Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of th...Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China.However,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking.Methods A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns.Results A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated cases.Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<0.001.The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission.Despite the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023–1.954;P=0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains.Conclusion Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.展开更多
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are co...Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.展开更多
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease and its control is considered a challenge, particularly among vulnerable populations such as prisoners. The prevalence of TB in prisons is an alarming public health pr...Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease and its control is considered a challenge, particularly among vulnerable populations such as prisoners. The prevalence of TB in prisons is an alarming public health problem in many countries. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis and the strategies for controlling this disease in the Chadian prison population. During the course of our study, the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons was 9.64%. The age group between 55 years and over (43.33%) was the most represented in this study, and all patients were men with a frequency of 62.66%. The cross-tabulation of Culture_7H9G and Culture_7H9P showed that out of our total positive sample, we found a total of 87 positive strains and 63 negative strains. Our study shows that it is essential to know the prevalence of tuberculosis in all the country’s prisons. Indeed, this can serve as an indication of the need for action in prisons to reduce TB rates, in particular by improving the structure of prison environments, diagnosing new cases quickly and accurately, identifying drug-resistant strains and implementing effective, direct treatment observed in people with tuberculosis.展开更多
Background: Tuberculous endocarditis is a rare but serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery. We report the case of a 24-year-old patient, who presented with tuberculous endocarditis after mechanical mit...Background: Tuberculous endocarditis is a rare but serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery. We report the case of a 24-year-old patient, who presented with tuberculous endocarditis after mechanical mitral valve replacement, with a favorable clinical course following anti-tuberculosis treatment. Case Presentation: We report a 24-year-old male patient, admitted to the cardiac surgery department of the Fann Hospital (Dakar, Senegal), for the management of severe mixed (rheumatic and endocarditic) mitral insufficiency with associated tricuspid insufficiency. He had a history of recurrent angina and polyarthralgia in childhood, was hospitalized several times for refractory global cardiac decompensation, and for a suspected infective endocarditis a month before his admission. On admission, the clinical examination revealed signs suggestive of mitral and tricuspid insufficiency. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe post-endocarditic mitral insufficiency with A3 amputation, highly mobile 15 mm vegetations on the free edge of the large valve, moderate tricuspid insufficiency, and severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Mechanical mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty using autologous pericardial strip were performed via median sternotomy. After ten days, the patient presented with global cardiac decompensation associated with a clinico-biological infectious syndrome, and tans-oesophageal echography revealed an abscess at the sinotubular junction, communicating with the aorta. A thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan was done, which revealed a bilateral alveolar-interstitial syndrome with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Anti-tuberculosis treatment with RHZE was initiated for 06 months. The clinical course was favorable. Conclusion: Tuberculous endocarditis in prostheses is a serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery, which may evolve favorably under medical treatment.展开更多
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,that seriously endangers human health.Skeletal tuberculosis is the most common type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous arth...Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,that seriously endangers human health.Skeletal tuberculosis is the most common type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous arthritis is the second most common type of skeletal tuberculosis.We report a case series of patients with tuberculous arthritis,two of whom had no joint disease in the past and presented as monoarthritis.The final patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis,with polyarthritis that was aggravated during treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs.This series of cases can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate infection control measures.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the mutation characteristics of inhA and katG genes in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Xinjiang.Methods:The katG and inhA in 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tube...Objective:To analyze the mutation characteristics of inhA and katG genes in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Xinjiang.Methods:The katG and inhA in 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis were amplified through fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the amplified products were sequenced and compared.Results:The inhA gene mutation rate of 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis was 13.51%(20/148),among which the inhA gene mutation rate among patients of Han,Uygur,and Kazakh ethnicity were 15.87%,13.21%,and 17.65%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the inhA mutation rate among nationalities(c^(2)=2.897,P>0.05).The mutation rate of the katG gene was 84.46%(125/148),among which the mutation rates of patients of Han,Uyghur,and Kazak ethnicities were 82.54%,84.91%,and 76.47%,respectively.The Hui and other ethnic groups were all affected by the katG gene mutation.There was no significant difference in the mutation rate of the katG gene among different ethnicities(c^(2)=3.772,P>0.05).The mutation rates of the inhA gene in southern Xinjiang,northern Xinjiang,and other provinces were 18.60%,9.28%,and 37.50%,respectively.The mutation rates of the inhA gene in different regions were statistically different(c^(2)=6.381,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the inhA mutation rate between patients from southern and northern Xinjiang(c^(2)=2.214,P>0.05)and between southern Xinjiang and other provinces(c^(2)=1.424,P>0.05).However,the mutation rate of the inhA gene in patients from other provinces was higher than that in northern Xinjiang(c^(2)=5.539,P<0.05).The mutation rates of the katG gene in southern Xinjiang,northern Xinjiang,and other provinces were 81.40%,87.63%,and 62.50%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the mutation rates of the katG gene among different regions(c^(2)=3.989,P>0.05).Conclusion:katG gene mutation was predominant in isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and inhA and katG gene mutation were no different among different ethnic groups.展开更多
BACKGROUND The thoracic wall lesions,particularly chest wall tuberculosis,and chest wall tumors and other pyogenic wall and actinomycetes infections,almost always present as a diagnostic challenge.AIM To explore the v...BACKGROUND The thoracic wall lesions,particularly chest wall tuberculosis,and chest wall tumors and other pyogenic wall and actinomycetes infections,almost always present as a diagnostic challenge.AIM To explore the value of ultrasound-guided biopsy combined with the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/resistance to rifampin(MTB/RIF)assay to diagnose chest wall tuberculosis.METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients with chest wall lesions from March 2018 to March 2021.All patients received the ultrasound-guided biopsy for pathology examination,acid-fast Bacillus staining,mycobacterial culture,and Xpert MTB/RIF analysis.The sensitivity,specificity,and area under the curve(AUC)were calculated for these diagnostic tests,either individually or combined.Rifampicin resistance results were compared between the mycobacterial culture and the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.RESULTS In 31 patients with the chest wall lesion biopsy,22 patients were diagnosed with chest wall tuberculosis.Of them,3,6,and 21 patients tested positive for mycobacterial culture,acid-fast stain,and Xpert MTB/RIF assay,respectively.The rifampicin resistance results of the 3 culture-positive patients were consistent with their Xpert MTB/RIF assay results.When considering the sensitivity,specificity,and AUC value,the Xpert MTB/RIF assay(95.5%,88.9%,and 0.92,respectively)was a better choice than the acid-fast Bacillus stain(27.3%,100.0%,and 0.64,respectively)and mycobacterial culture(13.6%,100.0%,0.57,respectively).No complications were reported during the procedure.CONCLUSION Ultrasound guided biopsy combined with Xpert MTB/RIF has high value in the diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis,and can also detect rifampicin resistance.展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(MTB).It is the second largest single cause of death besides novel coronavirus pneumonia.Along with the abuse of antibiotics and exte...Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(MTB).It is the second largest single cause of death besides novel coronavirus pneumonia.Along with the abuse of antibiotics and extensive use of anti-tuberculosis drugs,multidrug-resistant(MDR)TB,drug-resistant(XDR)TB and totally drug-resistant(TDR)TB became obstacles to the tuberculosis eradication worldwide.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)statistics,China is not only a high burden tuberculosis country in the world,but also a country with a serious epidemic of MDR.Traditional drugs fail to meet the needs of tuberculosis control.Therefore,it is urgent to find new targets of anti-tuberculosis drugs and develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs.Hence,this paper systematically summarizes the mechanism of traditional and newly developed anti-tuberculosis drugs,in which stressing the research progress of drug resistance mechanisms.This work provides us with new insights of new anti-tuberculosis drug developments,and may contribute to a reduction in the harm that tuberculosis brings to society.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of katG and inhA gene mutations in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (preXDR-TB), and their correlation with resistanc...Objective: To investigate the characteristics of katG and inhA gene mutations in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (preXDR-TB), and their correlation with resistance to protionamide (Pto). Methods: A total of 229 patients with MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB diagnosed in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to February 2024 were selected to analyze the characteristics of katG and inhA mutations in MTB clinical isolates and their correlation with Pto resistance. Results: The mutation rate of katG (with or without inhA mutation) was 85.2%. The mutation rates in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB were 87.4% (125/143) and 81.4% (70/86), respectively. The mutation rate of inhA (including katG mutation) was 14.8% (34/229), which was 12.6% (18/143) and 18.6% (16/86) in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-MTB, respectively. There was no difference in mutation (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The total resistance rate to Pto in 229 strains was 8.7% (20/229), which was 8.4% (12/143) and 9.3% (8/86) in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB, respectively. Among the inhA mutant strains, 13 were resistant to the Pto phenotype, and the resistance rate was 65% (13/20). In MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB strains resistant to Pto, inhA gene mutations occurred in 66.7% (6/9) and 63.6% (7/11), respectively. The resistance rates of MDR-MTB and pre-XDR-TB strains without inhA gene mutation to Pto were 2.4% (3/125) and 5.7% (4/70), respectively.展开更多
The serine proteases of Mycobacteria tuberculosis(Mtb)are important contributors to the process of bacterial invasion and its pathogenesis.In the present study,we systematically characterized the role of the Rv1043c p...The serine proteases of Mycobacteria tuberculosis(Mtb)are important contributors to the process of bacterial invasion and its pathogenesis.In the present study,we systematically characterized the role of the Rv1043c protein in Mycobacterium infection by purifying the Rv1043c protein in Escherichia coli and constructing a Mycobacterium smegmatis(Msg)strain overexpressing Rv1043c(Msg_Rv1043c).We found that Rv1043c had serine protease activity and localized to the surface of Mtb.We determined that the optimal pH and temperature for the Rv1043c serine protease were 9.0 and 45°C,respectively.Moreover,the serine protease activity of Rv1043c was enhanced by divalent metal ions of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+).Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the serine 279 residue in Rv1043c plays a catalytic role.Additionally,mouse model studies confirmed that Rv1043c significantly enhanced the survival of Msg in vivo,induced pulmonary injury and lung cell apoptosis,and promoted the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 in mice.This study presents novel insights into the relationship between mycobacterial serine protease and the pathogenesis of the disease.展开更多
Drug-resistant(DR) tuberculosis(TB) is a growing threat to public health[1]. Fluoroquinolone(FQ) antibiotics have long been used as anti-tuberculosis drugs, and their widespread application has led to the development ...Drug-resistant(DR) tuberculosis(TB) is a growing threat to public health[1]. Fluoroquinolone(FQ) antibiotics have long been used as anti-tuberculosis drugs, and their widespread application has led to the development of resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC).展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB),caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC),is the 13^(th)leading cause of death and the second leading cause of infectious killer after COVID-19(above HIV and AIDS),according to the World ...Tuberculosis(TB),caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC),is the 13^(th)leading cause of death and the second leading cause of infectious killer after COVID-19(above HIV and AIDS),according to the World Health Organization's 2022 Global TB Report.In 2021,10.6 million people were diagnosed with a new episode of TB and 1.6 million people died as a result.展开更多
Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)can replicate in the macrophage by interfering with many host protein functions.While it is far from known these host proteins for controlling M.tuberculosis infection.Herein,...Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)can replicate in the macrophage by interfering with many host protein functions.While it is far from known these host proteins for controlling M.tuberculosis infection.Herein,we infected macrophages including THP-1 and Raw264.7 cells with M.tuberculosis and identified the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the interferon signaling pathway.Among them,2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase-like(OASL)underwent the greatest upregulation in M.tuberculosis-infected macrophages.Knockdown of the expression of OASL attenuated M.tuberculosis survival in macrophages.Further,bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential interaction axis of OASL-TAB3-RvO127,which was further validated by the yeast-two-hybrid(Y2H)assay and Co-IP.This interaction axis might regulate the M.tuberculosis survival and proliferation in macrophages.The study reveals a possible role of OASL during M.tuberculosis infection as a target to control its propagation.展开更多
Microscopy-positive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MPT+) is one of the most feared diseases due to the cost of its management and the associated mortality. The GeneXpert, a new molecular test, is in greate...Microscopy-positive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MPT+) is one of the most feared diseases due to the cost of its management and the associated mortality. The GeneXpert, a new molecular test, is in greater demand for the diagnosis of MPT+ resistance cases. The application of GeneXpert to new cases of MPT+ is not effective in the country’s TB screening centres. The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of GeneXpert to the determination of MPT+ resistance cases in Bangui. The study was cross-sectional and covered the period from February to July 2022. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was first performed by microscopy with Ziehl Neelsen hot stain. The GeneXpert was then used to test for resistance in the sputum of all patients with positive microscopy. The collected data was entered into Excel 2013 and analysed with Epi Info 3.3.7. We analysed data from 755 patients, 80 of whom had resistance. The 80 patients ranged in age from 6 to 68 years (mean age = 35 years). The prevalence of resistant TB was 10.60% (80/755). Primary resistance accounted for 73.75% and secondary resistance for 26.25%. The age group 20 - 39 years (57.50%), male (72.50%), 8th district (17.50%), people living in couples (53.75%), farmers (13.75%) were the socio-demographic characteristics most affected by resistance. Treatment failure (13.75%), relapses (13.75%), the notion of contagion (28.75%), a history of smoking (40%) and alcohol (61.25%) were the clinical antecedents reported by the patients. Treatment failure and relapse were the variables associated with the occurrence of resistant PMT+ (p 0.05). A considerable proportion of the overall Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs (10.60%) was identified by GeneXpert. Treatment failure and relapse were the factors associated with the risk of resistance.展开更多
Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Looking at the evolution of the bacterium gene due to mutation is crucial to identify species circulating among patients in an area. W...Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Looking at the evolution of the bacterium gene due to mutation is crucial to identify species circulating among patients in an area. WHO speculated that tuberculosis is caused by M. tuberculosis (MTB), but identification of the strains of MTB circulating in a particular area is important for the management of MTB and to identify pulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacterium. Contact tracing of drug resistant MTB in circulation in an area is also an important procedure of MTB therapeutic choice. Aim: This study aimed to isolate and identify Mycobacterium species circulating in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 sputum samples collected from MTB patients were cultured in Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) solid media. Isolates on LJ media were confirmed using Zeihl Nelseen staining method for AFB and Standard Diagnosis Bioline TB Ag MPT64 Rapid test kit. The 16s rRNA gene amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gene sequencing were conducted. Phylogenic analysis and evolutional distances of the strains are computed using the Juke-cantor method. Result: Out of 102 sputum samples examined 15 (14.7%) had growth of Mycobacterium species (AFB positive). The extracted DNA of MTB amplified on agarose gel electrophoresis aligned horizontally at lanes 1 - 15 showing 16S gene band (1500 bp). Two 2 (2.0%) are non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria species, while 13 (12.7%) were M. tuberculosis. The non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium species isolated are Mycobacteriode abscesses and Mycobacterium kansassii strain FDAARGOS 1534. The tuberculosis strains are Mycobacterium tuberculosis MG003 and R2092 but the predominant strain was MG003. The degree of the genetic evolution of the non-MTB Mycobacterium kansassii strain FDAARGOS 1534 was 75.4%. Conclusion: The two major strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in Bayelsa State are MTB MG003 and MTB R2092;MTB MG003 was predominant. The non-tuberculosis species are Mycobacteriode abscesses and Mycobacterium kansasii.展开更多
Objective:To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis infection and its associated risks in children under fifteen years of age.Methods:Based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Surve...Objective:To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis infection and its associated risks in children under fifteen years of age.Methods:Based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey(RISKESDAS 2018),this cross-sectional study employed M.tuberculosis infection in children as a dependent variable and age level,sex,region,location,family case positive,and smoking as independent variables.Geospatial analysis was applied to show the prevalence of M.tuberculosis infection and multivariate regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of getting the infection among children under 15 years of age.Results:Prevalence ranges of M.tuberculosis infection among children aged 0-14 years,babies(age<12 months),toddlers(age 12-59 months),and children aged between 5 and 14 years were 0.03%to 0.57%,0%to 0.64%,0%to 0.78%,and 0.01%to 0.53%,respectively in Indonesia.A high prevalence of M.tuberculosis infection among children under 15 years of age was found in Papua and other provinces,such as Kalimantan and Java.Contacting with tuberculosis family members was positively associated with M.tuberculosis infection in children as shown by multivariate logistic regression(OR 8.94;95%CI 5.4-14.6,P<0.05).Conclusions:Contacting with family member who has tuberculosis is related with M.tuberculosis infection among children in Indonesia.Therefore,screening the household for contact with tuberculosis patients is a preventive treatment for children.展开更多
Tuberculosis disease stands for the second leading cause of death worldwide after COVID-19, most active tuberculosis cases result from the reactivation of latent TB infection through impairment of immune response. Sev...Tuberculosis disease stands for the second leading cause of death worldwide after COVID-19, most active tuberculosis cases result from the reactivation of latent TB infection through impairment of immune response. Several factors are known to sustain that process.Schistosoma mansoni, a parasite of the helminth genus that possesses switching power from an immune profile type Th1 to Th2 that favors reactivation of latent TB bacteria. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the co-infection between the two endemic infections. Systematic literature was contacted at the University Clinical Research Center at the University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako in Mali. Original articles were included, and full texts were reviewed to assess the prevalence and better understand the immunological changes that occur during the co-infection. In total, 3530 original articles were retrieved through database search, 53 were included in the qualitative analysis, and data from 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of the co-infection ranged from 4% to 34% in the literature. Most of the articles reported that immunity against infection with helminth parasite and more specifically Schistosoma mansoni infection enhances latent TB reactivation through Th1/Th2. In sum, the impact of Schistosoma mansoni co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is under-investigated. Understanding the role of this endemic tropical parasite as a contributing factor to TB epidemiology and burden could help integrate its elimination as one of the strategies to achieve the END-TB objectives by the year 2035.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the utility of immunohistochemical(IHC) staining with an antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis(TB).METHODS:We retrospectively identified...AIM:To investigate the utility of immunohistochemical(IHC) staining with an antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis(TB).METHODS:We retrospectively identified 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;mean age = 65.1 ± 13.6 years) with intestinal TB.Clinical characteristics,including age,gender,underlying disease,and symptoms were obtained.Chest radiograph and laboratory tests,including sputum Ziehl-Neelsen(ZN) staining,M.tuberculosis culture,and sputum polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for tubercle bacilli DNA,as well as Tuberculin skin test(TST) and QuantiFERON-TB gold test(QFT),were examined.Colonoscopic records recorded on the basis of Sato's classification were also reviewed,in addition to data from intestinal biopsies examined for histopathological findings,including hematoxylin and eosin staining,and ZN staining,as well as M.tuberculosis culture,and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA.For the present study,archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) intestinal tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained using a commercially available species-specific monoclonal antibody to the 38-kDa antigen of the M.tuberculosis complex.These sections were also stained with the pan-macrophage marker CD68 antibody.RESULTS:From the clinical data,we found that no patients were immunocompromised,and that the main symptoms were diarrhea and weight loss.Three patients displayed active pulmonary TB,six patients(60%) had a positive TST,and 4 patients(40%) had a positive QFT.Colonoscopic findings revealed that all patients had type 1 findings(linear ulcers in a circumferential arrangement or linear ulcers arranged circumferentially with mucosa showing multiple nodules),all of which were located in the right hemicolon and/or terminal ileum.Seven patients(70%) had concomitant healed lesions in the ileocecal area.No acid-fast bacilli were detected with ZN staining of the intestinal tissue samples,and both M.tuberculosis culture and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA were negative in all samples.The histopathological data revealed that tuberculous granulomas were present in 4 cases(40%).IHC staining in archived FFPE samples with anti-M.tuberculosis monoclonal antibody revealed positive findings in 4 patients(40%);the same patients in which granulomas were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.M.tuberculosis antigens were found to be mostly intracellular,granular in pattern,and primarily located in the CD68 + macrophages of the granulomas.CONCLUSION:IHC staining with a monoclonal antibody to M.tuberculosis may be an efficient and simple diagnostic tool in addition to classic examination methods for the diagnosis of intestinal TB.展开更多
Resuscitation promoting factor E (RpfE) is one of the five Rpf-like proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculos& (M. tuberculosis). These Rpf-like proteins are secretory, which make them candidates for recognition by th...Resuscitation promoting factor E (RpfE) is one of the five Rpf-like proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculos& (M. tuberculosis). These Rpf-like proteins are secretory, which make them candidates for recognition by the host immune system. In this study, the RpfE gene was amplified from M. tuberculosis, cloned into the expression vectors pDE22 and pPRO EXHT, and were expressed in Mycobacterium vaccae (M. vaccae) and Escherichia coli DHSa, respec- tively. Both recombinant RpfE proteins were purified by Ni-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and were given to C57BL/6 mice. The RpfE proteins elicited T cell proliferation, and stimulated the production of gamma interferon (IFN-y), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12. Our results indicated that the RpfE protein expressed in M. vaccae could more efficiently stimulate cellular immune response, making it a promising candidate as a subunit vaccine.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs),small non-coding RNAs,play important roles in regulating host defense against pathogenic infections.This review provides information on the role of miRNAs in the antimycobacterial immune response and...MicroRNAs(miRNAs),small non-coding RNAs,play important roles in regulating host defense against pathogenic infections.This review provides information on the role of miRNAs in the antimycobacterial immune response and summarizes their possible diagnostic utility.It was compiled using scientific literature retrieved from such databases as PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,Google Scholar,and PubMed Central.Relevant articles published in the English language until December 2020 were taken into consideration.It has been revealed that specific host miRNAs induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis can target diverse factors and pathways in immune signaling to ensure longer pathogen survival inside the phagocytes.The potential use of miRNAs in tuberculosis diagnosis or therapeutic strategies has been attracting increasing attention in recent years.However,despite considerable efforts devoted to miRNA profiling,further studies are needed to elucidate the full potential of miRNAs as novel tuberculosis biomarkers or therapeutic targets.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China [2022YFC2305200]Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [2021A01D145 and 2022D01A115]Applied Technology Research and Development Programing Project of Kashgar Prefecture [KS2021031 and KS2021034]。
文摘Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China.However,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking.Methods A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns.Results A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated cases.Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<0.001.The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission.Despite the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023–1.954;P=0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains.Conclusion Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.
文摘Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.
文摘Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease and its control is considered a challenge, particularly among vulnerable populations such as prisoners. The prevalence of TB in prisons is an alarming public health problem in many countries. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis and the strategies for controlling this disease in the Chadian prison population. During the course of our study, the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons was 9.64%. The age group between 55 years and over (43.33%) was the most represented in this study, and all patients were men with a frequency of 62.66%. The cross-tabulation of Culture_7H9G and Culture_7H9P showed that out of our total positive sample, we found a total of 87 positive strains and 63 negative strains. Our study shows that it is essential to know the prevalence of tuberculosis in all the country’s prisons. Indeed, this can serve as an indication of the need for action in prisons to reduce TB rates, in particular by improving the structure of prison environments, diagnosing new cases quickly and accurately, identifying drug-resistant strains and implementing effective, direct treatment observed in people with tuberculosis.
文摘Background: Tuberculous endocarditis is a rare but serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery. We report the case of a 24-year-old patient, who presented with tuberculous endocarditis after mechanical mitral valve replacement, with a favorable clinical course following anti-tuberculosis treatment. Case Presentation: We report a 24-year-old male patient, admitted to the cardiac surgery department of the Fann Hospital (Dakar, Senegal), for the management of severe mixed (rheumatic and endocarditic) mitral insufficiency with associated tricuspid insufficiency. He had a history of recurrent angina and polyarthralgia in childhood, was hospitalized several times for refractory global cardiac decompensation, and for a suspected infective endocarditis a month before his admission. On admission, the clinical examination revealed signs suggestive of mitral and tricuspid insufficiency. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe post-endocarditic mitral insufficiency with A3 amputation, highly mobile 15 mm vegetations on the free edge of the large valve, moderate tricuspid insufficiency, and severe pulmonary artery hypertension. Mechanical mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve annuloplasty using autologous pericardial strip were performed via median sternotomy. After ten days, the patient presented with global cardiac decompensation associated with a clinico-biological infectious syndrome, and tans-oesophageal echography revealed an abscess at the sinotubular junction, communicating with the aorta. A thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan was done, which revealed a bilateral alveolar-interstitial syndrome with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Anti-tuberculosis treatment with RHZE was initiated for 06 months. The clinical course was favorable. Conclusion: Tuberculous endocarditis in prostheses is a serious complication of heart valve replacement surgery, which may evolve favorably under medical treatment.
文摘Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,that seriously endangers human health.Skeletal tuberculosis is the most common type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous arthritis is the second most common type of skeletal tuberculosis.We report a case series of patients with tuberculous arthritis,two of whom had no joint disease in the past and presented as monoarthritis.The final patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis,with polyarthritis that was aggravated during treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs.This series of cases can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate infection control measures.
基金Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Health Youth Medical Science and Technology Talents Special Project(Project number:WJW-202116)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the mutation characteristics of inhA and katG genes in isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Xinjiang.Methods:The katG and inhA in 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis were amplified through fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the amplified products were sequenced and compared.Results:The inhA gene mutation rate of 148 strains of isoniazid-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis was 13.51%(20/148),among which the inhA gene mutation rate among patients of Han,Uygur,and Kazakh ethnicity were 15.87%,13.21%,and 17.65%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the inhA mutation rate among nationalities(c^(2)=2.897,P>0.05).The mutation rate of the katG gene was 84.46%(125/148),among which the mutation rates of patients of Han,Uyghur,and Kazak ethnicities were 82.54%,84.91%,and 76.47%,respectively.The Hui and other ethnic groups were all affected by the katG gene mutation.There was no significant difference in the mutation rate of the katG gene among different ethnicities(c^(2)=3.772,P>0.05).The mutation rates of the inhA gene in southern Xinjiang,northern Xinjiang,and other provinces were 18.60%,9.28%,and 37.50%,respectively.The mutation rates of the inhA gene in different regions were statistically different(c^(2)=6.381,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the inhA mutation rate between patients from southern and northern Xinjiang(c^(2)=2.214,P>0.05)and between southern Xinjiang and other provinces(c^(2)=1.424,P>0.05).However,the mutation rate of the inhA gene in patients from other provinces was higher than that in northern Xinjiang(c^(2)=5.539,P<0.05).The mutation rates of the katG gene in southern Xinjiang,northern Xinjiang,and other provinces were 81.40%,87.63%,and 62.50%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the mutation rates of the katG gene among different regions(c^(2)=3.989,P>0.05).Conclusion:katG gene mutation was predominant in isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and inhA and katG gene mutation were no different among different ethnic groups.
文摘BACKGROUND The thoracic wall lesions,particularly chest wall tuberculosis,and chest wall tumors and other pyogenic wall and actinomycetes infections,almost always present as a diagnostic challenge.AIM To explore the value of ultrasound-guided biopsy combined with the Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/resistance to rifampin(MTB/RIF)assay to diagnose chest wall tuberculosis.METHODS We performed a retrospective study of patients with chest wall lesions from March 2018 to March 2021.All patients received the ultrasound-guided biopsy for pathology examination,acid-fast Bacillus staining,mycobacterial culture,and Xpert MTB/RIF analysis.The sensitivity,specificity,and area under the curve(AUC)were calculated for these diagnostic tests,either individually or combined.Rifampicin resistance results were compared between the mycobacterial culture and the Xpert MTB/RIF assay.RESULTS In 31 patients with the chest wall lesion biopsy,22 patients were diagnosed with chest wall tuberculosis.Of them,3,6,and 21 patients tested positive for mycobacterial culture,acid-fast stain,and Xpert MTB/RIF assay,respectively.The rifampicin resistance results of the 3 culture-positive patients were consistent with their Xpert MTB/RIF assay results.When considering the sensitivity,specificity,and AUC value,the Xpert MTB/RIF assay(95.5%,88.9%,and 0.92,respectively)was a better choice than the acid-fast Bacillus stain(27.3%,100.0%,and 0.64,respectively)and mycobacterial culture(13.6%,100.0%,0.57,respectively).No complications were reported during the procedure.CONCLUSION Ultrasound guided biopsy combined with Xpert MTB/RIF has high value in the diagnosis of chest wall tuberculosis,and can also detect rifampicin resistance.
基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi province(No.202103021223339,20210302124435)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-175)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Datong University(No.2019Q2,2019Q4)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Shanxi Datong University(No.2018-B-13,2018-B-28)。
文摘Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis(MTB).It is the second largest single cause of death besides novel coronavirus pneumonia.Along with the abuse of antibiotics and extensive use of anti-tuberculosis drugs,multidrug-resistant(MDR)TB,drug-resistant(XDR)TB and totally drug-resistant(TDR)TB became obstacles to the tuberculosis eradication worldwide.According to the World Health Organization(WHO)statistics,China is not only a high burden tuberculosis country in the world,but also a country with a serious epidemic of MDR.Traditional drugs fail to meet the needs of tuberculosis control.Therefore,it is urgent to find new targets of anti-tuberculosis drugs and develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs.Hence,this paper systematically summarizes the mechanism of traditional and newly developed anti-tuberculosis drugs,in which stressing the research progress of drug resistance mechanisms.This work provides us with new insights of new anti-tuberculosis drug developments,and may contribute to a reduction in the harm that tuberculosis brings to society.
基金Study on the Correlation Between inhA Gene Mutation of Multidrug-Resistant MTB and Resistance to Protionamide (Project number: 2022013)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the characteristics of katG and inhA gene mutations in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (preXDR-TB), and their correlation with resistance to protionamide (Pto). Methods: A total of 229 patients with MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB diagnosed in the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to February 2024 were selected to analyze the characteristics of katG and inhA mutations in MTB clinical isolates and their correlation with Pto resistance. Results: The mutation rate of katG (with or without inhA mutation) was 85.2%. The mutation rates in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB were 87.4% (125/143) and 81.4% (70/86), respectively. The mutation rate of inhA (including katG mutation) was 14.8% (34/229), which was 12.6% (18/143) and 18.6% (16/86) in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-MTB, respectively. There was no difference in mutation (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The total resistance rate to Pto in 229 strains was 8.7% (20/229), which was 8.4% (12/143) and 9.3% (8/86) in MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB, respectively. Among the inhA mutant strains, 13 were resistant to the Pto phenotype, and the resistance rate was 65% (13/20). In MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB strains resistant to Pto, inhA gene mutations occurred in 66.7% (6/9) and 63.6% (7/11), respectively. The resistance rates of MDR-MTB and pre-XDR-TB strains without inhA gene mutation to Pto were 2.4% (3/125) and 5.7% (4/70), respectively.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1800403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32273005 and 32002256).
文摘The serine proteases of Mycobacteria tuberculosis(Mtb)are important contributors to the process of bacterial invasion and its pathogenesis.In the present study,we systematically characterized the role of the Rv1043c protein in Mycobacterium infection by purifying the Rv1043c protein in Escherichia coli and constructing a Mycobacterium smegmatis(Msg)strain overexpressing Rv1043c(Msg_Rv1043c).We found that Rv1043c had serine protease activity and localized to the surface of Mtb.We determined that the optimal pH and temperature for the Rv1043c serine protease were 9.0 and 45°C,respectively.Moreover,the serine protease activity of Rv1043c was enhanced by divalent metal ions of Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+).Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the serine 279 residue in Rv1043c plays a catalytic role.Additionally,mouse model studies confirmed that Rv1043c significantly enhanced the survival of Msg in vivo,induced pulmonary injury and lung cell apoptosis,and promoted the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 in mice.This study presents novel insights into the relationship between mycobacterial serine protease and the pathogenesis of the disease.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program [2022YFC2305200]China CDC-Tuberculosis Control and Prevention Project [228711]。
文摘Drug-resistant(DR) tuberculosis(TB) is a growing threat to public health[1]. Fluoroquinolone(FQ) antibiotics have long been used as anti-tuberculosis drugs, and their widespread application has led to the development of resistance in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC).
基金supported by the Hangzhou Medical Health Science and Technology Project [A20220614]Hangzhou Medical Health Science and Technology Project [A20200788]+3 种基金Hangzhou Medical Health Science and Technology Project [A20220558]Zhejiang General Research Project on Medical Health and Science Technology Plan [2021KY949]Public Welfare Technology Research Program in Zhejiang Province [LGF21H190002]Hangzhou Agricultural and Social Development Research Guide Project [20220919Y060]。
文摘Tuberculosis(TB),caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC),is the 13^(th)leading cause of death and the second leading cause of infectious killer after COVID-19(above HIV and AIDS),according to the World Health Organization's 2022 Global TB Report.In 2021,10.6 million people were diagnosed with a new episode of TB and 1.6 million people died as a result.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31602061,U21A20259,31872470)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFD1800401).
文摘Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)can replicate in the macrophage by interfering with many host protein functions.While it is far from known these host proteins for controlling M.tuberculosis infection.Herein,we infected macrophages including THP-1 and Raw264.7 cells with M.tuberculosis and identified the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the interferon signaling pathway.Among them,2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase-like(OASL)underwent the greatest upregulation in M.tuberculosis-infected macrophages.Knockdown of the expression of OASL attenuated M.tuberculosis survival in macrophages.Further,bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential interaction axis of OASL-TAB3-RvO127,which was further validated by the yeast-two-hybrid(Y2H)assay and Co-IP.This interaction axis might regulate the M.tuberculosis survival and proliferation in macrophages.The study reveals a possible role of OASL during M.tuberculosis infection as a target to control its propagation.
文摘Microscopy-positive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MPT+) is one of the most feared diseases due to the cost of its management and the associated mortality. The GeneXpert, a new molecular test, is in greater demand for the diagnosis of MPT+ resistance cases. The application of GeneXpert to new cases of MPT+ is not effective in the country’s TB screening centres. The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of GeneXpert to the determination of MPT+ resistance cases in Bangui. The study was cross-sectional and covered the period from February to July 2022. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was first performed by microscopy with Ziehl Neelsen hot stain. The GeneXpert was then used to test for resistance in the sputum of all patients with positive microscopy. The collected data was entered into Excel 2013 and analysed with Epi Info 3.3.7. We analysed data from 755 patients, 80 of whom had resistance. The 80 patients ranged in age from 6 to 68 years (mean age = 35 years). The prevalence of resistant TB was 10.60% (80/755). Primary resistance accounted for 73.75% and secondary resistance for 26.25%. The age group 20 - 39 years (57.50%), male (72.50%), 8th district (17.50%), people living in couples (53.75%), farmers (13.75%) were the socio-demographic characteristics most affected by resistance. Treatment failure (13.75%), relapses (13.75%), the notion of contagion (28.75%), a history of smoking (40%) and alcohol (61.25%) were the clinical antecedents reported by the patients. Treatment failure and relapse were the variables associated with the occurrence of resistant PMT+ (p 0.05). A considerable proportion of the overall Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs (10.60%) was identified by GeneXpert. Treatment failure and relapse were the factors associated with the risk of resistance.
文摘Introduction: Tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Looking at the evolution of the bacterium gene due to mutation is crucial to identify species circulating among patients in an area. WHO speculated that tuberculosis is caused by M. tuberculosis (MTB), but identification of the strains of MTB circulating in a particular area is important for the management of MTB and to identify pulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacterium. Contact tracing of drug resistant MTB in circulation in an area is also an important procedure of MTB therapeutic choice. Aim: This study aimed to isolate and identify Mycobacterium species circulating in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 sputum samples collected from MTB patients were cultured in Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) solid media. Isolates on LJ media were confirmed using Zeihl Nelseen staining method for AFB and Standard Diagnosis Bioline TB Ag MPT64 Rapid test kit. The 16s rRNA gene amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and gene sequencing were conducted. Phylogenic analysis and evolutional distances of the strains are computed using the Juke-cantor method. Result: Out of 102 sputum samples examined 15 (14.7%) had growth of Mycobacterium species (AFB positive). The extracted DNA of MTB amplified on agarose gel electrophoresis aligned horizontally at lanes 1 - 15 showing 16S gene band (1500 bp). Two 2 (2.0%) are non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria species, while 13 (12.7%) were M. tuberculosis. The non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium species isolated are Mycobacteriode abscesses and Mycobacterium kansassii strain FDAARGOS 1534. The tuberculosis strains are Mycobacterium tuberculosis MG003 and R2092 but the predominant strain was MG003. The degree of the genetic evolution of the non-MTB Mycobacterium kansassii strain FDAARGOS 1534 was 75.4%. Conclusion: The two major strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) circulating in Bayelsa State are MTB MG003 and MTB R2092;MTB MG003 was predominant. The non-tuberculosis species are Mycobacteriode abscesses and Mycobacterium kansasii.
文摘Objective:To assess the prevalence of Mycobacterium(M.)tuberculosis infection and its associated risks in children under fifteen years of age.Methods:Based on secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Survey(RISKESDAS 2018),this cross-sectional study employed M.tuberculosis infection in children as a dependent variable and age level,sex,region,location,family case positive,and smoking as independent variables.Geospatial analysis was applied to show the prevalence of M.tuberculosis infection and multivariate regression was performed to analyze the risk factors of getting the infection among children under 15 years of age.Results:Prevalence ranges of M.tuberculosis infection among children aged 0-14 years,babies(age<12 months),toddlers(age 12-59 months),and children aged between 5 and 14 years were 0.03%to 0.57%,0%to 0.64%,0%to 0.78%,and 0.01%to 0.53%,respectively in Indonesia.A high prevalence of M.tuberculosis infection among children under 15 years of age was found in Papua and other provinces,such as Kalimantan and Java.Contacting with tuberculosis family members was positively associated with M.tuberculosis infection in children as shown by multivariate logistic regression(OR 8.94;95%CI 5.4-14.6,P<0.05).Conclusions:Contacting with family member who has tuberculosis is related with M.tuberculosis infection among children in Indonesia.Therefore,screening the household for contact with tuberculosis patients is a preventive treatment for children.
文摘Tuberculosis disease stands for the second leading cause of death worldwide after COVID-19, most active tuberculosis cases result from the reactivation of latent TB infection through impairment of immune response. Several factors are known to sustain that process.Schistosoma mansoni, a parasite of the helminth genus that possesses switching power from an immune profile type Th1 to Th2 that favors reactivation of latent TB bacteria. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the co-infection between the two endemic infections. Systematic literature was contacted at the University Clinical Research Center at the University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako in Mali. Original articles were included, and full texts were reviewed to assess the prevalence and better understand the immunological changes that occur during the co-infection. In total, 3530 original articles were retrieved through database search, 53 were included in the qualitative analysis, and data from 10 were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of the co-infection ranged from 4% to 34% in the literature. Most of the articles reported that immunity against infection with helminth parasite and more specifically Schistosoma mansoni infection enhances latent TB reactivation through Th1/Th2. In sum, the impact of Schistosoma mansoni co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is under-investigated. Understanding the role of this endemic tropical parasite as a contributing factor to TB epidemiology and burden could help integrate its elimination as one of the strategies to achieve the END-TB objectives by the year 2035.
文摘AIM:To investigate the utility of immunohistochemical(IHC) staining with an antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis) for the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis(TB).METHODS:We retrospectively identified 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;mean age = 65.1 ± 13.6 years) with intestinal TB.Clinical characteristics,including age,gender,underlying disease,and symptoms were obtained.Chest radiograph and laboratory tests,including sputum Ziehl-Neelsen(ZN) staining,M.tuberculosis culture,and sputum polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for tubercle bacilli DNA,as well as Tuberculin skin test(TST) and QuantiFERON-TB gold test(QFT),were examined.Colonoscopic records recorded on the basis of Sato's classification were also reviewed,in addition to data from intestinal biopsies examined for histopathological findings,including hematoxylin and eosin staining,and ZN staining,as well as M.tuberculosis culture,and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA.For the present study,archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) intestinal tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained using a commercially available species-specific monoclonal antibody to the 38-kDa antigen of the M.tuberculosis complex.These sections were also stained with the pan-macrophage marker CD68 antibody.RESULTS:From the clinical data,we found that no patients were immunocompromised,and that the main symptoms were diarrhea and weight loss.Three patients displayed active pulmonary TB,six patients(60%) had a positive TST,and 4 patients(40%) had a positive QFT.Colonoscopic findings revealed that all patients had type 1 findings(linear ulcers in a circumferential arrangement or linear ulcers arranged circumferentially with mucosa showing multiple nodules),all of which were located in the right hemicolon and/or terminal ileum.Seven patients(70%) had concomitant healed lesions in the ileocecal area.No acid-fast bacilli were detected with ZN staining of the intestinal tissue samples,and both M.tuberculosis culture and PCR for tubercle bacilli DNA were negative in all samples.The histopathological data revealed that tuberculous granulomas were present in 4 cases(40%).IHC staining in archived FFPE samples with anti-M.tuberculosis monoclonal antibody revealed positive findings in 4 patients(40%);the same patients in which granulomas were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining.M.tuberculosis antigens were found to be mostly intracellular,granular in pattern,and primarily located in the CD68 + macrophages of the granulomas.CONCLUSION:IHC staining with a monoclonal antibody to M.tuberculosis may be an efficient and simple diagnostic tool in addition to classic examination methods for the diagnosis of intestinal TB.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30470097,No.30500432)
文摘Resuscitation promoting factor E (RpfE) is one of the five Rpf-like proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculos& (M. tuberculosis). These Rpf-like proteins are secretory, which make them candidates for recognition by the host immune system. In this study, the RpfE gene was amplified from M. tuberculosis, cloned into the expression vectors pDE22 and pPRO EXHT, and were expressed in Mycobacterium vaccae (M. vaccae) and Escherichia coli DHSa, respec- tively. Both recombinant RpfE proteins were purified by Ni-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and were given to C57BL/6 mice. The RpfE proteins elicited T cell proliferation, and stimulated the production of gamma interferon (IFN-y), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12. Our results indicated that the RpfE protein expressed in M. vaccae could more efficiently stimulate cellular immune response, making it a promising candidate as a subunit vaccine.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs),small non-coding RNAs,play important roles in regulating host defense against pathogenic infections.This review provides information on the role of miRNAs in the antimycobacterial immune response and summarizes their possible diagnostic utility.It was compiled using scientific literature retrieved from such databases as PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,Google Scholar,and PubMed Central.Relevant articles published in the English language until December 2020 were taken into consideration.It has been revealed that specific host miRNAs induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis can target diverse factors and pathways in immune signaling to ensure longer pathogen survival inside the phagocytes.The potential use of miRNAs in tuberculosis diagnosis or therapeutic strategies has been attracting increasing attention in recent years.However,despite considerable efforts devoted to miRNA profiling,further studies are needed to elucidate the full potential of miRNAs as novel tuberculosis biomarkers or therapeutic targets.