This article examines the phenomenon of women writers burning their own manuscripts, which took place during the Ming-Qing period. By analyzing women＇s poems and biographies of women, this study explores the reasons ...This article examines the phenomenon of women writers burning their own manuscripts, which took place during the Ming-Qing period. By analyzing women＇s poems and biographies of women, this study explores the reasons and implications behind ＂burning.＂ The self-censorship embodied by ＂burning＂ was geared towards protecting female virtue or enabling women writers to express their intense personal emotions while promoting an ideal public self-image. For example, due to their gender and class-consciousness, upper-class women tended to portray themselves as virtuous ladies, whereas, in contrast, courtesan writers were fascinated with the power of love. However, the act of burning manuscripts could both lead to partial loss of an author＇s works and imbue her writing with the tantalizing aura of an unfulfilled promise, thereby immortalizing the manuscripts that had almost been turned to ashes and publicizing the work of the formerly obscure author. In this sense, the ＂burning＂ is transformed into a literary conceit which promotes women＇s writings instead of destroying them. This article demonstrates the dual functions of manuscript burning by Ming-Qing women： self-censorship and self-promotion.展开更多
A novel phthalonitrile derivative containing an amino group, 3,5-bis（3,4-dicyanophenoxy）aniline （CPA）, was synthesized via a nucleophilic displacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 5-aminoresorcinol hydrochloride. ...A novel phthalonitrile derivative containing an amino group, 3,5-bis（3,4-dicyanophenoxy）aniline （CPA）, was synthesized via a nucleophilic displacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 5-aminoresorcinol hydrochloride. The structure of CPA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra （FT-IR） and nuclear magnetic resonance （^1H NMR）. Thermal analysis performed on CPA revealed that the novel phthalonitrile derivative showed a self-promotion curing behavior and the resulting polymer exhibited outstanding heat-resistance.展开更多
This study examined whether exposure to a firm＇s report of corporate social responsibility （CSR） activities affected attitudes toward the firm and increased behavioral intent to purchase products and services from ...This study examined whether exposure to a firm＇s report of corporate social responsibility （CSR） activities affected attitudes toward the firm and increased behavioral intent to purchase products and services from it. Findings showed that increased knowledge of a company＇s CSR deeds fosters positive attitudes and favorable purchase intentions toward the company. Reports that compared the firm＇s CSR activities to the competitor＇s activities favorably affected consumers＇ attitudes and purchase intentions positively. On the other hand, self-promotional reports affected neither attitudes nor purchase intentions significantly.展开更多
文摘This article examines the phenomenon of women writers burning their own manuscripts, which took place during the Ming-Qing period. By analyzing women＇s poems and biographies of women, this study explores the reasons and implications behind ＂burning.＂ The self-censorship embodied by ＂burning＂ was geared towards protecting female virtue or enabling women writers to express their intense personal emotions while promoting an ideal public self-image. For example, due to their gender and class-consciousness, upper-class women tended to portray themselves as virtuous ladies, whereas, in contrast, courtesan writers were fascinated with the power of love. However, the act of burning manuscripts could both lead to partial loss of an author＇s works and imbue her writing with the tantalizing aura of an unfulfilled promise, thereby immortalizing the manuscripts that had almost been turned to ashes and publicizing the work of the formerly obscure author. In this sense, the ＂burning＂ is transformed into a literary conceit which promotes women＇s writings instead of destroying them. This article demonstrates the dual functions of manuscript burning by Ming-Qing women： self-censorship and self-promotion.
文摘A novel phthalonitrile derivative containing an amino group, 3,5-bis（3,4-dicyanophenoxy）aniline （CPA）, was synthesized via a nucleophilic displacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 5-aminoresorcinol hydrochloride. The structure of CPA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra （FT-IR） and nuclear magnetic resonance （^1H NMR）. Thermal analysis performed on CPA revealed that the novel phthalonitrile derivative showed a self-promotion curing behavior and the resulting polymer exhibited outstanding heat-resistance.
文摘This study examined whether exposure to a firm＇s report of corporate social responsibility （CSR） activities affected attitudes toward the firm and increased behavioral intent to purchase products and services from it. Findings showed that increased knowledge of a company＇s CSR deeds fosters positive attitudes and favorable purchase intentions toward the company. Reports that compared the firm＇s CSR activities to the competitor＇s activities favorably affected consumers＇ attitudes and purchase intentions positively. On the other hand, self-promotional reports affected neither attitudes nor purchase intentions significantly.
