Sprinkle formulations——A review of commercially available products

Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and multiparticulate drug delivery systems. By sprinkling on soft food vehicles, these products provide dosing flexibility and convenience of administration, which potentially improve the compliance of patients with dysphagia.Due to these advantages, the growth of sprinkle products picked up since the 1990s, and several regulatory issues regarding this dosage form have been raised and documented.In this article, the types of sprinkle formulations were discussed by dividing them into seven categories, and the commercial products were summarized in terms of the drug substance, pharmaceutical excipients, storage conditions and administration methods. In addition, several US Food and Drug Administration guidelines related to the regulatory issues of sprinkle formulations were reviewed, which led to the conclusion that the future development of this promising dosage form demands integrated guidance for industry rather than scattered information in various documents.

Sweat Sprinkled in Rumaila

Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, drawing up the diagram illustrations and inspection reports of Rumaila's oil field and gas system, guiding the completion of equipment sandblasting and anti-corrosion inspections, and ensuring the fulfillment of other relevant work reports. Anti-corrosion inspection engineers can be called the "health doctors" of oil and gas systems.

Online coal dust suppression system for opencast coal mines

Coal is the major source of power in India and world over.Coal mining is an essential industry which has a major role in the economic development of the country.Most major mining activities contribute directly or indirectly to air pollution.Coal dust is a major air pollutant which affects the personal working in the mines and also people residing in villages near the mines.Air pollution due to coal particulates can affect human health and cause damages to the environment.Hence effective pollution control mechanisms are needed to keep the pollution levels within permissible levels.The easiest and most common method employed for dust suppression worldwide is sprinkling of water.In majority of mines,water sprinklers are operated manually and can lead to wastage of water due to over sprinkling.It can also prove to be ineffective in dust suppression if sprinkling is not done properly.The paper proposes a system which can be deployed to automate the dust suppressions sprinklers.The system will monitor the concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the air and initiate sprinkling operation when the particulate matter content exceeds preconfigured limits.

补充复合微量营养素对学龄前儿童铁营养状况与智力发育的影响

目的观察补充多种微量营养素补充剂Sprinkles对学龄前儿童血红蛋白(Hb)、全血红细胞游离原卟啉(FEP)和智力发育的影响。方法选择贵州省毕节市某日托幼儿园3～5岁儿童273名。按整群随机的原则分为干预组和对照组,干预组每周补充5次Sprinkles(周一至周五),补充期为10周,对照组不给任何营养素补充剂。干预前、后分别测定儿童的身高、体重、血红蛋白、全血红细胞游离原卟啉含量以及儿童智商(IQ)。结果干预前两组儿童的身高、体重、血红蛋白、红细胞游离原卟啉含量及IQ间差异无显著性意义。干预后两组儿童的身高、体重间差异无显著性意义,但干预组儿童的血红蛋白含量与对照组间差异有显著性意义,红细胞游离原卟啉含量与对照组间差异有显著性意义。两组儿童的贫血患病率、操作智商和总智商间差异有显著性意义。结论补充多种微量营养素可以改善学龄前儿童的铁营养状况及智力发育状况。

家用食物铁强化剂Spr inkles的应用(英文)

铁缺乏与缺铁贫血(IDA)仍是世界上盛行的营养问题。在婴幼儿中,IDA对生长发育能产生不良反应。Sprinkles含有延胡索酸铁及其他微量营养素,涂以大豆脂类。Sprinkles包装成小袋,可加入即食的家庭制备的辅食中,每日一次。在中国5个城市中对6～12个月龄婴儿和2～5岁幼儿进行连续4w供给Sprinkles以了解他们的接受程度,实验期间进行4次随访。结果表明,婴幼儿对添加Sprinkles的食物能很好的接受,母亲们很愿意购买上市产品。

一种新的监督潜在语义模型

Sprinkling方法是一种集成了训练样本类别信息的监督潜在语义模型。但是该方法特征权重采用词频,降低了文本分类效果,同时该模型并没有考虑不同样本对分类的贡献能力,而是认为样本对分类的贡献相同,另外,该模型采用多个特征映射一个类别来加强类别知识对分类的贡献。为此,文章在Sprinkling方法的基础上提出了一种新的监督潜在语义模型。实验结果表明,该文方法的总体性能优于原始的Sprinkling方法,在特征数为1100时,获得了最高分类精度,提高幅度达到1.71%。

Mechanical and Experimental Study of Sprinkling Water Cooling System on Roof of Shanghai Expo Theme Pavilion

Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different models were analyzed on solar radiation,and different heat transfer amount was obtained.And the following conclusions could be made:At the sunny day of summer in Shanghai,the temperature of inner roof with sprinkling system descended about 3 ℃,and the air conditioning load of the whole Theme Pavilion descend more than 320 kW.

Comparative Revenue, Obstacle Factors and Promoting Strategy of Sprinkling Irrigation in Wheat Field: A Case Study from Yanzhou, Shandong Province in China

This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.

Analysis of the decrease of center pivot sprinkling system uniformity and its impact on maize yield

Early studies showed that the irregular operations of the center pivot sprinkling system would decrease its uniformity while the reason was lack of discussion.Taking Herman-Hein uniformity coefficient(CUH)and Distribution uniformity coefficient(DU)as evaluation indicators,the reason that irregular operation management and configurations can decrease the uniformity of center pivot sprinkling irrigation was discussed and the impact on maize yield was tested.The reasons for such decrease in uniformity include:(1)With the increase of moving speed,the effect of sprinkling overlaying became worse,which resulted in the lower uniformity of sprinkling irrigation;(2)With the increase of head pressure,the inlet pressure could be adjusted to the same pressure by pressure regulator,which kept the uniformity of sprinkling irrigation constant;(3)When end gun worked abnormally,total head pressure decreased,which led to the decrease of sprinkling irrigation’s uniformity;(4)When pressure regulator worked abnormally,the water flow was subject to great pressure loss,which could decrease the uniformity of sprinkling irrigation;(5)When pressure regulator was uninstalled,significant abnormality of sprinkling irrigation depth occurred,resulting in the decreasing of sprinkling irrigation’s uniformity;(6)Different types of nozzles could produce different uniformity of sprinkling irrigation,which was due to different structures of micro-nozzles;(7)Due to lower uniformity,at the seedling stage of maize,both height and seedling emergence rate decreased.Final yield decreased by 18.35%.This study is important to the proper use and the improvement of configuration selection and field management of center pivot sprinkling system.