Effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with rehabilitation training on knee joint injury caused by golf

BACKGROUND In high-intensity sports like golf,knee joints are prone to injury,leading to pain,limited mobility,and decreased quality of life.Traditional treatment methods typically involve rehabilitation exercises,but their effectiveness may be limited.In recent years,sodium hyaluronate has emerged as a widely used biomedical material in the treatment of joint diseases.AIM To explore the effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with rehabilitation training on pain degree,flexion range of motion and motor function of knee joint injured by golf.METHODS Eighty patients with knee joint injury caused by golf were randomly divided into control(group B)and observation group(group A).The group B was treated with rehabilitation training,and the group A was treated with sodium hyaluronate combined with rehabilitation training.The clinical efficacy,range of motion and function of knee joint,quality of life and inflammatory factors were compared.RESULTS The excellent and good rate of rehabilitation in the group A was raised than group B.At 6 weeks and 3 months after treatment,the range of motion of the two groups was raised than that before treatment,and that of the group A was raised than group B.After treatment,the scores of Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)in the group A were raised,and those in the group A were raised than group B.The VAS score of the two groups was reduced than that of the group B,and the SF-36 score of the group A was reduced than group B.The interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the two groups were reduced,and those in the group A were reduced than group B.CONCLUSION Sodium hyaluronate combined with rehabilitation training has a good clinical effect in the treatment of patients with knee joint injury caused by golf,which relieve pain,maintain knee joint function and improve patients'life quality.

Efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor plus sodium hyaluronate eye drops in diabetic dry eye post-cataract surgery

BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome(DES)after diabetic cataract surgery can seriously affect the patient’s quality of life.Therefore,effective alleviation of symptoms in patients with this disease has important clinical significance.AIM To explore the clinical effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF)plus sodium hyaluronate(SH)eye drops on DES after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes.METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 82 patients with diabetes who experienced DES after cataract surgery at Tianjin Beichen Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University between April 2021 and April 2023.They were classified into an observation group(42 cases,rhEGF+SH eye drops)and a control group(40 cases,SH eye drops alone),depending on the different treatment schemes.The therapeutic efficacy,dry eye symptom score,tear film breakup time(TFBUT),basic tear secretion score[assessed using Schirmer I test(SIt)],corneal fluorescein staining(FL)score,tear inflammatory markers,adverse reactions during treat-ment,and treatment satisfaction were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Therapeutic efficacy was higher in the observation group compared with the control group.Both groups showed improved TFBUT and dry eye,as well as improved SIt and FL scores after treatment,with a more pronounced improvement in the observation group.Although no marked differences in adverse reactions were observed between the two groups,treatment satisfaction was higher in the observation group.CONCLUSION rhEGF+SH eye drops rendered clinical benefits to patients by effectively ameliorating dry eye and visual impairment with favorable efficacy,fewer adverse reactions,and high safety levels.Thus,this treatment should be promoted in clinical practice.

Low concentration of sodium hyaluronate temporarily elevates the tear film lipid layer thickness in dry eye patients with lipid deficiency

AIM： To investigate the effects of different concentrations of artificial tears on lipid layer thickness （LLT） and blink rate （BR） in dry eye patients. METHODS： This study included 106 eyes of 58 patients with dry eye. The lipid deficiency type was defined as the LLT baseline 〈75 nm. The LLT and BR were measured at baseline and 1, 5 and 15min after the instillation of 0.1% or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate （SH） eye drops by using the LipiView ocular surface interferometer. RESULTS： In the lipid deficiency group, the LLT increased from baseline at 1rain post instillation. The LLT after the instillation of 0.1% SH was significantly higher than that after the instillation of 0.3% SH （P〈0.001）. The LLT returned to baseline at 15min post instillation of 0.1% SH and at 5min post instillation of 0.3% SH. In the non-lipid deficiency group, the LLT decreased from baseline at lmin and returned to baseline at 5rain for both treatments. The BRs were not significantly different at different time points for both treatments. CONCLUSION： SH eye drops induce a short-term increase in LLT of patients with lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears have a stronger effect than a high concentration of artificial tears on the increase in LLT. in comparison, SH eye drops induce a transient and slight decrease in LLT of patients without lipid deficiency. A low concentration of artificial tears might be better for patients with lipid deficiency.

In vitro effects of sodium hyaluronate on the proliferation and the apoptosis in chondrocytes from patients with Kashin-Beck disease and osteoarthritis

Objective：To identify the in vitro effects of sodium hyaluronate（HA） on the proliferation and the apoptosis of chondrocytes from patients with Kashin-Beck disease（KBD） and osteoarthritis（OA）. Methods：Samples of articular cartilages from KBD and OA patients, as well as healthy volunteers（6 subjects in each of the 3 groups） were dissected, digested with collagenase and the cells cultured in monolayers. Chondrocytes from each sample were assigned to an untreated group and two HA-treated groups： H0（no HA）, H100（HA, 0.1 g/L） and H500（HA, 0.5 g/L）. The first passage chondrocytes were used to observe proliferation using the MTT assay, and apoptosis by flow cytometry through Annexin V/PI staining. Results：HA promoted proliferation of chondrocytes in all the three groups, and.in KBD and OA groups, for cells cultured for 4 and 6 days, H500 significantly promoted the cell proliferation. The apoptotic rates of both KBD and OA group chondrocytes were in the order H500 〈 HA100 〈 H0. Conclusion：Sodium hyaluronate administration has a dosedependent in vitro effect to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of chondrocytes from patients with KBD and OA.

Determination of sodium hyaluronate in pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC–UV

A liquid chromatography （HPLC） method with UV detection was developed for determination of sodium hyaluronate in pharmaceutical formulation. Sodium hyaluronate is a polymer of disaccharides, composed of D-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetylglucosamine, linked via alternating 13-1, 4 and D-l, 3 glycosidic bonds. Being a polymer compound it lacks a UV absorbing chromophore. In the absence of a UV absorbing chromophore and highly polar nature of compound, the analysis becomes a major challenge. To overcome these problems a novel method for the determination of sodium hyaluronate was developed and validated based on size exclusion liquid chromatography （SEC） with UV detection. An isocratic mobile phase consisting of buffer 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH adjusted to 7.0 using potassium hydroxide （10%） was used. Chromatography was carried out at 25 ~C on a BioSep SEC $2000, 300 mm ~ 7.8 mm column. The detection was carded out using variable wavelength UV-vis detector set at 205 nm. The compounds were eluted isocratically at a steady flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Sodium hyaluronate retention time was about 4.9 min with an asymmetry factor of 1.93. A calibration curve was obtained from 1 to 38 g/mL （r〉0.9998）. Within-day % RSD was 1.0 and between-day % RSD was 1.10. Specificity/selectivity experiments revealed the absence of interference from excipients, recovery from spiked samples for sodium hyaluronate was 99-102. The developed method was applied to the determination of sodium hyaluronate in pharmaceutical drug substance and product.

Determination of sodium hyaluronate with some basic bisphenylnaphthylmethane dyes by resonance Rayleigh scattering method

In an acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer solution of pH 3.6–6.8, a compound complex was formed between sodium hyaluronate (abbreviated as SH) and some basic bisphenylnaphthylmethane dyes, leading to a great enhancement of the intensity of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and giving a new RRS spectrum, with its maximum scattering peak near 280 nm. It was also found that the intensity of RRS was directly proportional to the concentration of SH near the range between 0 and 3.0 mg/L. Based on these facts, a sensitive method for the determination of SH has been established. The method had good selectivity, and has been used for the determination of total amounts of SH in samples with satisfactory results. For the NB–SH system, the detection limit of SH was down to 13.7 ng/mL.

Anti-scarring effect of sodium hyaluronate at filtration pathway after filtering surgery in rabbits

AIM: To investigate the anti-scarring effect of sodium hyaluronate(HA) at filtration pathway after filtering surgery in a rabbit model.METHODS: Fifteen healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were selected for trabeculectomy in both eyes. The right eyes were used as HA group with 0.1 m L HA injected into the anterior chamber at the end of the operation;the left eyes were used with 0.1 m L sodium lactate Ringer’s solution(RS) injected into the anterior chamber as RS group. Intraocular pressure(IOP), filtering blebs morphology, inflammatory reaction and complications were observed at the 7, 60, and 90 d after surgery.RESULTS: One day after surgery, the IOP of HA and RS groups were 12.75±1.92 and 10.50±1.59 mm Hg(P=0.005). At the 7;day postoperative, the filtering blebs of each group were functional type and TGF-β expression was significantly difference in both groups(0.10±0.01 vs 0.14±0.02, P=0.024). After 60 d of the operation, all filtering blebs were scarring and alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression was significantly difference in both groups(0.40±0.04 vs 0.35±0.02, P=0.032). α-SMA positive cells were mainly distributed in the junction of conjunctiva and sclera and around the blood vessels. The collagen volume fraction(CVF) of HA and RS group was(75.49±7.01)% and(79.93±5.35)%(P=0.044). On the 90;day after the operation, CVF was(82.57±5.19)% and(88.08±1.75)% in HA and RS groups(P=0.036). There was no α-SMA positive cell in HA group, while a few positive cells were observed in RS group(P=0.000).CONCLUSION: HA has effect of anti-scar and antiinflammation on filtration pathway after filtering surgery within 3 mo by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.

Therapeutic effect of an injectable sustained-release sinomenine hydrochloride and sodium hyaluronate compound in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis

Background While intra-articular injection of sinomenine hydrochloride has a therapeutic effect on osteoarthritis, it has a short half-life, and is thermolabile and photolabile. The aim of this research was to evaluate the sustained-release of sinomenine hydrochloride from an injectable sinomenine hydrochloride and sodium hyaluronate compound （CSSSI） and its therapeutic effect in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis following intra-articular injection. Methods An injectable compound consisting of 1% sodium hyaluronate and 2.5% sinomenine hydrochloride was prepared and kept as the experiment group, and 2.5% sinomenine hydrochloride was prepared and kept as the control group. The cumulative mass release was measured at different time points in each group in vitro. Sixty-five male Zelanian rabbits were randomly divided into five groups： 15 （30 knees） each for the control, sodium hyaluronate, sinomenine hydrochloride, and CSSSI groups respectively, and five （10 knees） for the modeling group. Papain was injected into both knees of each rabbit for model establishment. Subsequently, 0.2 ml of the corresponding drugs was injected into the articular cavities of the remaining experiment groups, while the control group was treated with 0.2 ml normal saline. All groups were treated once a week for 4 weeks. Seven days after the last treatment, knees were anatomized to perl^orm pathological observations and Mankin＇s evaluation of the synovium. Four groups were compared using the SPSS 13.0 software package. Results In the in vitro sustained-release experiments, 90% of the drug was released in the experiment group 360 minutes following the injection. Comparison of the Mankin＇s evaluations of the four groups illustrated statistical discrepancies （P 〈0.05）. In further paired comparisons of the CSSSI group vs. modeling control/sodium hyaluronate/sinomenine hydrochloride groups, statistical significance was uniformly obtained. Moreover, sodium hyaluronate and sinomenine hydrochloride treatments showed significant improvement over the modeling control （P 〈0.05）, whereas sodium hyaluronate vs. sinomenine hydrochloride comparison failed to reach significance （P 〉0.05）. Conclusions CSSSI has a sustained-release effect on sinomenine hydrochloride. Intra-articular injection of CSSSI was significantly better than the sole sodium hyaluronate or sinomenine hydrochloride for the treatment of osteoarthritis in a rabbit model.

Impact of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.2% sodium hyaluronate artificial tears on postoperative discomfort following cataract extraction surgery: a comparative study

Background:Recent artificial tear preparations have provided 0.2%concentration of sodium hyaluronate.However,no published data exist on their potential superiority against 0.1%in alleviating dry-eye-disease symptoms in cataract extraction surgery.Methods:A total of 180 patients that underwent cataract extraction surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups according to their postoperative regime:Study group(SG)received fixed combination of tobramycin and dexamethasone(FCTD)quid for 3 weeks,and additionally 0.2%sodium hyaluronate provided in the COMOD®device quid for 6 weeks.Control group(CG)received fixed combination of tobramycin and dexamethasone(FCTD)quid for 3 weeks,and additionally 0.1%sodium hyaluronate provided in the COMOD®device quid for 6 weeks.The following indexes were evaluated at 3 postoperative checkpoints:(1)Surface discomfort index(SDI)which was derived by four direct 10-scale Likert-type questions that were addressed to the patient and pertained to:(a)foreign body sensation(FBS),(b)blinking discomfort(BD),(c)stinging sensation(SS),(d)tearing sensation(TS),(2)Tear breakup time(TBUT),(3)Schirmer’s test,(4)Central corneal thickness(CCT),and (4)Central Corneal Sensitivity(CCS).Results:Both groups showed reduced CCS values at all postoperative examination points;however,SG participants had significantly better CCS(all p<0.05).SG had better TBUT than CG at the 3rd(p=0.03)and 6th examination points(p=0.04).Moreover,SG had better SDI scores at the 3rd(SDI=9.26±0.55)and 6th weeks(SDI=9.47±0.48)vs.CG participants(p=0.03 and p<0.01,respectively).Conclusion:The increased 0.2%sodium hyaluronate concentration in the artificial tears provided in the COMOD®device seems to address dry-eye-disease symptoms better in patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery than the 0.1%concentration.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03705949 Oct 15,2018,retrospectively registered.

Five Years＇ Outcomes of Trabeculectomy with Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel Implantation for Chinese Glaucoma Patients

Background： Trabeculectomy is the most efficient surgical treatment. Prevention failure of bleb cicatrix would lead to unsatisfactory postoperative intraocular pressure （lOP） controlling and unsatisfactory success rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 5-year outcomes of trabeculectomy with a cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel implantation for Chinese glaucoma patients. Methods： This is a prospective, case-controlled study. Patients who were to be applied first-time trabeculectomy in the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University Third Hospital between 2010 and 2012 were included in the study. Totally, 60 eyes were randomly assigned to the trabeculectomy group （TA group） or the trabeculectomy with cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel implantation group （TH group）. Follow-up was finished at 1 week, I month, 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years atier the operation. The statistical index of demographic data, lOP, bleb shape, and any complications or medications or surgical procedures were recorded and assessed by SPSS 19.0 sotiware through independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and Pearson＇s Chi-square test, respectively. Results： The baseline IOP was comparable between the two groups （t = -1.00, P = 0.32） while the postoperative lOP was significantly lower in the TH group at 1, 3 and 5 years＇ time points （P = 0.00, P =0.01 and P 0.01, respectively）. According to the Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale, the height and extent ofbleb were better in the TH group at all follow-up time points （P 〈 0.05）, however, the comparison ofbleb vascularity showed no statistical difference （P〉 0.05）. TA group had a higher percentage of complications （ 13% vs. 3%） compared to TH group; however, there was no statistical difference in the comparison of each statistical item （P 〉 0.05, respectively）. The complete success at 5 years was higher in the TH group than that in the TA group （78% vs. 54%, P = 0.03）. Conclusion： Our results suggested that implantation of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel with trabeculectomy was more efficient and would improve the prognosis of glaucoma patients.

Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate on Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride Preserved Anti-glaucoma Medications

Background： Long-term use of benzalkonium chloride （BAC）-preserved drugs is often associated with ocular surface toxicity. Ocular surface symptoms had a substantial impact on the glaucoma patients＇ quality of life and compliance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate （SH） on ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. Methods： Filly-eight patients （101 eyes）, who received topical BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment and met the severe dry eye criteria, were included in the analysis. All patients were maintained the original topical anti-glaucoma treatment. In the SH-treated group （56 eyes）, unpreserved 0.3% SH eye drops were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. In the control group （55 eyes）, phosphate-butTered saline were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. Ocular Surface Disease Index （OSDI） questionnaire, break-up time （BUT） test, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal and conjunctival rose Bengal staining, Schirmer test, and conjunctiva impression cytology were pertbrmed sequentially on days 0 and 91. Results： Compared with the control group, SH-treated group showed decrease in OSDI scores （Kruskal-Wallis test： H = 38.668, P 〈 0.001 ）, fluorescein and rose Bengal scores （Wilcoxon signed-ranks test： z = -3.843, P 〈 0.001, and z = 3.508, P 〈 0.001, respectively）, increase in tear fihn BUT （t-test： t - -10.994, P 〈 0.001 ） and aqueous tear production （t-test： t = -10.328, P 〈 0.001 ） on day 91. The goblet cell density was increased （t-test： t = -9.981, P 〈 0.001）, and the morphology of the conjunctival epithelium were also improved after SH treatment. Conclusions： SH significantly improved both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damage in patients with BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. SH could be proposed as a new attempt to reduce ocular surface toxicity, and alleviate symptoms of ocular surface damage in BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment.

The effects of sodium hyaluronate on mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1,-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in cartilage and synovium of traumatic osteoarthritis model

Objective: To observe the influence of intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate (HA) on the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1,-3 (MMP-1,-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in cartilage and synovium of traumatic osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: Sixteen white rabbits underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) were divided into 2 groups randomly 5 weeks after transection. The experimental group rabbits received 0.3 ml of 1% HA by intra-articular injection once a week. Animals in the control group were treated under the same conditions using physiological saline. Ten weeks following surgery, cartilage and synovium were harvested. The mRNA expressions of MMP-1, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results: In synovium, the mRNA expression of MMP-3 was suppressed in the HA injection group. HA treatment had no effect on the MMP-3 expression in cartilage. No significant difference of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expressions in cartilage and synovium was found between the HA injection group and the control group.Conclusions: One of the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of HA may be the inhibition of expression of MMP-3 in synovium during early stage of traumatic OA.

Effect of Articular Cavity Injection Combined with Bite Splint Treatment on Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of articular cavity injection combined with bite splint therapy for the treatment of anterior disc displacement without reduction(ADDWoR).Methods:The research subjects for this study were 30 patients with ADDWoR treated in the temporomandibular joint specialist outpatient clinic from November 2018 to November 2019,with a disease duration of 1 to 6 months.The treatment group was treated with an articular cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate+bite splint.The control group was treated with a simple articular cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate.The two groups were followed up once every 2 weeks to evaluate the treatment effect and observe the clinical efficacy of the two groups.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 24.0.t-test and general linear regression analysis were carried out to compare the data of both groups,andχ^(2)-test and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for pain index comparison.Results:There was no significant difference in terms of the efficacy of the treatment received by both groups.The mouth opening and joint pain of patients in both groups were significantly improved after treatment(P<0.001).Conclusion:Articular cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate and occlusal splint therapy are both effective and safe methods for treating ADDWoR.

透明质酸钠棉片贴补联合小牛血去蛋白提取物治疗早期创伤性鼓膜穿孔

目的 观察透明质酸钠棉片贴补联合小牛血去蛋白提取物对早期创伤性鼓膜穿孔愈合的促进作用。方法选取南通大学附属医院附属如皋医院2017年1月~2020年1月初诊创伤性鼓膜穿孔病例101例(102耳)。根据患者治疗意愿分为47例治疗组(透明质酸钠棉片贴补联合小牛血去蛋白提取物注射),54例对照组(保守治疗)。比较两组愈合率及愈合时间。结果 治疗组47耳在2周内全部愈合,对照组在2周内仅有6例愈合,16例随访3个月仍未愈合。治疗组在早期创伤性鼓膜穿孔愈合率(P<0.0001)及愈合时间(P<0.0001)均明显好于对照组。鼓膜穿孔面积≤30%和30%~50%的患者,治疗组治愈率(P=0.0216,P=0.0006)和治愈时间(P<0.0001,P<0.0001)均显著优于对照组。鼓膜穿孔面积≥50%的患者(仅8耳,例数较少),治疗组与对照组相比,治愈率(P=0.4286)和治愈时间(P=0.1652)均略优,但两者差距无统计学意义。结论 透明质酸钠棉片贴补联合小牛血去蛋白提取物治疗早期创伤性鼓膜穿孔疗效显著。

The Effect of Tramadol Hydrochloride In-traarticular Injection on IL-6 Level in Patients with Tempromandibular Joint Internal Derangement

Purpose: This study was conducted to detect IL-6 in synovial fluid in cases with TMJ internal derangement. Patients & Methods: This study was conducted on forty patients ASA class I with TMJ Internal derangement. All patients had been subjected to arthrocentesis. The synovial fluid was collected before wash and lavage was done for the affected joint. Then, the selected patients were divided randomly into two equal groups, group I: consisted of 20 patients where arthrocentesis was performed for the affected joint followed by intraarticular injection of one ml, tramadol hydrochloride. Group II: consisted of 20 patients where arthrocentesis was performed for the affected joint followed by intraarticular injection of one ml. sodium hyaluronate. Another synovial fluid sample was aspirated after one month. The interlieukin-6 receptors in the aspirated synovial fluid were measured using humans IL-6 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: IL-6 was detected in the synovial fluid of joints with internal derangement. During follow up assessment of IL-6, the maximum decrease in IL-6 level was in the patients of group I who subjected to arthrocentesis with tramadol injection, as the mean IL-6 was (4.93 ± 1.36) followed by the patients of group II who subjected to arthrocentesis with sodium hyaluronate injection where the mean IL-6 level was (6.88 ± 1.76). There were significant p-value = (P = 0.000). Conclusions: It had been concluded that the detection of IL-6 in the synovial fluid of joints with internal derangement considered an indicator for inflammatory reaction in the joint and also the efficacy of arthrocentesis with tramadol suggested its anti-inflammatory effect.

Corneal Permeability Assay of Topical Eye Drop Solutions in Rabbits by MRI

This study examined the corneal permeability of topical eye drop solutions added with various corneal penetrating accelerators and gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the random digits table:Gd-DTPA group,in which the rabbits received 23.45% Gd-DTPA;hyaluronic acid group,in which 23.45% Gd-DTPA plus 0.2% hyaluronic acid was administered;azone group,in which 23.45% Gd-DTPA with 0.2% azone was given.Fifty microliters of the eye drops was instilled into the conjunctive sac every 5 min,for a total of 6 applications in each group.Contrast medium signals in the cornea,anterior chamber,posterior chamber,and vitreous body were scanned successively by MRI.The morphology and cell density of the corneal endothelium were examined before and 24 h after the treatment.The results showed that the residence time of Gd-DTPA in the conjunctival sac in the hyaluronic acid and azone groups was longer than that in the Gd-DTPA group.The signals in the anterior chamber of the Gd-DTPA and hyaluronic acid groups were increased slightly,and those in the azone group strengthened sharply.The signal intensity continuously rose over 80 min before reaching plateau.The strengthening rate of signals in the anterior chamber was 19.63% in the Gd-DTPA group,53.42% in the sodium hyaluronate group,and 226.94% in the azone group.No signal was detected in the posterior chamber or vitreous body in all the 3 groups.Corneal morphology and cell density did not show any significant changes after the treatment in all the 3 groups.It was concluded that azone can significantly improve the corneal permeability of drugs that are similar to Gd-DTPA in molecular weight and molecular size,and MRI is a noninvasive technique that can dynamically detect eye drop metabolism in real time.

Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells by Reducing Residual Water-Induced Decomposition of Perovskite

Residual water-induced decomposition is one of the dominant reasons for the decay of power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (Pero-SCs). To solve this problem, we introduce traces amount of sodium hyaluronate (SH) into the perovskite active layer to reduce the remaining water during the preparation of perovskite films. Unlike the traditionally adopted passive protection of perovskite from exterior water by low surface energy coatings, this study provides active control of the interior water by the addition of a water adsorbent into the perovskite films. The encapsulated Pero-SCs with SH retain approximately 70% of their initial PCE in 4000 h, while those without SH retain 32% of their initial PCE in 1000 h under the dark and ambient atmosphere. The unencapsulated Pero-SCs with SH stored in N2 atmosphere maintain over 94% of the initial PCE in 3000 h at room temperature away from light and remain over 88% of the initial PCE in 2000 h even the devices are heated to 70 °C. It has been proven that the improved stability is mainly due to the well-controlled residual water in perovskite films. Concomitantly, the PCE of p-i-n solar cells based on (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 is improved from 19.34% to 21.54%.

Low molecular weight heparin microcapsule coated occluder for atrial-septal defects

Background Whether the low molecular weight heparin microcapsule coated occluder is helpful to endothelialization in atrial-septal defect models is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the best conditions for low molecular weight heparin coated NiTi alloy occluder and provide the evidence of the efficacy and safety of atrial-septal defect occluders in vivo. Methods Low molecular weight heparin microcapsules were investigated using gelatin as microcapsule material. The prepared low molecular weight heparin gelatin particles were subjected to nickel and titanium alloy occluder coating by sodium hyaluronate. A dog model of atrial septal defects was established after treatment with low molecular weight heparin microcapsule coated occluder （n=4） and uncoated occluder （n=4）. Endotheliocytes and fibroblastic cells in occluders were observed. And the rate of endothelialization was detected. Results When the concentration of gelatin was 1%, the diameters of particles were mostly about 100 μm, and the particle size was uniform. The envelope efficiency of low molecular weight heparin microcapsule was about 80%. The endothelialization of occluder in the model was more obvious in the coated group than in the uncoated group （P 〈0.0001）. Conclusions Low molecular weight heparin can be prepared into microcapsules with their particle size in nanometric grade. The antithrombotic properties are kept in the nickel and titanium alloy occluder successfully coated with sodium hyaluronate. The endothelialization after the interventional occlusion in the coated group is obvious, indicating that low molecular weight heparin is helpful to the growth of endothelial cells in the occlude and the healing after the interventional occlusion.

Effect of holistic stratification acupotomy on lower limb function,MMP1 and MMP13 in bursal fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis:A randomized clinical trail

Objective:To observe the differences in clinical effect on knee osteoarthritis(KOA)between the holistic stratification acupotomy and the joint injection with sodium hyaluronate so as to provide a safe and effective treatment for KOA.Methods:A total of 100 KOA patients were randomly divided into an acupotomy group and a sodium hyaluronate group,50 patients in each one.In the acupotomy group,the holistic stratification acupotomy was adopted.In the sodium hyaluronate group,sodium hyaluronate injection was applied in the joints.The index of Western Ontario and McMaster University(WOMAC)and the expressions of MMP1 and MMP13 in bursal fluid of the patients were compared before and after treatment in the patients between two groups before and after treatment,and the clinical therapeutic effect was observed.Results:After treatment,WOMAC score of each dimension and the concentrations of MMP1 and MMP13 in bursal fluid of the patients of either group were all lower than those before treatment(all P<0.05).After treatment,WOMAC score of each dimension and the concentrations of MMP1 and MMP13 in bursal fluid in the acupotomy group were lower than the sodium hyaluronate group(all P<0.05).The total effective rate in the acupotomy group was higher than that of the sodium hyaluronate group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both the holistic stratification acupotomy and the joint injection with sodium hyaluronate are effective on KOA in this trial.However,the therapeutic effect of holistic stratification acupotomy is remarkable,which is probably related to the improvements in inflammatory response.