Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosoc...Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used,non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)—in a comparative efficacy,randomized,open-label trial.Methods:Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas,USA,randomly assigned to receive six,weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment,traditional Chinese acupuncture,or TENS,in addition to usual care.Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013.Outcome measures were collected at intake,before and after each treatment session,and at a 1-month follow-up.Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout,with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group,time,and group×time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects.Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain,pain-related functional disability,and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depression.Results:On average,regardless of their treatment group,participants exhibited a 16%reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log[F(1,335)=55.7,P<0.0001]and an 11%reduction in pain-related disability measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale[MVAS:F(1,84)=28.3,P<0.0001]from baseline to the end of treatment,but no one treatment performed better than the other,and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month follow-up.Symptoms of PTSD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or group.Conclusions:Findings build on previous work suggesting that traditional Chinese acupuncture and TENS can reduce pain and its functional sequelae without risks associated with pharmacological pain management.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting performs as well as these other interventions.Based on the present findings,large,randomized controlled trials on the Tennant Biomodulator are indicated.Future work should test this device using its full range of settings for pain-related psychological health.Trial registration:Clincialtrials.gov(NCT01752010);registered December 14,2012.展开更多
We reviewed the literature on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)used as a therapy for overactive bladder(OAB)symptoms,with a particular focus on:stimulation site,stimuli parameters,neural structures tho...We reviewed the literature on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)used as a therapy for overactive bladder(OAB)symptoms,with a particular focus on:stimulation site,stimuli parameters,neural structures thought to be targeted,and the clinical and urodynamic outcomes achieved.The majority of studies used sacral or tibial nerve stimulation.The literature suggests that,whilst TENS therapy may have neuromodulation effects,patient are unlikely to benefit to a significant extent from a single application of TENS and indeed clear benefits from acute studies have not been reported.In long-term studies there were differences in the descriptions of stimulation intensity,strategy of the therapy,and positioning of the electrodes,as well as in the various symptoms and pathology of the patients.Additionally,most studies were uncontrolled and hence did not evaluate the placebo effect.Little is known about the underlying mechanism by which these therapies work and therefore exactly which structures need to be stimulated,and with what parameters.There is promising evidence for the efficacy of a transcutaneous stimulation approach,but adequate standardisation of stimulation criteria and outcome measures will be necessary to define the best way to administer this therapy and document its efficacy.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)on four specific acupuncture points Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Danshu(BL19)and Weishu(BL21)for reducing pain in labor.Me...Objective:To investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)on four specific acupuncture points Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Danshu(BL19)and Weishu(BL21)for reducing pain in labor.Methods:A total of 160 voluntary nulliparous women who were willing to receive TENS for analgesia were assigned to the treatment group after cervical dilation of more than 2 cm.Another 145 matched nullipara were recruited as the control group.Visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to assess the pain before and 0.5 h after the application of TENS.Then,VAS was assessed every one hour until delivery.Percentage of VAS score decreased by〉25%was the primary outcome,the delivery mode and neonatal outcome were measured as secondary outcomes.Adverse reactions were also recorded during TENS.Results:The percentage of VAS score decreased by〉25%was 68.6%in the TENS treatment group.Maternal delivery mode and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.In addition,the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the TENS treatment group was less than the control group(P〈0.05).There was no adverse reaction recorded with TENS on acupoints.Conclusion:As a novel and non-invasive approach,TENS on specific acupoints including Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Danshu(BL19)and Weishu(BL21)was an effective method for analgesia in labor.展开更多
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) has been widely used for sensory feedback which is a key consideration of improving the performance of prosthetic hands. Two-electrode discriminability is the key to r...Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) has been widely used for sensory feedback which is a key consideration of improving the performance of prosthetic hands. Two-electrode discriminability is the key to realize high-spatial-resolution TENS, but the neural firing mechanism is not clear yet. The goal of this research is to investigate the neural firing patterns under two-electrode stimulation and to reveal the potential mechanisms. A three-dimensional(3 D) model is established by incorporating Aβ fiber neuron clusters into a layered forearm structure. The diameters of the stimulating electrodes are selected as 5, 7, 9 and 12 mm, and the two-electrode discrimination distance(TEDD) is quantified. It is found that a distant TEDD is obtained for a relatively large electrode size, and 7 mm is suggested to be the optimal diameter of stimulating electrodes. The present study reveals the neural firing patterns under two-electrode stimulation by the 3 D TENS model. In order to discriminate individual electrodes under simultaneous stimulation, no crosstalk of activated Aβ fibers exists between two electrodes. This research can further guide the optimization of the electrode-array floorplan.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of transcutaneos tibial nerve stimulation(TTNS)in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome(BPS).Materials and methods:The data of 16 female patients,diagnosed...Background:This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of transcutaneos tibial nerve stimulation(TTNS)in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome(BPS).Materials and methods:The data of 16 female patients,diagnosed with BPS in our clinic between 2019 and 2021 and had TTNS twice a week for 12 weeks,were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 46.00±13.11 years,and the mean body mass index was 26.43±3.07 kg/m^(2).After the treatment,the median day time frequency of the patients decreased from 13.37(3.69)to 10.25(4.56)(p<0.001).Nocturia also decreased after treatment from 4.37(1.81)to 3.00(1.94)(p=0.001).The median voiding volume increased by 26.5 mL(p=0.001).The median of the patients'visual analog scale scores decreased after treatment(median of visual analog scale score changed from interquartile range 8[1]to 7[4])(p=0.001).In addition,the median interquartile range interstitial cystitis symptom index scores decreased from 17(4)to 15(10)(p=0.002).Conclusions:In this study it was demonstrated that TTNS is an alternative method that can be successfully applied before invasive methods in the treatment of BPS.展开更多
As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and pr...As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices.EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers(PPM)and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD),respectively.This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device,deep brain stimulators,spinal cord stimulators,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators,and throughout an array of procedures,such as endoscopy,bronchoscopy,and procedures involving electrocautery.Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures,there is a lack of large multicenter studies,and,as a result,current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience.We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function,review documented EMI effect on these devices,and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.展开更多
Objective:To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder(OAB)in children through network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library Central ...Objective:To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder(OAB)in children through network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)and the reference lists up to May 1st,2017.Data from eligible randomized controlled trails(RCT)studies including three different treatment options were extracted.The primary outcome was maximal voiding volume(MVV).We performed pairwise metaanalyses by random effects model and NMA by Bayesian model.We used the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE)framework to assess the quality of evidence contributing to each network estimate.Results:Six RCTs(462 patients)comparing three different interventions fulfilled the inclusion criteria.A low risk of bias was shown for the majority of the study items.The results of NMA showed that compared with antimuscarinic drugs,Parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was associated with significant improvement in the MVV(mean difference[MD]=58.50,95% confidential interval[CI]:45.95-69.52),followed by urotherapy group(MD=21.03,95%CI:11.85-29.97).When it comes to the constipation,antimuscarinic drugs exerted significant benefit than PTENS(odds ratio[OR]:0.22,95%CI:0.01-0.46).No significant difference was found between other treatments.Conclusion:Compared with antimuscarinic drugs,PTENS was associated with significant better efficacy considering MVV,but more constipation events in de novo OAB children.Antimuscarinic drugs showed remarkably better efficacy considering MVV and comparable safety profile compared with urotherapy.Clinicians should take all known safety and compliance of patients into account when choosing an optimal strategy.展开更多
Loss of sensory function for upper-limb amputees inevitably devastates their life qualities, and lack of reliable sensory feedback is the biggest defect to sophisticated prosthetic hands, greatly hindering their usefu...Loss of sensory function for upper-limb amputees inevitably devastates their life qualities, and lack of reliable sensory feedback is the biggest defect to sophisticated prosthetic hands, greatly hindering their usefulness and perceptual embodiment. Thus, it is extremely necessary to accomplish an intelligent prosthetic hand with effective tactile sensory feedback for an upper-limb amputee. This paper presents an overview of three kinds of existing sensory feedback approaches, including cutaneous mechanical stimulation(CMS), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and direct peripheral nerve electrical stimulation(DPNES). The emphasis concentrates on major scientific achievements, advantages and disadvantages. The TENS on the skin areas with evoked finger sensation(EFS) at upper-limb amputees' residual limbs might be one of the most promising approaches to realize natural sensory feedback.展开更多
Background The mechanism of acupuncture analgesia in craniotomy has been widely studied. However, the theoretical basis for selection of acupoints has not been examined. In this study, we used the regional homogeneit...Background The mechanism of acupuncture analgesia in craniotomy has been widely studied. However, the theoretical basis for selection of acupoints has not been examined. In this study, we used the regional homogeneity method blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals to determine changes in brain activity in response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints and non-acupoints in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. BOLD fMRI scanning of the brain was performed for 306 seconds before and 30 minutes after transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints UB63 (Jinmen), LV3 (Tai chong), ST36 (Zusanli), and GB40 (Qiuxu). The procedure was repeated after one week with stimulation on non-acupoints (one was 9 above BL67, the second was 12 above BL67 (Kunlun), the third was 7 above KI3, and the fourth was 10 above KI3 (Taixi)).Results The regional homogeneity in the acupoint group was increased in the left thalamus, caudate, putamen, lentiform nucleus (BA19, 30, 39), postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus (BA3, 4, 30, 32), calcarine fissure, middle temporal gyrus (BA30), right superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus (BA38), cuneus, and precuneus (BA7, 19) when compared to the non-acupoint group. The regional homogeneity of the acupoint group was decreased in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, middle frontal gyrus (BA10), double-side precuneus (BA7), and the postcentral gyrus (BA40).Conclusions The brain region activated following acupoint stimulation is the ipsilateral pain-related brain region, which may relate to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on pain relief. Further acupoint stimulation causes different central nervous responses compared to non-acupoint stimulation.展开更多
基金funding source was grant#W81XWH-06-2-0279 from the United States Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity through the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Centerwhich was provided to the Samueli Institutefunding was provided as a gift to the Samueli Institute by an anonymous donor with no conflicts of interest to declare。
文摘Background:The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator,a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation,to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used,non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)—in a comparative efficacy,randomized,open-label trial.Methods:Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas,USA,randomly assigned to receive six,weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment,traditional Chinese acupuncture,or TENS,in addition to usual care.Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013.Outcome measures were collected at intake,before and after each treatment session,and at a 1-month follow-up.Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout,with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group,time,and group×time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects.Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain,pain-related functional disability,and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and depression.Results:On average,regardless of their treatment group,participants exhibited a 16%reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log[F(1,335)=55.7,P<0.0001]and an 11%reduction in pain-related disability measured by the Million Visual Analog Scale[MVAS:F(1,84)=28.3,P<0.0001]from baseline to the end of treatment,but no one treatment performed better than the other,and the reductions in pain and pain-related disability were largely lost by 1-month follow-up.Symptoms of PTSD and depression did not change significantly as a function of time or group.Conclusions:Findings build on previous work suggesting that traditional Chinese acupuncture and TENS can reduce pain and its functional sequelae without risks associated with pharmacological pain management.The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting performs as well as these other interventions.Based on the present findings,large,randomized controlled trials on the Tennant Biomodulator are indicated.Future work should test this device using its full range of settings for pain-related psychological health.Trial registration:Clincialtrials.gov(NCT01752010);registered December 14,2012.
基金funded by the European Commission’s Research and Innovation Framework programme(Marie Curie Actions Initial Training Network)for the TRUST project(Training Urology Scientists to Develop Treatments)Grant Number 238541The study formed part of the project portfolio of the NIHR Devices for Dignity Healthcare Technology Cooperative.
文摘We reviewed the literature on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)used as a therapy for overactive bladder(OAB)symptoms,with a particular focus on:stimulation site,stimuli parameters,neural structures thought to be targeted,and the clinical and urodynamic outcomes achieved.The majority of studies used sacral or tibial nerve stimulation.The literature suggests that,whilst TENS therapy may have neuromodulation effects,patient are unlikely to benefit to a significant extent from a single application of TENS and indeed clear benefits from acute studies have not been reported.In long-term studies there were differences in the descriptions of stimulation intensity,strategy of the therapy,and positioning of the electrodes,as well as in the various symptoms and pathology of the patients.Additionally,most studies were uncontrolled and hence did not evaluate the placebo effect.Little is known about the underlying mechanism by which these therapies work and therefore exactly which structures need to be stimulated,and with what parameters.There is promising evidence for the efficacy of a transcutaneous stimulation approach,but adequate standardisation of stimulation criteria and outcome measures will be necessary to define the best way to administer this therapy and document its efficacy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30471820)the Foundation of Shanghai for Key Medical Subjects(No.05-Ⅲ016)
文摘Objective:To investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)on four specific acupuncture points Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Danshu(BL19)and Weishu(BL21)for reducing pain in labor.Methods:A total of 160 voluntary nulliparous women who were willing to receive TENS for analgesia were assigned to the treatment group after cervical dilation of more than 2 cm.Another 145 matched nullipara were recruited as the control group.Visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to assess the pain before and 0.5 h after the application of TENS.Then,VAS was assessed every one hour until delivery.Percentage of VAS score decreased by〉25%was the primary outcome,the delivery mode and neonatal outcome were measured as secondary outcomes.Adverse reactions were also recorded during TENS.Results:The percentage of VAS score decreased by〉25%was 68.6%in the TENS treatment group.Maternal delivery mode and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.In addition,the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage in the TENS treatment group was less than the control group(P〈0.05).There was no adverse reaction recorded with TENS on acupoints.Conclusion:As a novel and non-invasive approach,TENS on specific acupoints including Hegu(LI4),Neiguan(PC6),Danshu(BL19)and Weishu(BL21)was an effective method for analgesia in labor.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the National Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine and a grant from the NIDA,USA,DA 03983
文摘Thirty-two patients with spinally originated muscle spasticity were treated with a transcutaneous electrical nerve
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671801)the Innovation Studio Fund from School of Biomedical Engineering at Shanghai Jiao Tong Universitythe Medical-Engineering Cross Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2017MS53)
文摘Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) has been widely used for sensory feedback which is a key consideration of improving the performance of prosthetic hands. Two-electrode discriminability is the key to realize high-spatial-resolution TENS, but the neural firing mechanism is not clear yet. The goal of this research is to investigate the neural firing patterns under two-electrode stimulation and to reveal the potential mechanisms. A three-dimensional(3 D) model is established by incorporating Aβ fiber neuron clusters into a layered forearm structure. The diameters of the stimulating electrodes are selected as 5, 7, 9 and 12 mm, and the two-electrode discrimination distance(TEDD) is quantified. It is found that a distant TEDD is obtained for a relatively large electrode size, and 7 mm is suggested to be the optimal diameter of stimulating electrodes. The present study reveals the neural firing patterns under two-electrode stimulation by the 3 D TENS model. In order to discriminate individual electrodes under simultaneous stimulation, no crosstalk of activated Aβ fibers exists between two electrodes. This research can further guide the optimization of the electrode-array floorplan.
文摘Background:This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of transcutaneos tibial nerve stimulation(TTNS)in the treatment of bladder pain syndrome(BPS).Materials and methods:The data of 16 female patients,diagnosed with BPS in our clinic between 2019 and 2021 and had TTNS twice a week for 12 weeks,were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 46.00±13.11 years,and the mean body mass index was 26.43±3.07 kg/m^(2).After the treatment,the median day time frequency of the patients decreased from 13.37(3.69)to 10.25(4.56)(p<0.001).Nocturia also decreased after treatment from 4.37(1.81)to 3.00(1.94)(p=0.001).The median voiding volume increased by 26.5 mL(p=0.001).The median of the patients'visual analog scale scores decreased after treatment(median of visual analog scale score changed from interquartile range 8[1]to 7[4])(p=0.001).In addition,the median interquartile range interstitial cystitis symptom index scores decreased from 17(4)to 15(10)(p=0.002).Conclusions:In this study it was demonstrated that TTNS is an alternative method that can be successfully applied before invasive methods in the treatment of BPS.
文摘As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices.EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers(PPM)and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD),respectively.This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device,deep brain stimulators,spinal cord stimulators,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators,and throughout an array of procedures,such as endoscopy,bronchoscopy,and procedures involving electrocautery.Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures,there is a lack of large multicenter studies,and,as a result,current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience.We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function,review documented EMI effect on these devices,and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.
基金This study was supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award 2013,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81300627,81200551,81270841,81460148,81500522 and 81370855)Programs from Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant Nos.2013SZ0006 and 2014JY0219)+1 种基金International Cooperation Fund of Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2017HH0063)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2017M612971).
文摘Objective:To compare these managements focusing on the efficacy and safety to treat overactive bladder(OAB)in children through network meta-analysis(NMA).Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)and the reference lists up to May 1st,2017.Data from eligible randomized controlled trails(RCT)studies including three different treatment options were extracted.The primary outcome was maximal voiding volume(MVV).We performed pairwise metaanalyses by random effects model and NMA by Bayesian model.We used the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE)framework to assess the quality of evidence contributing to each network estimate.Results:Six RCTs(462 patients)comparing three different interventions fulfilled the inclusion criteria.A low risk of bias was shown for the majority of the study items.The results of NMA showed that compared with antimuscarinic drugs,Parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was associated with significant improvement in the MVV(mean difference[MD]=58.50,95% confidential interval[CI]:45.95-69.52),followed by urotherapy group(MD=21.03,95%CI:11.85-29.97).When it comes to the constipation,antimuscarinic drugs exerted significant benefit than PTENS(odds ratio[OR]:0.22,95%CI:0.01-0.46).No significant difference was found between other treatments.Conclusion:Compared with antimuscarinic drugs,PTENS was associated with significant better efficacy considering MVV,but more constipation events in de novo OAB children.Antimuscarinic drugs showed remarkably better efficacy considering MVV and comparable safety profile compared with urotherapy.Clinicians should take all known safety and compliance of patients into account when choosing an optimal strategy.
基金the National Basic Research Program(973) of China(No.2011CB013304)the Medical-Engineering Cross Project of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2013MS76)
文摘Loss of sensory function for upper-limb amputees inevitably devastates their life qualities, and lack of reliable sensory feedback is the biggest defect to sophisticated prosthetic hands, greatly hindering their usefulness and perceptual embodiment. Thus, it is extremely necessary to accomplish an intelligent prosthetic hand with effective tactile sensory feedback for an upper-limb amputee. This paper presents an overview of three kinds of existing sensory feedback approaches, including cutaneous mechanical stimulation(CMS), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and direct peripheral nerve electrical stimulation(DPNES). The emphasis concentrates on major scientific achievements, advantages and disadvantages. The TENS on the skin areas with evoked finger sensation(EFS) at upper-limb amputees' residual limbs might be one of the most promising approaches to realize natural sensory feedback.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Key Basic Research and Development Program "973" Project (No. 2007CB512503), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20070420403).Acknowledgements: The authors are highly grateful to Professor ZANG Yu-feng (State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University) for software support.
文摘Background The mechanism of acupuncture analgesia in craniotomy has been widely studied. However, the theoretical basis for selection of acupoints has not been examined. In this study, we used the regional homogeneity method blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals to determine changes in brain activity in response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints and non-acupoints in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. BOLD fMRI scanning of the brain was performed for 306 seconds before and 30 minutes after transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints UB63 (Jinmen), LV3 (Tai chong), ST36 (Zusanli), and GB40 (Qiuxu). The procedure was repeated after one week with stimulation on non-acupoints (one was 9 above BL67, the second was 12 above BL67 (Kunlun), the third was 7 above KI3, and the fourth was 10 above KI3 (Taixi)).Results The regional homogeneity in the acupoint group was increased in the left thalamus, caudate, putamen, lentiform nucleus (BA19, 30, 39), postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus (BA3, 4, 30, 32), calcarine fissure, middle temporal gyrus (BA30), right superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus (BA38), cuneus, and precuneus (BA7, 19) when compared to the non-acupoint group. The regional homogeneity of the acupoint group was decreased in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, middle frontal gyrus (BA10), double-side precuneus (BA7), and the postcentral gyrus (BA40).Conclusions The brain region activated following acupoint stimulation is the ipsilateral pain-related brain region, which may relate to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on pain relief. Further acupoint stimulation causes different central nervous responses compared to non-acupoint stimulation.