During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and func...During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.展开更多
This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the p...This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the past and present.Our study combines contextual with intertextual reading methods.It places different materials,including missionaries’works,newspapers,and official documents,in their specific historical contexts and links them to obtain a full picture of this transformation.We argue that yi was invented.Various agents and actors created the connotation of yi to suit their interests.It was transformed by the Qing court from“barbarians”to those who follow Confucianism to justify their rule.Then it was first translated as“foreigners”and later as“barbarians”when Europeans came to China.Our study situates the meaning of yi to help us rethink some of the labels and misconceptions attached to yi and the early missionaries in China.展开更多
Cattle slaughter and beef consumption are barely mentioned in the literature on Chinese economic,food,or animal history.This is possibly due to the widely held popular and scholarly assumption that beef was avoided an...Cattle slaughter and beef consumption are barely mentioned in the literature on Chinese economic,food,or animal history.This is possibly due to the widely held popular and scholarly assumption that beef was avoided and even considered taboo in the daily diet of Chinese people in premodern times.This article investigates the tangible regulation and practice of cattle slaughter in Qing China—the period when the beef taboo was argued to be formally subsumed into Chinese morality.I ask the following questions:To what extent did the Qing state ban cattle slaughter?How was the ban enforced in the localities?Did Chinese people slaughter cattle for consumption?Were there lawful beef markets in Qing China proper?How did increasing beef-eating Western sojourners since the mid-19th century impact this sector?Accordingly,I demonstrate that with the leeway provided by the state,the cattle slaughter industry developed in many regions of China proper,especially large cities.In this sector,Chinese Muslim merchants played a dominant role,even though the Han merchants could outnumber them.Their efforts have prepared the state and Chinese merchants to better cope with new circumstances since the mid-19th century.Broadly,this paper sheds light on how different religious,ethnic,and national groups affected the economy and the practice of law in the Qing dynasty.展开更多
This paper focuses on urban planning knowledge and its formation in the early modern China,comparing the urban function framework defined in the Athens Charter with Chinese city development in the late Qing Dynasty,se...This paper focuses on urban planning knowledge and its formation in the early modern China,comparing the urban function framework defined in the Athens Charter with Chinese city development in the late Qing Dynasty,selecting"road,""park,"and"commercial port"as keywords to analyze the construction practices and historical documents,in order to sort out the basic characteristics of the formation and development of urban planning knowledge.Based on the database of Airusheng Shenbao,this paper conducts keywords-frequency statistical analysis,and verifies the public acceptance of various planning knowledge in early modern times,expecting to reveal the origin and connotation of modern urban planning in China.展开更多
基金Sponsored by Philosophical and Social Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province in 2015(2015sjd751)
文摘During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.
文摘This study analyzes how the meaning of yi(夷,barbarian)was constructed in different historical contexts at the end of the Qing dynasty,which is important for us to reconsider xenophobia and Sino-centrism both in the past and present.Our study combines contextual with intertextual reading methods.It places different materials,including missionaries’works,newspapers,and official documents,in their specific historical contexts and links them to obtain a full picture of this transformation.We argue that yi was invented.Various agents and actors created the connotation of yi to suit their interests.It was transformed by the Qing court from“barbarians”to those who follow Confucianism to justify their rule.Then it was first translated as“foreigners”and later as“barbarians”when Europeans came to China.Our study situates the meaning of yi to help us rethink some of the labels and misconceptions attached to yi and the early missionaries in China.
文摘Cattle slaughter and beef consumption are barely mentioned in the literature on Chinese economic,food,or animal history.This is possibly due to the widely held popular and scholarly assumption that beef was avoided and even considered taboo in the daily diet of Chinese people in premodern times.This article investigates the tangible regulation and practice of cattle slaughter in Qing China—the period when the beef taboo was argued to be formally subsumed into Chinese morality.I ask the following questions:To what extent did the Qing state ban cattle slaughter?How was the ban enforced in the localities?Did Chinese people slaughter cattle for consumption?Were there lawful beef markets in Qing China proper?How did increasing beef-eating Western sojourners since the mid-19th century impact this sector?Accordingly,I demonstrate that with the leeway provided by the state,the cattle slaughter industry developed in many regions of China proper,especially large cities.In this sector,Chinese Muslim merchants played a dominant role,even though the Han merchants could outnumber them.Their efforts have prepared the state and Chinese merchants to better cope with new circumstances since the mid-19th century.Broadly,this paper sheds light on how different religious,ethnic,and national groups affected the economy and the practice of law in the Qing dynasty.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(14BZS067)。
文摘This paper focuses on urban planning knowledge and its formation in the early modern China,comparing the urban function framework defined in the Athens Charter with Chinese city development in the late Qing Dynasty,selecting"road,""park,"and"commercial port"as keywords to analyze the construction practices and historical documents,in order to sort out the basic characteristics of the formation and development of urban planning knowledge.Based on the database of Airusheng Shenbao,this paper conducts keywords-frequency statistical analysis,and verifies the public acceptance of various planning knowledge in early modern times,expecting to reveal the origin and connotation of modern urban planning in China.
