In boys, central precocious puberty (CPP) is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the trea...In boys, central precocious puberty (CPP) is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the treatment of CPP have been achieved. Because CPP is rare in boys, the majority of papers on this issue focus on girls and do not address specific features of male patients regarding end results and safety. In the present paper, recent advances of CPP management with GnRH analogs in men are summarized. End results in untreated and treated patients are also reviewed by an analysis of the recently published literature on treatment of CPP in men. The available data indicate that therapy with GnRH analogs can improve final height into the range of target height without significant adverse short-term and long-term effects, but longer follow-up of larger series of patients is still required to draw definitive conclusions.展开更多
目的:总结成人法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)的外科治疗经验,分析影响远期预后的因素。方法:2006年02月至2012年10月,共有65例成人TOF患者接受外科根治手术,其中男性30例,女性35例,年龄16~54岁,平均(26.70±10.50)岁,体质量3...目的:总结成人法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)的外科治疗经验,分析影响远期预后的因素。方法:2006年02月至2012年10月,共有65例成人TOF患者接受外科根治手术,其中男性30例,女性35例,年龄16~54岁,平均(26.70±10.50)岁,体质量35~65kg,平均(43.70±8.40)kg,术前血氧饱和度65%~95%,平均(75.40±12.60)%,血红蛋白135~247g/L,平均(164.30±35.10)g/L。术前经超声心动图、双源CT心脏大血管成像(CTA)确诊。均经胸骨正中切口,低温体外循环下行TOF根治术,42例行右心室流出道补片加宽,23例采用跨瓣环补片加宽肺动脉和右心室流出道,其中2例合并中-重度主动脉瓣关闭不全,同期行主动脉瓣置换术,1例合并三尖瓣狭窄行三尖瓣置换术。结果:体外循环时间70~162min,平均(94.60±25.30)min,主动脉阻断时间36~94min,平均(53.40±20.50)min,手术时间153~264min,平均(210.60±38.70)min。该组患者死亡2例,病死率3.1%,均死于多脏器衰竭。低心排出量综合征(低心排)7例(10.8%);6例出现灌注肺(9.2%),4例行体肺侧枝栓塞术;再次气管插管3例(4.6%),气管切开2例(3.1%);二次开胸止血4例(6.2%);胸腔积液12例(18.5%);心律失常8例(12.3%)。随访60例,随访时间6~63个月,平均(23.70±8.20)个月,4例术后6个月发现室间隔缺损残余漏(6.2%),2例行二次手术,其中1例开胸行修补手术,另1例行封堵术。肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差>40 mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)4例,重度肺动脉瓣反流3例,三尖瓣中度反流2例。1例术后18个月出现频发室性早搏。60例患者心功能(NYHA)均恢复至I^II级,无晚期死亡。结论:成人TOF手术治疗效果满意,积极采取相应措施,可降低并发症并改善预后。展开更多
文摘In boys, central precocious puberty (CPP) is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the treatment of CPP have been achieved. Because CPP is rare in boys, the majority of papers on this issue focus on girls and do not address specific features of male patients regarding end results and safety. In the present paper, recent advances of CPP management with GnRH analogs in men are summarized. End results in untreated and treated patients are also reviewed by an analysis of the recently published literature on treatment of CPP in men. The available data indicate that therapy with GnRH analogs can improve final height into the range of target height without significant adverse short-term and long-term effects, but longer follow-up of larger series of patients is still required to draw definitive conclusions.
文摘目的:总结成人法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)的外科治疗经验,分析影响远期预后的因素。方法:2006年02月至2012年10月,共有65例成人TOF患者接受外科根治手术,其中男性30例,女性35例,年龄16~54岁,平均(26.70±10.50)岁,体质量35~65kg,平均(43.70±8.40)kg,术前血氧饱和度65%~95%,平均(75.40±12.60)%,血红蛋白135~247g/L,平均(164.30±35.10)g/L。术前经超声心动图、双源CT心脏大血管成像(CTA)确诊。均经胸骨正中切口,低温体外循环下行TOF根治术,42例行右心室流出道补片加宽,23例采用跨瓣环补片加宽肺动脉和右心室流出道,其中2例合并中-重度主动脉瓣关闭不全,同期行主动脉瓣置换术,1例合并三尖瓣狭窄行三尖瓣置换术。结果:体外循环时间70~162min,平均(94.60±25.30)min,主动脉阻断时间36~94min,平均(53.40±20.50)min,手术时间153~264min,平均(210.60±38.70)min。该组患者死亡2例,病死率3.1%,均死于多脏器衰竭。低心排出量综合征(低心排)7例(10.8%);6例出现灌注肺(9.2%),4例行体肺侧枝栓塞术;再次气管插管3例(4.6%),气管切开2例(3.1%);二次开胸止血4例(6.2%);胸腔积液12例(18.5%);心律失常8例(12.3%)。随访60例,随访时间6~63个月,平均(23.70±8.20)个月,4例术后6个月发现室间隔缺损残余漏(6.2%),2例行二次手术,其中1例开胸行修补手术,另1例行封堵术。肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差>40 mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)4例,重度肺动脉瓣反流3例,三尖瓣中度反流2例。1例术后18个月出现频发室性早搏。60例患者心功能(NYHA)均恢复至I^II级,无晚期死亡。结论:成人TOF手术治疗效果满意,积极采取相应措施,可降低并发症并改善预后。