An in-situ self-etching enabled high-power electrode for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Sluggish storage kinetics is considered as the main bottleneck of cathode materials for fast-charging aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).In this report,we propose a novel in-situ self-etching strategy to unlock the Palm tree-like vanadium oxide/carbon nanofiber membrane(P-VO/C)as a robust freestanding electrode.Comprehensive investigations including the finite element simulation,in-situ X-ray diffraction,and in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy disclosed it an electrochemically induced phase transformation mechanism from VO to layered Zn_(x)V_(2)O_5·nH_(2)O,as well as superior storage kinetics with ultrahigh pseudocapacitive contribution.As demonstrated,such electrode can remain a specific capacity of 285 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 1 A g^(-1),144.4 mA h g^(-1)after 1500 cycles at 30 A g^(-1),and even 97 mA h g^(-1)after 3000 cycles at 60 A g^(-1),respectively.Unexpectedly,an impressive power density of 78.9 kW kg^(-1)at the super-high current density of 100 A g^(-1)also can be achieved.Such design concept of in-situ self-etching free-standing electrode can provide a brand-new insight into extending the pseudocapacitive storage limit,so as to promote the development of high-power energy storage devices including but not limited to AZIBs.

Effect of Multiple Coatings of One-step Self-etching Adhesive on Microtensile Bond Strength to Primary Dentin

Objective To investigate the effect of multiple coatings of the one-step self-etching adhesive on immediate microtensile bond strength to primary dentin.Methods Twelve caries-free human primary molars were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 teeth each.In group 1,each tooth was hemisected into two halves.One half was assigned to control subgroup 1,which was bonded with a single-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions;the other half was assigned to experimental subgroup 1 in which the adhesive was applied three times before light curing.In group 2,the teeth were also hemisected into two halves.One half was assigned to control subgroup 2,which was bonded with the single-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer's instructions;the other half was assigned to experimental subgroup 2 in which three layers of adhesive were applied with light curing each successive layer.Microtensile bond strength was immediately tested after specimen preparation.Results When the adhesive was applied three times before light curing,the bond strength of the experimental subgroup 1(n=33,57.49±11.61 MPa) was higher than that of the control subgroup 1(n=31,49.71±11.43 MPa,P<0.05).When using the technique of applying multiple layers of adhesive with light curing each successive layer,no difference of immediate bond strength was observed between the control subgroup 2 and the experimental subgroup 2(P>0.05).Conclusion Multiple coatings of one-step self-etching adhesive can increase the immediate bond strength to primary dentin when using the technique of light-curing after applying three layers of adhesive.

Multiple Coatings can Improve the Bond Durability of One-step Self-etching Adhesive to Primary Dentin

Objective To investigate whether multiple coatings can improve the bond durability of one-step self-etching adhesive to primary dentin. Methods Twelve caries-free human primary molars were randomly divided into 2 groups. In group 1, each tooth was hemisected into 2 halves. One half was assigned to the control subgroup 1, which was bonded with a commercially available one-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer＇s instruc- tions; the other half was assigned to experimental subgroup 1, in which the adhesive was applied three times before light curing. In group 2, one split half tooth was bonded with a commercially available one-step self-etching adhesive according to the manufacturer＇s instructions; for the other half, three layers of adhesive were applied with each successive layer of light curing. Specimens were stored in 0.9% NaC1 containing 0.02% sodium azide at 37℃ for 18 months and then were subjected to microtensile bond strength test and the fracture mode analysis. Results When the adhesive was applied three times before light curing, the bond strength of the ex- perimental subgroup 1 was significantly higher than that of the control subgroup 1 （47.46__＋13.91 vs. 38.12＋11.21 MPa, P〈O.05）. When using the technique of applying multiple layers of adhesive with each successive layer of light curing, no difference was observed in bond strength between the control subgroup and the experimental subgroup （39.40＋8.87 vs. 40.87-＋9.33 MPa, P〉O.05）. Conclusion Multiple coatings can improve the bond durability of one-step self-etching adhesive to primary dentin when using the technique of light-curing after applying 3 layers of adhesive.

Self-etching adhesives:possible new pulp capping agents to vital pulp therapy

Pulp capping is one of the solving for keeping vital pulp in the case of dentin caries,reversible pulpitis or traumatic pulp exposure.The presence of bacteria on the cavity walls or in the pulp was the major factor that leads to the failure of pulp capping.Traditional pulp capping agent,calcium hydroxide,may not prevent microleakage.Selfetching system is a newly developed adhesive system,which could provide less microleakage and would not break down or dissolve,preventing the oral fluids and bacteria from the pulp along the cavity wall.This may reduce such clinical problems as postoperative sensitivity,secondary caries and marginal discoloration.Researches showed that some kinds of self-etching adhesives induced the mild to moderate inflammatory pulp response,with negative bacterial staining.Inclusion of antibacterial components into self-etching system,such as 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide(MDPB)may inhibit bacteria and provide better clinical effects.It is speculated that using the self-etching adhesive system containing the antibacterial agent,such as MDPB,to the dental pulp directly or indirectly,may inhibit bacteria after the placement of restoration as well as residual bacteria in the cavity.

Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch根管充填效果的X线观察

目的:评价Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch(RESE)在根管治疗术中的充填质量。方法:收集30颗因牙周病或正畸治疗需要拔除的离体下颌前磨牙,随机分为2组,牙胶/AH plus组16颗牙,RESE组14颗牙。经常规开髓拔髓、根管预备后,实验组以RESE充填根管,对照组以牙胶/AH plus充填根管。根管充填完毕摄X线牙片计分评价2种材料根管充填的影像质量。结果:2种充填材料颊舌向X线评价均高于近中远中向(P<0.05),颊舌向X线观察2种充填材料没有差异(P>0.05);近远中向X线观察RESE组根充的影像质量好于牙胶/AH plus组(P<0.05)。结论:RESE充填系统具有良好的X线阻射性,有利于通过X线片观察其根管充填效果。

Effect of Saliva Contamination on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets When Using a Self-Etch Primer

The effect of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, at various stages of the bonding procedure using a new self-etch primer was studied. The samples were divided into 4 groups according to 4 different enamel surface conditions: Group A: dry; Group B: saliva contamination before priming; Group C: saliva contamination after priming, and Group D: saliva contamination before and after priming. Stainless steel brackets were bonded in each test group with a light-cured composite resin (TransbondXT 3M). The shear bond strength was determined in the first 30 min after bonding. The analysis of variance indicated that the shear bond strengths of the 4 groups were significantly different (F=11.89, P<0.05). Tukey HSD tests indicated that contamination both before and after the application of the acid-etch primer resulted in a significantly lower (=4.6±1.7 MPa) shear bond strength than either the control group (=8.8±1.9 MPa) or the groups where contamination occurred either before (=7.9±2.0 MPa) or after (=6.9±1.5 MPa) the application of the primer. It was concluded that the new acid-etch primer could maintain adequate shear bond strength if contamination occurred either before or after the application of the primer. On the other hand, contamination both before and after the application of the primer could significantly reduce the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

2种充填系统根尖封闭能力的比较

目的:评价并比较2种充填系统Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch和牙胶/AH plus的根尖封闭能力。方法 :选取34颗新鲜拔除的单直根管下颌前磨牙。6颗作为阴性和阳性对照组,28颗随机分为2组(每组14颗),预备至同一标准。分别采用2种充填系统Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch和牙胶/AH plus充填根管,通过印度墨汁渗透试验比较各组的根尖微渗漏。采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:2种充填系统的根尖微渗漏有显著性差异,Resilon/Epiphany SE组的渗漏较低(P<0.05)。Resilon/Epiphany SE中封闭剂Epiphany SE通过形成树脂突与牙本质及核心充填材料Resilon紧密黏结,形成一体化结构(mono-block)。结论:Resilon/Epiphany SE充填系统的根尖封闭性能优于传统牙胶充填材料,且封闭剂Epiphany SE与核心充填材料Resilon及根管内结构产生化学性黏结,形成一体化结构。

Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch的研究进展

牙胶作为是根管充填的标准充填材料在临床上应用已有一个多世纪,但牙胶无黏结性,无法与根管内结构黏结并形成完全的根尖封闭,导致细菌渗漏,是根管治疗失败的主要原因之一。Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch是一种新的充填材料,研究表明它与根管壁之间发生化学性黏结,形成一体化结构,可降低微渗漏和增强牙根的抗折性。本文就Resilon/Epiphany Self-Etch的组成、理化特性、临床特性及存在的问题等方面做一综述。