Central SOEs and State-owned Assets Management System Witness Great Reform&Development

Since the beginning of 2005, the central SOEs (state-owned enterprises) earnestly carried out and put into effect various strategies and policies as well as work plans of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council.They kept forging ahead and carved out in an innovative spirit, and made great achievements worth celebrating in their various work.Both sales revenue and total profits of the central SOEs have been growing rapidly and synchronously, and the quality of the stateowned assets have been further improved and appeared a good momentum.……

The Separation of Powers from Functions and the Establishment of a New Structure of Management and Operation of State-owned Assets

The development of the socialist market economy demands the furtherintensification of the reform of the management operating system (MOS)of the state-owned assets, the strengthening of the efficiency in the man-agement of state-owned assets,and the improvement of the operating bene-

30 years of reform of China's state-owned asset management system

Reform of China’s state-owned asset management system is an important component of China’s economic system reform,but also a key factor in rejuvenating the national economy.In this article,the authors analyzed the background of the reform,summarized the reform process and discussed related question on how to deepen the reform.

Asset specificity and farmers' intergenerational succession willingness of apple management

Understanding the factors behind apple farmers’willingness to pass on the management of their farms to their descendants is crucial to the continuity of apple production.Due to the high specificity of the human capital,physical assets,land assets,and geographical location in apple production,this study used a binary logistic regression and a mediating effect model to explore the impact of asset specificity on farmers’intergenerational succession willingness of apple management(FISWAM)and to examine the mediating effects of loss aversion in the impact of asset specificity on the FISWAM.The results showed that about 18.68%of the respondents expressed willingness to transfer their apple business between generations,and the FISWAM was generally weak.In addition to the negative impact of geographical location specificity(GLS),human capital specificity(HCS),physical assets specificity(PAS),and land assets specificity(LAS)can enhance the FISWAM.Loss aversion plays a partial mediating role in the impact of PAS,LAS,and GLS on the FISWAM.

Comparison on new and old assets devaluating preparation

Assets devaluating rules are decreed as independent rules for the first time. And this will influence much on enterprises for the new rules are more adjusted in many aspects. Through comparing with the old assets rules, the paper has analyzed the characteristics of the new assets devaluating rules. Compared with the old rules, the more different characteristics are that in the new rules, assets devaluating confirmation is defined, tangible amount calculation is prescribed in detail, the conception of ＂Assets Group＂ is raised for the first time, and the processing method of creditworthiness is set. The most important thing is that the new rules provide that once the assets devaluating preparation is confirmed, it will not be withdraw. At the same times, from comparing the confirmation of devaluating assets, tangible amount and dealing with devaluating loss, assets devaluating influence of the new rules and the old on enterprises＇ profit and loss is analyzed and an instance is used in the analysis.

The Conflict Analysis Between the Asset Impairment Loss and Accounting Information Quality Requirements

New accounting standards set that once any loss of asset impairment is recognized, here mainly refer to long-term assets, it shall not be switched back in the future accounting periods. In the author＇s opinion, this provision has some conflicts with the accounting information quality requirements which require reliability, relevance, comparability, and caution. This paper mainly analyzes the contradictions by comparing the provision with the requirements and putting forward relevant solutions. In the end, this paper has drawn the conclusion that the loss of the long-term asset impairment shall be allowed to switch back with certain conditions.

前瞻性管理对银行预期信用损失的影响研究——基于58家上市商业银行的分析

作为预期信用损失法实施的关键,前瞻性信息获取及调整是达到预期目标的主要手段,也是与旧准则的根本区别。本文对照国外前瞻性管理先进经验,分析我国商业银行在前瞻性管理上的差距,并选取国内A股、H股上市商业银行前瞻性管理数据进行实证研究。研究发现:前瞻性管理对银行减值准备计提具有显著积极影响,但存在效果不均衡、局部预期过度、缺乏同类可比等问题。建议监管机构加强对商业银行的规范指导和监督管理,完善预期信用损失计量体系,强化市场培育和市场监督。

基于财富和生产双重属性视角的我国数字资本测度研究

数据是数字经济发展的关键生产要素,是国家基础性战略性资源。本文兼顾财富摸底和贡献衡量的双重需求,利用永续盘存法(PIM)新途径,系统测算1995—2021年我国数字资本的财富性资本存量总额、财富性资本存量净额、生产性资本存量和资本服务规模,继而分别刻画了数字资本财富积累的阶段性特征及其赋能经济增长贡献的变化趋势。研究表明:从财富积累特征看,财富性数字资本存量净额以21.12%的年均增速实现跨越式增长,表现出“加速–放缓–提速–阻滞”的四阶段变动特征。不同于其他类型数字资本的持续快速积累态势,融合数字软件资本积累更易受宏观经济形势的扰动。分行业看,数字经济与传统产业的融合呈现出“三产>二产>一产”的逆向渗透格局,且显现出数实融合过程中“不均”“不深”的特征。从赋能经济增长贡献看,基于数字资本服务测算得到的经济增长贡献率呈现“升–降–升”的N型增长趋势,且数字软件资本逐步取代数字硬件资本成为拉动经济增长的强劲动力。本文全方位地展示了数字资本“投资–消耗–积累–服务”的资本运动全过程,论证了将财富与生产双重属性置于同一资本测算框架的必要性,以及以资本服务测度资本投入的不可替代性。

非流动资产处置损益对企业盈余管理的影响研究

对财政部发文新增的“资产处置损益”科目和利润表“资产处置收益”列报项目给企业盈余管理带来的影响进行探究。新准则的实行细化了会计核算的程度;提高了各类非流动资产处置损益列报的一致性,但扰乱了利润的构成逻辑;赋予了上市公司利用非流动资产处置损益进行盈余管理更大的空间,对整个市场和单个企业的净利润都有影响。提出会计准则应明确资产处置损益的属性、信息使用者应排除非经营性损益的干扰、企业应重视可持续发展能力的建议。

信息化管理技术在医院固定资产管理中的应用

近些年来,随着社会市场经济的快速发展,推动我国医疗卫生行业的发展,导致我国医疗卫生行业竞争激烈,要想在竞争激烈的环境中生存和长远发展,医院需重视内部管理,不断增强自身的综合实力,从而为医院长远发展奠定基础。固定资产是医院正常运行和发展的关键点,医院管理层应重视固定资产管理工作。事实上,我国医院固定资产管理存在较多问题,严重制约医院发展。随着互联网信息技术的提升,信息化技术逐渐用于医院固定资产管理,并取得良好效果。基于此,以泉州市第三医院为例,分析医院固定资产管理现状,按照医院规定资产管理模式引进信息化管理技术,了解信息化管理技术在医院固定资料管理中的应用效果,以期为研究医院固定资产管理方案提供依据。

财务报表格式调整的真实经济后果——基于“资产处置损益”列报的准自然实验

自2017年,我国利润表中开始增加列报“资产处置损益”,对原列报于“营业外收支”中的部分项目在“营业利润”之上予以反映。文章利用这一准自然实验,实证考察财务报表格式调整在企业资产处置行为中的真实经济后果性。研究发现,“资产处置损益”列报后,企业资产处置行为显著减少,且资产处置收益与损失均表现出显著减少。在执行一系列稳健性检验后,上述结论依然成立。研究也发现,这一影响主要通过约束企业真实盈余管理行为来实现,且主要集中在“十大”会计师事务所审计的公司组。文章从会计信息披露制度完善视角为会计信息披露准则变化在规范企业资产处置行为中的作用提供经验证据与现实参考。

Building State-owned Assets Supervision System and Conducting Mixed Ownership Reforms to Reinforce Each Other’s Collaboration

Improving the state-owned assets supervision system(SOASS)can effectively get over the defects of systems and mechanisms and further promote the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises(SOEs);and the deepening of the reform can advance the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital.By analyzing the relationship between the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises,we have found that collaborative promotion of the change of the SOASS to the supervision on capital and promotion of the reform of mixed ownership can do good to ameliorating the corporate management mechanism,improving the market-oriented management mechanism of enterprises and completing the medium-and long-term incentive mechanisms,etc.to enhance business operation efficiency.Due to such prevailing problems as relative dispersion and vagueness of the policies relating to deepening the reform of SOEs,inconsistent progress of the reform of state-owned assets(SOAs)and SOEs,and corporate reform focusing on apprence,improving the SOASS and deepening collaborative development of the reform of mixed ownership of SOEs are hindered by some constraints.To construct and improve the SOASS and the reform of mixed ownership collaboratively,we should make efforts to promote the reform in the following five aspects,namely,placing importance to policy coordination,boosting synchronism of the reform of SOAs and SOEs at different levels and in different areas to coordinate the nationwide reform of SOAs and SOEs,facilitating reform of the mechanism of enterprises of mixed ownership through mixed capital,and promoting the SOASS and stimulating classified monitoring and reform of mixed ownership based on classified reform of SOEs.

Analyzing on the Characteristics of Several Typical Financial Behavior of Loss Listed Companies in China

In combination with socio-economic development of China＇s current status, this article analyzes the characteristics of several typical financial behavior of loss listed companies in China. Among them, the debt financing behavior have a high level, a single means, a short-term structured and other characteristics, the corporate governance behavior have a goal of collaborative, several forms, and a complex environment, the earnings management behavior have diverse motives, many types of means, bigger range and other features, the asset restructuring behavior have a passive subject, methods of differentiation, performance-oriented features such as myopia.

资产配置经验法则视角下长期失业风险带来的潜在福利损失研究

受经济下行压力影响,个人潜在失业风险增加。为规避失业风险带给个人的不利影响,需要个人对传统理财方式做出调整,规划生命周期中的资产配置,但是这并不一定意味着年轻时需要将资产大量投资于股票。研究通过构建考虑长期失业风险的生命周期模型,探究长期失业风险经由资产配置变动对一生福利损失的影响。研究结果表明,长期失业风险会导致个人未来收入前景永久性下降,当考虑长期失业后人力资本贬值的风险对劳动力市场的影响时,它们会带来相当大的福利损失(占年消费总额的2.92%~8.62%),这些福利损失源于年轻投资者在未来劳动供给和养老金收入面临不确定性时承担的过度风险,这一结果为长期机构投资者的养老金计划提供了新的设计。

基于生态资产的湟水流域生态保护效益评估

生态资产是能够为人类带来效益和提供服务的生态系统,评估生态资产变化可以从客观上了解生态保护效果。地处青藏高原与黄土高原过渡区的湟水流域生态环境脆弱敏感,人类活动强度大,是21世纪以来生态保护政策与工程实施的重点区域。本文通过核算湟水流域生态资产的存量与流量,全面分析流域生态资产特征及其变化,以探究生态保护效益。结果表明:(1)2020年湟水流域生态资产综合指数为30.98,高于青海省平均水平,生态资产流量价值为1.07×10^(11)元;2000—2020年生态资产质量整体提升,流量价值增益343.11%。(2)社会经济因素对生态资产增益影响力大。(3)流域内生态资产稳步提升,生态保护修复已取得一定成效,但生态资产空间分异显著,局地生态保护压力依然很大。该研究对掌握湟水流域生态状况、指导生态资产保护具有重要意义。

资产评估准则、商誉高估与上市公司资产流失——以A公司为例

商誉的确认与计量是会计学界持久关注的问题。文章通过理论分析和案例分析发现,我国有关商誉的会计实务跟商誉的理论相背离,这种背离体现在现有的会计准则和资产评估准则中存在巨大的漏洞,这可能是造成上市公司普遍存在商誉高估的主要原因。文章指出,资产评估准则应清楚地规定被并购方的未来现金流,哪些应该被包括、哪些应该被剔除,尤其是被并购方将来可能得到的政府补贴(包括税收优惠)在估价时应该被剔除,以免导致国有资产流失。最后,我们认为,资产评估准则应规定以收购定价为目的的资产评估只能用资产法或市场法,不应用收益法,以免被不法者利用。

资产减值损失、公允价值计量与审计收费

资产减值损失作为一种盈余管理的操作手段已被大量现有研究数据证实,但极少学者对资产减值损失与审计收费在公允价值计量模式下的关系进行研究。文章选取2017—2021年全部非ST上海A股公司作为样本,以审计费用(Lnfee)作为被解释变量,公允价值(Fair)和资产减值损失(Impair)作为解释变量,在Simunic模型的基础上构建回归模型进行实证研究。研究结果发现,公司计提的资产减值损失越大,审计费用就会越高;并且这种关系在公允价值计量模式下同样显著。

Regional Rainfall Damage Functions to Estimate Direct Economic Losses in Rainstorms:A Case Study of the 2016 Extreme Rainfall Event in Hebei Province of China

Developing a regional damage function to quickly estimate direct economic losses(DELs)caused by heavy rain and foods is crucial for providing scientifc supports in efective disaster response and risk reduction.This study investigated the factors that infuence regional rainfall-induced damage and developed a calibrated regional rainfall damage function(RDF)using data from the 2016 extreme rainfall event in Hebei Province,China.The analysis revealed that total precipitation,asset value exposure,per capita GDP,and historical geological disaster density at both the township and county levels signifcantly afect regional rainfall-induced damage.The coefcients of the calibrated RDF indicate that doubling the values of these factors leads to varying increases or decreases in rainfall-induced damage.Furthermore,the study demonstrated a spatial scale dependency in the coefcients of the RDF,with increased elasticity values for asset value exposure and per capita GDP at the county level compared to the township level.The fndings emphasize the challenges of applying RDFs across multiple scales and highlight the importance of considering socioeconomic factors in assessing rainfall-induced damage.Despite the limitations and uncertainties of the RDF developed,this study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between physical and socioeconomic factors and rainfall-induced damage.Future research should prioritize enhancing exposure estimation and calibrating RDFs for various types of rainfall-induced disasters to improve model accuracy and performance.The study also acknowledges the variation in RDF performance across diferent physical environments,especially concerning geological disasters and slope stability.

中国亏损上市公司资产减值准备计提行为研究

文章以《企业会计制度》的颁布实施为背景,以2001～2003年亏损的上市公司为研究样本,对影响上市公司资产减值准备计提行为的两大因素———经济因素与盈余管理因素进行了研究。文章的研究得出结论:亏损上市公司资产减值准备的计提在一定程度上反映了公司所在行业和公司自身经营环境的不利变化。在控制经济因素的影响后,文章找到了亏损上市公司存在大清洗行为的证据。