Formation of Superoxide Radical and Hydrogen Peroxide Enhanced by Trinitrotoluene in Rat Liver, Brain, Kidney, and Testicle in Vitro and Monkey Liver in Vivo

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) increased the formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline and the formation of formaldehyde from methanol in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes in vitro as well as in monkey liver mitrochondria and microsomes in vivo. The effects were more prominent at higher TNT concentrations. These findings indicate that TNT enhances the production of superoxide radicals (O_2^-) and hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2). The production of O_2^- was more prominent in systems containing added TNT than in those containing added benzyl viologen. H_2O_2 production by mitochondria was more pronounced in the liver than in other organs, but its production by microsomes was more pronounced in the brain than in other organs. The results suggest that TNT undergoes cycling reduction which produces oxidative stress. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

Effect of Manganese on DNA-Protein Crosslinks of Testicle in Chicken

In order to explore the effect of manganese on DNA-protein crosslinks （DPC） of testicle in chicken. 500, 800, 1 700 mg·kg^-1 MnC12 were added to forage to establish the model of the sub-chronic manganese poisoning. After 30, 60 and 90 d, testicles were taken out to detect hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity and DPC content. The results showed that compared with control group, hydroxyl radical inhibiting capacity significantly decreased and DPC content notably increased, and there was a time-dose relationship. It demonstrated that manganese could decrease the inhibitng capacity of hydroxyl radical, increase the content of hydroxyl and DPC, and induce DNA damage.

Cancer on Testicle Not Descended: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of 7 Cases

Objective: To study the clinics and therapeutics of testicular cancer not descended in Senegal. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 15 years between January 1997 and January 2012. It focused on 07 patients. Results: The average hospital incidence was less than one case per year. The average age of patients was 30.7 years with a median of 28 (range, 21 years and 38 years). The reasons for consultation were dominated by the existence of an abdominal or pelvic mass associated with an emptiness of the stock market. Orchiectomy was the main therapeutic gesture. It was performed by transperitoneal route. CT-TAP was performed in all cases and revealed a tumor independent of the liver of the spleen or kidneys, developed on an undescended testicle. Four cases of lumbar-aortic lymph node metastasis were noted. Histologically, we noted four cases of embryonic carcinoma and three cases of seminoma. Four patients died within six months postoperatively. Two in an intestinal obstruction chart, one in a peritoneal carcinomatosis chart and one patient in a pulmonary embolism chart. Two had a 4-year survival without recurrence. One patient had a 7-year survival without recurrence. At the time of the counting, these three patients were lost sight off. Conclusion: Intra-abdominal or pelvic development of testicular cancer is rare. It constitutes a major subsequent risk of the undescended testicle.

Protective effect of co-enzyme Q10 on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in adult male rats treated with Sunset Yellow FCF

Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control,CoQ10(10 mg/kg/day),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg),high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg)plus CoQ10,and high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg)plus CoQ10.The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,sperm analysis,stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out.Results:The normal morphology(by 41.1%)and progressive spermatozoa(by 74.8%),testicle volume(by 33.4%),lumen volume(by 38.3%),interstitial tissue volume(by 44.7%),seminiferous tubule volume(by 40.7%),and number of spermatogonia(by 53.9%)and Leydig cells(by 70.7%)reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group.Nonetheless,all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group.Furthermore,low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm.Conclusions:CoQ10 could,to some extent,prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of SunsetYellow.

Jealous Wife Cuts Off Husband's Testicle

本文提供了一个有用的表达:extra-marital affair(婚外恋),本文提供了一个惊人的案例:香港一女子把不忠诚的丈夫的一个睾丸割掉了,本文还提供了一个不争的事实:婚外恋苦人害己!】

Epididymo-Testicular Tuberculosis: A Case Report from Bamako

We report a case of epididymo-testicular tuberculosis in a 31-year-old man in the surgical department “A” at the University Hospital Point G of Bamako. Epididymitis or orchi-epididymitis is an infection of the epididymis and/or testis. It is the most frequent reason for consultation in urology and affects mainly young people between 30 and 50 years of age. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very rarely incriminated (2% to 3% of cases). The main problem with genital tuberculosis lies in the diagnosis, which is often difficult and delayed in the absence of other suggestive locations, a notion of contagion or a history of tuberculosis. In the absence of germs in the urine or semen, the diagnosis of certainty is based on histological examination of biopsy fragments of the testicle or epididymis. Delayed treatment results in impaired fertility, such as oligospermia or azoospermia due to reversible or irreversible organic damage to the genitalia.

New Approach of Ultrasound-Guided Genitofemoral Nerve Block in Addition to Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block for Surgical Anesthesia in Two High Risk Patients: Case Report

We report two high risk patients undergoing inguinal herniorraphy and testicular biopsy under ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric and genitofemoral nerve blocks. The addition of the genitofemoral nerve block may enhance the ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric block to achieve complete anesthesia and thus avoid general and neuraxial anesthesia related hypotension that may be detrimental in patients with low cardiac reserve.

Testicular Seminoma and Peritonitis about One Case at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital of Ouagadougou

Introduction: Testicular seminoma is a highly lymphophilic germ cell tumor. It is the most common germ cell tumor in young adults. We are reporting one case of testicular seminoma complicated with an acute generalized peritonitis (AGP), in order to describe the circumstances of diagnosis and discuss about treatment. Observation: It involved a 39-year-old patient, admitted for vague abdominal pains that were evolving since 72 hours with a history of right orchiectomy because of testicular seminoma in 2011. The analysis revealed a peritoneal syndrome, a right inguinal lymphadenopathy of 10 cm diameter and an empty right scrotum. The exploration revealed fistulized necrotic retro-peritoneal lymphadenopathies in the peritoneal cavity and ileal perforation on contact with these lymphadenopathies. Necrosectomy and ileal resections were performed. After the operation, the scanner revealed a conglomeration of retro-peritoneal adenomegalies extending to the right femoral region associated with bilateral pleurisy. The β-HCG and the LDH were 8000 IU/L and 24,500 IU/L, respectively. The seminoma was ranked T3N3M1. The immediate post-operative care was uneventful. The patient was lost from sight for a month and was readmitted in a context of alteration of his general condition. He died before the end of the pre-chemotherapeutic assessment. Conclusion: Scrotal mass is the usual way of revelation of testicular seminoma. In poorly followed-up cases, exceptional complications such as peritonitis may occur and are direct consequences of poor prognosis.

Taumatic Emergencies of the External Genital Organs

Background: The traumas of scrotum are often traumas caused by accidents on the public highway or in sport. However, fractures of the penis are secondary to a direct trauma to the penis with rupture of the albuginea causing hematoma, pain and deviation of the penis. Animal bites are rare. Purpose: To describe the management of traumatic emergencies of the external genital organs at the CHU Bouaké. Patients and Methods: Retrospective and descriptive study on the patients treated at Bouaké University Hospital for traumatic emergencies of the external genital organs during the period from January 01, 2012 to December 31, 2018. The parameters studied were epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic. Results: The study period registered 26 patients. The mean age was 34.5 years, Closed trauma to the scrotum was a frequent reason with 30.8%, the trauma sat on the scrotum in 53.8%, the penis in 42.3%, the vulva in 3.8% of cases. The circumstances of discovery of trauma to the penis were dominated by coitus missteps (45.5%), on the stock exchange and vulva by accidents on the public highway (60.8%). Scrotal swelling was the frequent clinical sign (26.9%). Treatment was dominated by surgery in 92.30%. Seven patients (29.16%) underwent exploratory scrototomy associated with hematoma evacuation, five patients (20.83%), a simple trimming, five patients (20.83%), an evacuation of the hematoma associated with a cavernous suture, one patient (4.16%), a trimming associated with a suture of the vulva, one patient (4.16%), a trimming associated with a right orchiectomy. The hospital stay was less than 5 days. The course was simple in 92.30% of the cases;two patients (7.7%) had complications such as testicular necrosis and atrophy which have been treated by orchidectomy. Conclusion: Traumatic emergencies of the external genitalia are rare but serious. Treatment is dominated by surgery.

Functional Morphology of the Spermatogenesis of Gir Bulls

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional morphology of the spermatogenesis of Gir bulls, with emphasis on the testicular biometry and testicular parenchyma histomorphometry. Testicular fragments from eight Gir bulls were used. The fragments were fixed by tissue perfusion with Karnovsck’s solution, and inclusion was subsequently performed using glycol methacrylate. Histological sections of 4 μm were made and stained with a 1% toluidine blue-sodium borate solution. The mean age of the bulls was 8.0 ± 1.3 years and the mean body weight was 467.5 ± 26.7 kg. Testicular weight was 289.2 ± 30.5 g on average, and the average gonadosomatic index was 0.12% ± 0.02%. The seminiferous tubules, Leydig cells, stroma, and intertubular tissue composed 80.9% ± 1.7%, 5.4% ± 1.3%, 13.7% ± 1.1%, and 19.1% ± 1.7% of the total testicular weight, respectively. The mean length of the seminiferous tubule per gram of testicle was 17 ± 0.8 m. Losses during spermatogonia mitosis averaged 75.5% ± 3.22%, while losses were 30.6% ± 8.17% during the meiotic phase, which resulted in an average total loss of 81.49% ± 2.58% of cells during the entire process of spermatogenesis. The average daily sperm production per gram of parenchyma was 28.0 × 106 cells. It was concluded that the histometric measurements of testicular parameters in the Gir breed are within the averages reported for other zebu cattle breeds.

Isolated Autoimmune Orchitis Due to IgG4 Hypersecretion Presenting as Tumor-Like Mass: Case Report and Review of Literature

Background: IgG4-related disease is a rare autoimmune condition that presents with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and fibrosis in the organ affected. Isolated testicle involvement is uncommon and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We report a case of isolated chronic orchitis due to IgG4 hypersecretion in a 61-year-old patient that evolved with asymptomatic tumor-like mass growth and was treated with left orchiectomy. Histopathological study revealed orchitis related to IgG4 hypersecretion disease. Conclusion: IgG4-related disease can be manifested as a multi or single-organ disorder. Most diagnoses are made after surgery with histopathological analysis. Most of the cases in literature stand out the difficulty in diagnosis and necessity of high suspicion due to this condition’s similarity with neoplasm presentation.

TGF-b and Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is categorized as a major metabolic disease. Hyperglycemia is the populest mediator. The oxygen radicals＇ production or the peroxide production in the mitochondria is preceded as a possible mechanism. TGF-beta is characterized as the main protagonist. TGF-b is a molecular mediator with adherent and hypertrophic properties in diabetic nephropathy. 20 Balb/c male and female mice were used. They were separated in two age groups, one of 4 weeks old （childhood, n= 10） and one of 6 weeks old （puberty, n=10）. An immunochemical study for TGF-beta was undertaken. The basal petal of the external membrane of Bowmen is thickened. In significant percentage the basal membrane was thickened and the peduncles merge together. Mature sperm cells were not normal. The two age groups did not present significant differences in morphology of the exocrine pancreatic cells. The augmented levels of TGF-beta expression promote the increased proliferation of the pancreatic glandular cells, the derangement of differentiation and the apoptosis rhythm. The renal function is diminished sooner than the clinical manifestations. The testicles are less influenced concerning principally the spermiogenesis.

Orchiopexy:one procedure,two diagnoses-different male infertility outcomes

Infertility,affecting one in six couples,is often related to the male partner’s congenital and/or environmental conditions or complications postsurgery.This retrospective study examines the link between orchiopexy for undescended testicles(UDT)and testicular torsion(TT)in childhood and adult fertility as assessed through sperm analysis.The study involved the analysis of semen samples from 7743 patients collected at Soroka University Medical Center(Beer Sheva,Israel)between January 2009 and December 2017.Patients were classified into two groups based on sperm concentration:those with concentrations below 5×10^(6)sperm per ml(AS group)and those above(MN group).Medical records and surgical histories were reviewed,categorizing orchiopexies by surgical approach.Among 140 individuals who had undergone pediatric surgery,83(59.3%)were placed in the MN group and 57(40.7%)in the AS group.A higher likelihood of being in the MN group was observed in Jewish compared to Arab patients(75.9%vs 24.1%,P=0.006).In cases of childhood UDT,45(78.9%)patients exhibited sperm concentrations below 5×10^(6)sperm per ml(P<0.001),and 66(76.7%)had undergone unilateral and 18(20.9%)bilateral orchiopexy.Bilateral orchiopexy was significantly associated with lower sperm concentration,total motility,and progressive motility than unilateral cases(P=0.014,P=0.001,and P=0.031,respectively).Multivariate analysis identified UDT as a weak risk factor for low sperm concentration(odds ratio[OR]:2.712,P=0.078),with bilateral UDT further increasing this risk(OR:6.314,P=0.012).Jewish ethnicity and TT diagnosis were associated with a reduced risk of sperm concentrations below 5×10^(6)sperm per ml.The findings indicate that initial diagnosis,surgical approach,and ethnicity markedly influence male fertility outcomes following pediatric orchiopexy.

What is the effect of Tribulus terrestris on testicular morphology and sperm production?An experimental study in the rat model

The objective of this study was to investigate whether treatment with Tribulus terrestris(Tt)has any impact on the testicular morphology and function in a rodent model.Twenty male rats were divided into a control group and a group receiving 100 mg kg^(-1) body weight of Tt supplementation.After 4o days of experiment,the animals were submitted to euthanasia;epididymal tail spermatozoa were collected;and spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability were analyzed.In addition,testicles were collected and processed for histomorphometrical analyses.Data were compared using the Student's t-test and considered significant when P<O.05.Spermatozoa concentration,motility,and viability showed no difference between the groups.Further,testicular weight and volume,seminiferous tubule diameter,tunica propria surface density,seminiferous epithelium surface density,and intertubular compartment surface density were statistically similar between the groups.However,seminiferous epithelium height and tubular lumen surface density were augmented in animals treated with Tt.Treatment with Tt does not cause a major impact on testicular morphology,promoting only subtle modifications.No difference on spermatozoa parameters was observed.

Resveratrol attenuates metabolic,sperm,and testicular changes in adult Wistar rats fed a diet rich in lipids and simple carbohydrates

High-fat diets affect male reproduction and sexual function.Therefore,we evaluated the effects of prolonged resveratrol administration on the metabolic,sperm,and testicular parameters of rats fed a cafeteria diet.Male Wistar rats were divided at weaning into control(Cv n=20)and cafeteria(CAF,n=16)groups.At 3 months,half of them were given daily supplementations of resveratrol(C-R,n=10;CAF-R,n=8)at a dosage of 30 mg kg-1 body mass for 2 months.Animals were killed at 5 months of age,and blood,spermatozoa,and testes were collected for further analysis.Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.The CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia(P<0.0001),and treatment with resveratrol reversed this condition(P<0.0001).The CAF diet reduced sperm viability and motility,while resveratrol improved these parameters(F<0.05).Regarding testicular morphology,the height of the seminiferous epithelium was reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group(P=0.0007).Spermatogenic cell proliferation was also reduced in the CAF group compared with that of the C group.However,the CAF-R showed an increase in cell proliferation rate compared with that of the untreated CAF group(P=0.0024).Although it did not modify body mass,the consumption of a CAF diet promoted hyperglycemia,adverse testicular morphology remodeling,and abnormal sperm,which were attenuated by treatment with resveratrol,thus suggesting a protective effect of this antioxidant on spermatogenesis.