In this paper,we report on the fabrication of a top-emitting electrophosphorescent p-i-n white organic lightemitting diode on the basis of a low-reflectivity Sm/Ag semi-transparent cathode together with a thickness-op...In this paper,we report on the fabrication of a top-emitting electrophosphorescent p-i-n white organic lightemitting diode on the basis of a low-reflectivity Sm/Ag semi-transparent cathode together with a thickness-optimized ZnS out-coupling layer.With a 24-nm out-coupling layer,the reflectivity of the cathode is reduced to 8% at 492 nm and the mean reflectivity is 24% in the visible area.By introducing an efficient electron blocking layer tris（1phenylpyrazolato,N,C2 ＇）iridium（III）（Ir（ppz） 3） to confine the exciton recombination area,the current efficiency and the colour stability of the device are effectively improved.A white emission with the Ir（ppz） 3 layer exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 9.8 cd/A at 8 V,and the Commission Internationale de L＇Eclairage（CIE） chromaticity coordinates are almost constant during a large voltage change of 6 V-11 V.There is almost no viewing angular dependence in the spectrum when the viewing angle is no more than 45,with a CIE x,y coordinate variation of only（±0.0025,±0.0008）.Even at a large viewing angle（75）,the CIE x,y coordinate change is as small as（±0.0087,±0.0013）.展开更多
依照现有的碳足迹核算方法,核算了从白毛条到精纺毛织物的工业碳足迹。结果显示高支纯毛面料在该阶段的碳足迹为7.31 kg CO2e/m布,其中电和蒸汽产生的碳足迹占比最大,超过85%。在毛条染色和纺纱阶段的碳足迹最大。除此之外,还计算出在...依照现有的碳足迹核算方法,核算了从白毛条到精纺毛织物的工业碳足迹。结果显示高支纯毛面料在该阶段的碳足迹为7.31 kg CO2e/m布,其中电和蒸汽产生的碳足迹占比最大,超过85%。在毛条染色和纺纱阶段的碳足迹最大。除此之外,还计算出在各个阶段的碳足迹值:毛条生产过程碳足迹为4.54 kg CO2e/kg毛条,纺纱过程中的碳足迹为7.78 kg CO2e/kg纱线,织造过程中的碳足迹为0.08 kg CO2e/m布,后整阶段的碳足迹为2.53 kg CO2e/m布,包装阶段的碳足迹为0.27 kg CO2e/m布。结果对于后期的比较研究有所借鉴,且完善了羊毛产品碳足迹的研究。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Science Fund of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China (Grant No. 2009CB930600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 60907047,61274065,and 60977024)+4 种基金the Key Project of the Chinese Ministryof Education (Grants Nos. 104246 and 707032)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education Institutions,China (Grant Nos. 20093223120003 and 20093223110003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province and the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China (Grants Nos. BK2009423,SJ209003,10KJB510013,and 11KJD510003)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation,China (Grant No. 111051)the "Qing Lan" Program of Jiangsu Province and the "Pandeng"Project of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China (Grant Nos. NY210015,NY211069,and NY210040)
文摘In this paper,we report on the fabrication of a top-emitting electrophosphorescent p-i-n white organic lightemitting diode on the basis of a low-reflectivity Sm/Ag semi-transparent cathode together with a thickness-optimized ZnS out-coupling layer.With a 24-nm out-coupling layer,the reflectivity of the cathode is reduced to 8% at 492 nm and the mean reflectivity is 24% in the visible area.By introducing an efficient electron blocking layer tris（1phenylpyrazolato,N,C2 ＇）iridium（III）（Ir（ppz） 3） to confine the exciton recombination area,the current efficiency and the colour stability of the device are effectively improved.A white emission with the Ir（ppz） 3 layer exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 9.8 cd/A at 8 V,and the Commission Internationale de L＇Eclairage（CIE） chromaticity coordinates are almost constant during a large voltage change of 6 V-11 V.There is almost no viewing angular dependence in the spectrum when the viewing angle is no more than 45,with a CIE x,y coordinate variation of only（±0.0025,±0.0008）.Even at a large viewing angle（75）,the CIE x,y coordinate change is as small as（±0.0087,±0.0013）.
文摘依照现有的碳足迹核算方法,核算了从白毛条到精纺毛织物的工业碳足迹。结果显示高支纯毛面料在该阶段的碳足迹为7.31 kg CO2e/m布,其中电和蒸汽产生的碳足迹占比最大,超过85%。在毛条染色和纺纱阶段的碳足迹最大。除此之外,还计算出在各个阶段的碳足迹值:毛条生产过程碳足迹为4.54 kg CO2e/kg毛条,纺纱过程中的碳足迹为7.78 kg CO2e/kg纱线,织造过程中的碳足迹为0.08 kg CO2e/m布,后整阶段的碳足迹为2.53 kg CO2e/m布,包装阶段的碳足迹为0.27 kg CO2e/m布。结果对于后期的比较研究有所借鉴,且完善了羊毛产品碳足迹的研究。
