Upstream Operations in the Oil Industry： Rigorous Modeling ofan Electrostatic Coalescer

This paper deals with a first-principle mathematical model that describes the electrostatic coalescer unitsdevoted to the separation of water from oil in water-in-oil emulsions, which are typical of the upstreamoperations in oil fields. The main phenomena governing the behavior of the electrostatic coalescer are denscribed, starting from fundamental laws. In addition, the gradual coalescence of the emulsion droplets isconsidered in the mathematical modeling in a dynamic fashion, as the phenomenon is identified as a keystep in the overall yield of the unit operation. The resulting differential system with boundary conditionsis then integrated via performing numerical libraries, and the simulation results confirm the available lit-erature and the industrial data. A sensitivity analysis is provided with respect to the main parameters. Themathematical model results in a flexible tool that is useful for the purposes of design, unit behavior predic-tion. performance rnoniroring, and ontimization.

A Rigorous Spectral Representation of Relativistic Random Phase Approximation

A rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random-phase approximation is presented.Explicit expression is derived for the effective particle-hole interaction which contains the direct term Kan,the exchange term KaQ and the kernel for the fermion line renormalization K_(fr).It is shown that according to our method,not only K_(an) but also K_(sc) and K_(fr) can be given rigorously in a form which depends only on one ω(energy)-variable and they all take account of the retardation effect properly.

Greek Texts and the Rigorization of Analysis:An Inquiry into J.L.Lagrange's Work on the History of Mathematics

This paper offers a study of J.L.Lagrange's research on history of mathematics,aiming to clarify Lagrange's intention in carrying out historical work.To this end,I first document how Lagrange worked with and exerted his influence on other scholars in the translation and diffusion of ancient Greek texts.Second,investigating Lagrange's style in doing and writing history of mathematics,this paper takes a new perspective and elucidates his motivation in these activities.In particular,it focuses on Lagrange's presentation of the history of calculus while he was teaching analysis at the Ecole Polytechnique(1795-1799)so as to clarify the function of history in Lagrange's mathematical works.My thesis is that Lagrange's intention in examining the different methods employed by his predecessors was to find inspiration and useful contents in his search for the proper approach to mathematical problems.I thus argue in this paper that history served as a guide or methodology for Lagrange's mathematics.Meanwhile,through an analysis of his historical writing,this paper points to four epistemological values according to which Lagrange judged various historical methods of differential calculus:generality,simplicity,clarity,and rigor.Lagrange's move to rigorize analysis was connected to his interest in and research of Greek texts;he was attempting to introduce the rigor of the ancient Greeks'demonstration in his works of analysis.

Application of rigorous coupled-wave theory on quality analysis of natural jadeite

In order to make more available methods for natural jadeite quality evaluation,this study applied rigorous coupled wave theory to calculate and simulate the reflection characteristics of various natural jadeites,and establish evaluation standard based on the relationship between refractive index and reflectivity and responses of reflection efficiency to refractive index,grating thickness and incident angles,etc.The results suggest that reflection efficiency varies significantly as a function of the natural jadeite quality,which can provide a new method to evaluate natural jadeite.

Rigorous Coupled-Wave Approach for Sandwich Gratings

Rigorous Coupled-Wave Approach (RCWA) has been used successfully and accurately to study simple grating structures, such as one-layer gratings, one-whole gratings. In this paper, RCWA is expanded to solve Sandwich gratings (SG), which is composed of two identical planar dielectric gratings adjoined by thin metallic or dielectric film. The electromagnetic analytic expressions for each layer of SG structure are given and rigorous coupled-wave equations are deduced. The numerical investigations for the diffraction spectra of SG by our theoretical and computer programs are in good agreement with the results of classical RCWA in the condition when a Sandwish grating is simplified to a classical one-layer grating. The calculations by our programs of another condition when a Sandwish grating is degenerated to a classical single planar structure also conform to the results of classical electromagnetic theory. The research results above indicate that the extended theoretical formula has backwards compatibility and is self-consistent with the classical theory.

CONTINUOUS TIME RANDOM WALKS ON FRACTALS:RIGOROUS RESULTS

Continuous time random walk on fractals is studied.Asymptotic forms of<r^(2)(t)>,S(t)and P(t)are obtained rigorously by the generalized Blackwell theorem,where<r^(2)(t)>is the mean-square displacement,S(t)the number of distinct sites visited in time t,and P(t)the probability of return at time t.The spatial disorder turns out to be predominant for long time.

The rigorous adjustment of the global mean sea level budget during 2005-2015

Global mean sea level budget is rigorously adjusted during the period 2005-2015.The emphasis is to provide the best estimates for the linear rates of changes(trends)of the global mean sea level budget components during this period subject to the constraint:Earth’s hydrosphere conserves water.The newly simultaneously adjusted trends of the budget components suggest a larger correction for the global mean sea level trend implicated by the other budget components’trends under the budget constraint.The simultaneous estimation of the linear trends of the budget components subject to the constraint for closure improves their uncertainties and enables a holistic assessment of the global mean sea budget,which has implications for future sea level science studies,including the future Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Assessment Reports,and the US Climate Assessment Reports.

Re ned rigorous perturbation bounds for the SR decomposition

In this article,some new rigorous perturbation bounds for the SR decomposition un-der normwise or componentwise perturbations for a given matrix are derived.Also,the explicit expressions for the mixed and componentwise condition numbers are presented by utilizing the block matrix-vector equation approach.Hypothetical and trial results demonstrate that these new bounds are constantly more tightly than the comparing ones in the literature.

Area inside a Circle: Intuitive and Rigorous Proofs

In this article I conduct a short review of the proofs of the area inside a circle. These include intuitive as well as rigorous analytic proofs. This discussion is important not just from mathematical view point but also because pedagogically the calculus books still use circular reasoning today to prove the area inside a circle (also that of an ellipse) on this important historical topic, first illustrated by Archimedes. I offer an innovative approach through the introduction of a theorem, which will lead to proving the area inside a circle avoiding circular argumentation.

Promoting rigor in blockchain energy and environmental footprint research:A systematic literature review

There is a growing interest in understanding the energy and environmental footprint of digital currencies,specifically in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum.These cryptocurrencies are operated by a geographically distributed network of computing nodes,making it hard to estimate their energy consumption accurately.Existing studies,both in academia and industry,attempt to model cryptocurrency energy consumption often based on a number of assumptions,for instance,about the hardware in use or the geographic distribution of the computing nodes.A number of these studies have already been widely criticized for their design choices and subsequent over-or under-estimation of energy use.In this study,we evaluate the reliability of prior models and estimates by leveraging existing scientific literature from fields cognizant of blockchain,such as social energy sciences and information systems.We first design a quality assessment framework based on existing research,and we then conduct a systematic literature review examining scientific and non-academic literature demonstrating common issues and potential avenues of addressing these issues.Our goal with this article is to advance the field by promoting scientific rigor in studies focusing on blockchain energy footprint.To that end,we provide a novel set of codes of conduct for the five most widely used research methodologies:Quantitative energy modeling,literature reviews,data analysis and statistics,case studies,and experiments.We envision that this code of conduct would assist in standardizing the design and assessment of studies focusing on blockchain-based systems’energy and environmental footprint.

Answering calls for rigorous health equity research:a cross-sectional study leveraging electronic health records for data disaggregation in Latinos

Introduction Country of birth/nativity information may be crucial to understanding health equity in Latino populations and is routinely called for in health services literature assessing cardiovascular disease and risk,but is not thought to co-occur with longitudinal,objective health information such as that found in electronic health records(EHRs).Methods We used a multistate network of community health centres to describe the extent to which country of birth is recorded in EHRs in Latinos,and to describe demographic features and cardiovascular risk profiles by country of birth.We compared geographical/demographic/clinical characteristics,from 2012 to 2020(9 years of data),of 914495 Latinos recorded as US-born,non-US-born and without a country of birth recorded.We also described the state in which these data were collected.Results Country of birth was collected for 127138 Latinos in 782 clinics in 22 states.Compared with those with a country of birth recorded,Latinos without this record were more often uninsured and less often preferred Spanish.While covariate adjusted prevalence of heart disease and risk factors were similar between the three groups,when results were disaggregated to five specific Latin countries(Mexico,Guatemala,Dominican Republic,Cuba,El Salvador),significant variation was observed,especially in diabetes,hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.Conclusions In a multistate network,thousands of non-US-born,US-born and patients without a country of birth recorded had differing demographic characteristics,but clinical variation was not observed until data was disaggregated into specific country of origin.State policies that enhance the safety of immigrant populations may enhance the collection of health equity related data.Rigorous and effective health equity research using Latino country of birth information paired with longitudinal healthcare information found in EHRs might have significant potential for aiding clinical and public health practice,but it depends on increased,widespread and accurate availability of this information,co-occurring with other robust demographic and clinical data nativity.

健全全面从严治党体系的历史逻辑与现实路径

深入学习研究党的二十大报告提出的“健全全面从严治党体系”的新课题,需要从把握历史逻辑、梳理丰富成果和探索现实路径等维度,着力阐明我们党在加强自身建设的历史进程中始终坚持推进伟大工程与坚持管党治党方针并举,把党的建设作为一大法宝,以着力加强党的建设为党领导中国革命、建设和改革不断走向胜利所发挥的重要政治保证作用。从这个历史逻辑中,可以得出只有始终坚持党的领导,坚持全面从严治党,才能确保党永远不变质、不变色、不变味,始终成为强国复兴伟业的坚强领导核心的启示。新时代十年,我们党把加强党的领导作为全面从严治党的核心,把全面从严治党作为党的建设鲜明主题,不断深化对自我革命规律的认识,把全面从严治党贯穿于党的建设新布局,坚持以政治建党为统领,以思想建党凝心铸魂,以组织建党造形,以制度治党为保障,以正风、肃纪与反腐为党心民心所向,初步构建起全面从严治党体系。要把健全全面从严治党体系这个新时代加强党的建设的重大举措、重大任务落实好,必须深化对“坚持内容上全涵盖、对象上全覆盖、责任上全链条、制度上全贯通”的理解和把握,着力在党的建设各个方面内容上全涵盖,在管全党和治全党上全覆盖,在党的各级组织肩负主体责任、各级纪委承担监督责任上全链条,在把制度建设落实到全面从严治党全过程与各层级上全贯通,对健全全面从严治党体系的现实路径指向作出探讨。

新时代全面从严治党:内涵、议题和路径

中国特色社会主义新时代对全面从严治党的要求是:中国共产党必须在全面建设社会主义现代化国家、以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的征程上始终成为坚强的领导核心,充分发挥党总揽全局、协调各方的作用,进而完成党肩负的历史使命。这一特定要求意味着新时代全面从严治党的内涵是中国共产党必须解决大党独有难题,进而保持党的先锋队性质。新时代全面从严治党围绕贯彻党的全面领导,保证党的团结统一,维护党中央权威和集中统一领导,加强执政队伍建设,调动全党积极性、主动性、创造性,对权力进行有效监督,涵养政治生态等议题系统推进。全面从严治党的议题决定了路径选择。新时代全面从严治党的路径包括:从政治建设入手贯彻党的全面领导,从强化理论武装入手增强党的团结统一,从发展民主集中制入手维护党中央权威和集中统一领导,从提高政治能力入手加强执政队伍建设,从发扬民主和强化使命入手调动全党的积极性、主动性、创造性,从党内监督和群众监督相结合入手强化对权力的监督,从党的自我革命带动社会革命入手涵养政治生态。

Ab initio density response and local field factor of warm dense hydrogen

We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed case.The full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two constituents.The full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion plasmas.All PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical objects.Moreover,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.

Statistical properties of ideal photons in a two-dimensional dye-filled spherical cap cavity

Within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics,we have proposed an exact analytical solution to the problemof Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC)of harmonically trapped two-dimensional(2D)ideal photons.We utilize this analyticalsolution to investigate the statistical properties of ideal photons in a 2D dye-filled spherical cap cavity.The resultsof numerical calculation of the analytical solution agree completely with the foregoing experimental results in the BEC ofharmonically trapped 2D ideal photons.The analytical expressions of the critical temperature and the condensate fractionare derived in the thermodynamic limit.It is found that the 2D critical photon number is larger than the one-dimensional(1D)critical photon number by two orders of magnitude.The spectral radiance of a 2D spherical cap cavity has a sharppeak at the frequency of the cavity cutoff when the photon number exceeds the critical value determined by a temperature.

以系统观念推动全面从严治党向纵深发展

系统观念是基础性的思想方法和工作方法,善于运用系统思维是中国共产党的优良传统。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚持系统观念、运用系统思维指导推动全面从严治党伟大实践,不断深化管党治党的规律性认识,初步构建并不断健全全面从严治党体系,支撑起管党治党的“四梁八柱”,为推进全面从严治党向纵深发展、以自我革命引领社会革命提供了坚强保障。

中国共产党破解大党独有难题的历史经验

全民族抗战爆发以来,作为大党的中国共产党,在破解大党独有难题历程中,积累起丰富的历史经验。一是坚持研判主要矛盾、抓住中心任务以破解难题;二是坚持外靠人民监督、内靠自我革命来破解难题;三是坚持在不同时期的团结奋斗中破解大党独有难题;四是明晰中与外的对照,坚持在破解中共独有难题时冷静审视苏共的兴衰成败,“以俄为师”或“以苏为鉴”;五是坚持真理并修正错误,从实践中汲取经验教训。上述经验以党的领导和马克思主义的指导为根本原则,以党的自我革命和社会革命为实践基础,以党和人民的团结奋斗为力量源泉,以苏共革命和执政的成败得失为标本参照,弥足珍贵,值得长期坚持并不断丰富。

中国共产党对大党建设的历史探索及其启示

中国共产党对于建设和治理大党有着长期深入的思考和丰富的实践,在革命、建设、改革和新时代各个历史时期,中国共产党不断结合党的实际探索大党建设的路径,取得了丰硕的成果。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央站在巩固党长期执政地位的战略高度,开辟了新时代全面从严治党的新局面,使党的自我革命展现出新的气象。中国共产党对大党建设的历史探索启示我们:要对党的队伍和自身发展发生的深刻变化保持高度清醒,把提高党的建设质量放在突出位置;要对组织规模扩大对组织结构的影响保持高度清醒,进一步健全维护党中央权威和集中统一领导的制度;要对大党建设的长期性和复杂性保持高度清醒,确保党不变质不变色不变味,确保党始终赢得人民拥护、巩固长期执政地位。

全面从严治党永远在路上的三重意蕴

“全面从严治党永远在路上”命题的提出具有重要的理论和现实意义。全面深刻理解和把握全面从严治党永远在路上需要厘清历史周期率、开展自我革命和锤炼革命性三者之间的内在逻辑和深刻内涵。破解历史周期率是推进全面从严治党的底层逻辑,开展党的自我革命是厉行全面从严治党的不二选择,锤炼革命性是落实全面从严治党任务的精神动力。

用于增强现实显示设备的表面浮雕光栅元件的设计

增强现实(augmented reality,AR)系统是一种将虚拟影像叠加到现实环境的显示系统,光波导是AR显示系统的核心元件,可以实现系统的微型化与轻量化。光波导耦合元件衍射效率的高低极大地影响AR显示系统的成像质量,为提高AR显示系统中耦合元件的衍射效率,该文提出了一种多层光栅叠加的波导结构,基于矢量衍射理论,采用严格耦合波分析法对光栅进行仿真分析。仿真结果显示:单层倾斜光栅的平均衍射效率在50°视场角范围内达到60%,3层光栅叠加的波导结构平均衍射效率达到85%以上,较单层光栅衍射效率提高了25%。分析结果表明,多层光栅叠加的波导结构可以实现更大的视场角与衍射效率,使AR显示系统具有更清晰的视场。