a black-box fuzzing tool designed for Kubernetes RESTful APIs.KubeFuzzer utilizes Natural Language Processing(NLP)to extract and integrate semantic information from API specifications and response messages,guiding the generation of more effective request sequences.Our evaluation of KubeFuzzer on various Kubernetes clusters shows that it improves code coverage by 7.86%to 36.34%,increases the successful response rate by 6.7%to 83.33%,and detects 16.7%to 133.3%more bugs compared to three leading techniques.KubeFuzzer identified over 1000 service crashes,which were narrowed down to 7 unique bugs.We tested these bugs on 10 real-world Kubernetes projects,including major providers like AWS(EKS),Microsoft Azure(AKS),and Alibaba Cloud(ACK),and confirmed that these issues could trigger service crashes.We have reported and confirmed these bugs with the Kubernetes community,and they have been addressed.

RESTlogic: Detecting Logic Vulnerabilities in Cloud REST APIs

logical testing model and resource lifecycle information,generate test cases and complete parameters,and alleviate inconsistency issues through parameter inference.Once again,we propose a method of analyzing test results using joint state codes and call stack information,which compensates for the shortcomings of traditional analysis methods.We will apply our method to testing REST services,including OpenStack,an open source cloud operating platform for experimental evaluation.We have found a series of inconsistencies,known vulnerabilities,and new unknown logical defects.

Evaluation of the coefficient of lateral stress at rest of granular materials under repetitive loading conditions

Although the internal stress state of soils can be affected by repetitive loading,there are few studies evaluating the lateral stress(or K_(0))of soils under repetitive loading.This study investigates the changes in K_(0) and directional shear wave velocity(V_(s))in samples of two granular materials with different particle shapes during repetitive loading.A modified oedometer cell equipped with bender elements and a diaphragm transducer was developed to measure the variations in the lateral stress and the shear wave velocity,under repetitive loading on the loading and unloading paths.The study produced the following results:(1)Repetitive loading on the loading path resulted in an increase in the K_(0) of test samples as a function of cyclic loading number(i),and(2)Repetitive loading on the unloading path resulted in a decrease in K_(0) according to i.The shear wave velocity ratio(i.e.V_(s)(HH)/V_(s)(VH),where the first and second letters in parentheses corresponds to the directions of wave propagation and particle motion,respectively,and V and H corresponds to the vertical and horizontal directions,respectively)according to i supports the experimental observations of this study.However,when the tested material was in lightly over-consolidated state,there was an increase in K_(0) during repetitive loading,indicating that it was the initial K_(0),rather than the loading path,which is responsible for the change in K_(0).The power model can capture the variation in the K_(0) of samples according to i.Notably,the K_(0)=1 line acts as the boundary between the increase and decrease in K_(0) under repetitive loading.

Brain mechanism of acupuncture for children with anisometropic amblyopia: a resting functional magnetic resonance imaging study based on voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity

AIM:To explore the brain mechanism of acupuncture for children with anisometropic amblyopia using the voxelmirror homotopic connectivity(VMHC)analysis method of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)technology based on clinical effectiveness.METHODS:Eighty children with anisometropic monocular amblyopia were randomly divided into two groups:control(40 cases,1 case of shedding)and acupuncture(40 cases,1 case of shedding)groups.The control group was treated with glasses,red flash,grating,and visual stimulations,with each procedure conducted for 5min per time.Based on routine treatment,the acupuncture group underwent acupuncture of“regulating qi and unblocking meridians to bright eyes”,Jingming(BL1),Cuanzhu(BL2),Guangming(GB37),Fengchi(GB20)acupoints were taken on both sides,with the needle kept for 30min each time.Both groups were treated once every other day,three times per week,for a total of 4wk.After the treatment,the overall curative effect of the two groups and the latency and amplitude changes of P100 wave of pattern visual-evoked potential were counted.At the same time,nine children with left eye amblyopia were randomly selected from the two groups and were scanned with rsfMRI before and after treatment.The differences in the brain regions between the two groups were compared and analyzed with VMHC.RESULTS:Chi-square test showed a notable difference in the total efficiency rate between the acupuncture(94.87%)and control groups(79.49%).Regarding the P100 wave latency and amplitude,the acupuncture group had significantly shorter latency and higher amplitude of P100 wave than the control group.Moreover,the VMHC values of the bilateral temporal lobe,superior temporal gyrus,and middle temporal gyrus were notably increased in the acupuncture group after treatment.CONCLUSION:Acupuncture combined with conventional treatment can significantly improve the corrected visual acuity and optic nerve conduction in children with anisometropic amblyopia.Compared with the conventional treatment,the regulation of acupuncture on the functional activities of the relevant brain areas in the anterior cerebellum may be an effective acupuncture mechanism for anisometropic amblyopia.

Application of buried auricular point combined with Wenjing Sanhan prescription in arteriosclerosis obliterans patients with resting pain

BACKGROUND Research on the combined use of ear acupoint embedding beans and warming meridians with cold-dispersing formulas for alleviating resting pain in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans(ASO)remains limited.AIM To explore the therapeutic efficacy of auricular point embedding beans combined with Wenjing Sanhan prescription in alleviating resting pain in patients with lower-limb ASO.METHODS A total of 100 patients with ASO experiencing resting pain who were treated at our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled.They were randomly allocated into two groups using a double-blind approach.The control group was treated using a warming meridian with a cold-dispersing formula,while the study group received additional treatment with ear acupoint embedding beans.The clinical efficacy,ankle-brachial artery pressure ratio,hemorheological indicators,and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The clinical efficacy rate in the study group was significantly higher(94.00%)than that in the control group(72.00%,P<0.05).Moreover,the ankle-brachial artery pressure ratio was significantly higher in the study group after treatment(P<0.05).Hemorheological parameters,including whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity(1.83±0.11)mPa/s,fibrinogen levels(3.30±0.21)g/L,platelet adhesion rate(49.87%±10.51%),and erythrocyte aggregation index(1.79±0)were improved in the study group compared to the control group.In addition,the scores for decreased skin temperature(1.41±0.26),intermittent claudication(1.30±0.20),and resting pain(1.23±0.31)were significantly lower in the study group than those in the control group(all P<0.05).The level of oxidative stress in the study group also exhibited significant improvement(P<0.05),and the levels of inflammatory factors were considerably lower than those in the control group.CONCLUSION The combination of ear point embedding beans and Wenjing Sanhan prescription demonstrates promising clinical efficacy in alleviating resting pain associated with ASO.

基于RESTful的动力环境监控系统设计与实现

当前通信网络动力环境监控系统缺乏关联故障对业务的影响,存在告警重点不突出、不能及时跟进故障处理进度、拓展性差等问题。为了解决上述问题,基于RESTful架构开发了动力环境监控系统,优化监控流程,建立知识库使告警与业务相关联、告警与维护人员相关联,实现告警过滤、多参数统计、拖拉拽方式灵活配置通报内容、自动化通报等功能,对故障处理进行闭环管理。系统有较强拓展性,其中告警模块、业务关联模块及通报模块等核心模块可根据不同监控场景自主灵活配置,可应用于通信网络、广播、电力等行业。

Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Impact of Rest Area Closures on Ramp Parking

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient movement of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for commercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ramps, which create safety risks for other interstate motorists. Historically, agencies have employed costly and time intensive manual counting methods, camera surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-time, offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there may be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and documents the observed spatiotemporal impacts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ramps. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ramps during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ramps closest to the rest area were most impacted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 times. Parking duration on the ramps during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ramps, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul commercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in informed data-driven decision making when allocating resources towards improving the nations commercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

通过CoAP协议对紫外线消毒系统资源的RESTful改造

目前物联网领域存在许多传输协议,其中消息队列遥测传输(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,MQTT)和受限应用协议(Constrained Application Protocol,CoAP)是当前物联网环境下应用得最为广泛的轻量级协议。本文通过CoAP协议实现了紫外线消毒设备与物联网平台的连接,成功实现了对紫外线消毒设备资源的RESTful改造。

基于依赖模型的REST接口测试用例生成方法研究

REST接口中普遍存在依赖关系,导致生成合理的接口调用序列与输入参数变得十分困难。现有的大多数方法只考虑了其中一种依赖关系,并需要人工执行繁杂的前置操作,生成的测试用例有效性仍然较低。针对以上问题,文中提出了一种基于依赖模型的测试用例生成方法。通过解析OpenAPI文档,该方法提取了接口内的操作间依赖关系与参数间依赖关系,并据此建立了两种依赖模型,从模型生成测试用例,最后从3方面确定测试预言。实验结果表明,该方法的输入度量覆盖率达到了100%,状态码类别、状态码、响应资源类型的覆盖率分别达到了100%,91.67%,83.33%,并能在限定时间内检出接口内部缺陷;与RESTler和RESTest相比,该方法的输出度量覆盖率最大提高了36%,触发了最多次的异常响应状态码,检测到接口异常响应的比例最大提高了10%。该方法为REST接口的测试用例生成问题提供了有价值的参考。

基于Restful的智慧化旅游系统设计

该文从系统松耦合、扩展性出发,在解决导航、路线的基础上,设计了一种基于Restful的智慧化旅游系统。研究提出了系统的整体架构设计思路,细分了系统的表现层、业务层和数据层,并从标识、模块、参数、表述以及缓存等方面进行了软、硬件设计。经系统测试验证后发现能够显著提高耦合性与扩展性,可结合用户需求合理设计线路,为其提供真实的沉浸体验和旅游服务指导。

RESTful API在5G应用场景中的安全威胁研究

针对5G核心网络引入的RESTful API服务化关键技术,研究其安全威胁。梳理5G网络服务化架构和RESTful API应用方法,从四个方面分析RESTful API在5G应用场景中存在的安全问题以及可能引入的安全威胁,并针对每类安全威胁提出安全防护机制。

Functional role of frontal electroencephalogram alpha asymmetry in the resting state in patients with depression:A review

Depression is a psychological disorder that affects the general public worldwide.It is particularly important to make an objective and accurate diagnosis of depression,and the measurement methods of brain activity have gradually received increasing attention.Resting electroencephalogram(EEG)alpha asymmetry in patients with depression shows changes in activation of the alpha frequency band of the left and right frontal cortices.In this paper,we review the findings of the relationship between frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in the resting state and depression.Based on worldwide studies,we found the following:(1)Compared with individuals without depression,those with depression showed greater right frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in the resting state.However,the pattern of frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in the resting state in depressive individuals seemed to disappear with age;(2)Compared with individuals without maternal depression,those with maternal depression showed greater right frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in the resting state,which indicated that genetic or experience-based influences have an impact on frontal EEG alpha asymmetry at rest;and(3)Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry in the resting state was stable,and little or no change occurred after antidepressant treatment.Finally,we concluded that the contrasting results may be due to differences in methodology,clinical characteristics,and participant characteristics.

基于北斗网格的影像数据REST Web服务系统

多源异构对地观测(Earth Observation,EO)数据的应用已经深入到国民经济建设的各个领域。然而,不同类型、不同来源、不同部门的数据给空间信息的共享带来了极大的挑战,地球剖分网格和Web服务的结合为多源异构数据的共享问题提供了解决思路。其中,北斗网格具有剖分结构简单、易于使用的特点,可以辅助检索影像数据;Web服务可用于北斗网格码标识下的影像数据检索。因此,本文以北斗网格为参考,建立网格与影像数据的映射关系,提出一种遥感影像数据的北斗网格描述方法和影像数据获取方法,并在RESTful架构的基础上,设计一个北斗网格影像描述Web服务和基于北斗网格码的影像数据获取Web服务原型,实现在同一参考框架下以网格为单元的影像数据互操作。

REST风格干部教育类互联网应用系统设计及应用

为促使干部教育向常态化、多样化方向不断发展,保证用户网络学习体验,适合运用RE S T风格,设计功能完善、实用性强的干部教育类互联网应用系统。本文从系统整体结构设计、系统架构模型设计两个方面入手,完成系统的总体设计,并且从音视频资源采集模块、内容管理子系统、内容分发网络与负载均衡模块、网络学习支持模块等四个方面,完成了系统主要模块的设计。系统性能测试结果表明:该系统运行正常、可靠、稳定,各功能模块满足设计相关要求。希望通过这次研究,为相关人员提供借鉴和参考。

基于REST Web Services的图书联合目录研究与实现

为了提高图书馆编目业务的工作效率和书目元数据资源共享,结合管理平台的不一致性,展开了图书馆和出版社联合目录的web服务研究。首先介绍了SOA和Web服务的基本概念,结合REST架构的特点,提出了基于REST风格的图书馆和出版社协同编目的web服务方案。详细介绍了系统在服务端和客户端的设计,实现了图书联合编目系统,提高了图书编目的工作效率,并指出了今后的研究内容。

基于RESTFUL的学术资源发布平台

利用具有表述性状态转移(REST)的Web服务,设计一种面向资源的学术讲座信息服务。将学术讲座标准信息作为服务接口,采用REST技术,以资源形式对外公开,从而实现信息共享和功能互操作。