Hemangioma in the lower labial vestibule of an eleven-year-old girl:A case report

BACKGROUND Hemangioma is a vascular benign tumour of endothelial origin.It appears commonly in the first decade of life with increases incidence in females.Hemangioma is not common to happen in the oral cavity and it is extremely rare to appear in the labial vestibule.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of an 11-year-old girl who complained of a painful,slowly growing mass which was consistent with the capillary hemangioma in the left mandibular vestibule.Vascular tumor such as hemangioma in the mandibular vestibule is extremely rare;hence,the clinical definitive diagnosis is very challenging.Therefore,radiographic imaging and histopathologic analysis are crucial to reach to the final diagnosis for proper management.CONCLUSION Comprehensive clinical evaluation,proper diagnostic imaging and microscopic analysis of the mass establish a precise diagnosis of the hemangioma for better management.

Effects of hydrogen sulfide on guinea pig aortic vestibule autorhythmic cells electrophysiology and its mechanism

Objective:To investigate the electrophysiological effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on left ventricular outflow tract autonomic cells in guinea pigs and its mechanism.Methods:Intracellular microelectrode recording technique was used to observe the electrophysiological effects of different concentrations of hydrogen sulfide on the autonomic cells of left ventricular outflow tract.Results: CSE irreversible inhibitor PPG (200 μmol/L) makes the left ventricular outflow tract of autorhythmic cells Vmax, RPF and VDD accelerate, APA increase (P<0.05);CBS synthase inhibitor AOAA (100μmol/L) acts on the autorhythmic cells of the left ventricular outflow tract without effect. The concentration-dependency of the 50, 100 and 200μmol/L NaHS made RPF and VDD of autorhythmic cell of the left ventricular outflow tract decrease with increasing concentration of NaHS, Vmax and APA decrease (P<0.01). The ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) blocker glybenclamide (Gli, 20 μmol/L) partially blocked the electrophysiological effects of NaHS (P<0.05). The L-Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K8644 could partially block the electrophysiological effects of NaHS.Conclusion:The autorhythmic cells of the left ventricular outflow tract had endogenous H2S produced by CSE. H2S had a negative chronotropic effect on autorhythmic cells in the left ventricular outflow tract, and its mechanism was related to the inhibition of L-Ca2+ channels by the open KATP pathway.

Lessons learned in delayed identification of a misplaced electrode array in the vestibule

To report a case of cochlear implantation with a misplaced electrode array in the vestibule and the causes for the delay in identification.A 23-year-old male with left single-sided deafness underwent cochlear implantation.The intraoperative assessment did not reveal any major red flags of electrode array misplacement.He did not display any vestibular symptoms postoperatively but showed poor speech performance,even though the aided tone audiometry revealed good sound detection thresholds.High-resolution computed tomography(HRCT)showed that the entire perimodiolar electrode array was situated within the vestibule,and a revision surgery was conducted.Retrospective analysis of the neural response telemetry(NRT)revealed subtle differences in responses between the misplaced and correctly placed electrode arrays.Unlike previously reported cases,the patient did not display vestibular symptoms despite the misplacement of the electrode in the vestibule due to existing weakness in otolithic function.Further investigation is warranted when a motivated patient with normal inner ear anatomy does not show benefit with the cochlear implant post-operatively.

Neurilemmomas of the nasal vestibule: report of two cases

Neurilemmomas is usually a benign neoplasm which is composed of Schwann cells, alsonamed schwannomas and originates from the peripheral nerve sheath. It most frequently （25%- 45%） occurs in the head and neck, but rarely （4%） in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, especially rare in nasal vestibule. In English literature, only Alessandrinis reported one case with the tumor originating from the nasal vestibule. Here we report two cases.

揭盖造袋技术在鼻前庭囊肿中的应用

近年来,随着内镜的广泛使用,揭盖造袋技术在腔镜技术领域得到广泛开展,特别是对一些开放性腔道表浅囊肿的治疗。在耳鼻咽喉科,揭盖造袋技术较早应用于鼻窦黏液囊肿[1]、会厌囊肿和咽囊囊肿等治疗。

鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融术治疗鼻前庭囊肿临床分析

鼻前庭囊肿为鼻科常见病,手术切除是主要的治疗方法。目前主要的手术方式有传统的经唇龈沟径路囊肿切除、鼻侧切开径路囊肿切除和鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术等。近年来我科对30例鼻前庭囊肿患者采用鼻内镜下低温等离子射频消融治疗,取得满意效果,现将有关临床资料分析如下。

发展中的前庭医学

我国对前庭系统与眩晕的实验和临床研究起步于20世纪60年代，当时称此项工作为“填补国内空白”。文革期间研究工作处于停滞状态。改革开放以来，国内外学术交流增多，涉及不少前庭学的进展，促进了我国耳科学者对此专业的深入探讨，在眩晕疾病的诊治等方面不断取得研究成果。近年来对良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo，BPPV）尤为关注，耳石手法复位治疗效果明显。2007年《中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》发表了“良性阵发性位置性眩晕的诊断依据和疗效评估（2006年，贵阳）”，在全国耳科学界取得共识。为及时交流各家的心得体会，本期专题报道了近年国内有关眩晕的临床研究，对不同类型BPPV的诊治、耳石手法复位与康复练习的效果、姿势稳定测试对疗效的评估等对BPPV治疗的个性化策略作了进一步的探讨。

Virtual reality training improves balance function

Virtual reality is a new technology that simulates a three-dimensional virtual world on a com- puter and enables the generation of visual, audio, and haptic feedback for the full immersion of users. Users can interact with and observe objects in three-dimensional visual space without limitation. At present, virtual reality training has been widely used in rehabilitation therapy for balance dysfunction. This paper summarizes related articles and other articles suggesting that virtual reality training can improve balance dysfunction in patients after neurological diseases. When patients perform virtual reality training, the prefrontal, parietal cortical areas and other motor cortical networks are activated. These activations may be involved in the reconstruction of neurons in the cerebral cortex. Growing evidence from clinical studies reveals that virtual reality training improves the neurological function of patients with spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy and other neurological impairments. These findings suggest that virtual reality training can acti- vate the cerebral cortex and improve the spatial orientation capacity of patients, thus facilitating the cortex to control balance and increase motion function.

Clinically relevant human temporal bone measurements using novel high-resolution cone-beam CT

Objective: To test the feasibility of measuring fine temporal bone structures using a newly established cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)system.Materials and methods: Six formalin-fixed human cadaver temporal bones were imaged using a high-resolution CBCT system that has 900 frames and copper t aluminum filtration. Fine temporal bone structures, including those of the facial nerve canal and vestibular structures, were identified and measured.Results: The fine structures of the middle ear, including the tympanic membrane, tendon of the tensor tympani, cochleariform process of the semicanal of the tensor tympani, pyramidal eminence, footplate of the stapes, full path of the facial nerve within the temporal bone, supralabyrinthine space, semicircular canals, pathway of the subarcuate canal, and full path of the vestibular aqueduct, were clearly demonstrated. The vestibular aqueduct has a midpoint width of 0.4 ± 0.0 mm and opercular width of 0.5 ± 0.1 mm(mean ± SD). The length of the internal acoustic meatus was 10.6 ± 1.2 mm(mean ± SD), and the diameter of the internal acoustic meatus was 3.7 ± 0.3 mm(mean ± SD).Conclusion: This novel high-resolution CBCT system has potentially broad applications in the diagnosis of inner ear disease and in monitoring associated pathological changes, surgical planning, navigation for the ear surgery, and temporal bone training.

SRM-Ⅳ型前庭功能治疗系统治疗良性阵发性位置性眩晕的疗效评估及对患者生活质量的影响

近年来全自动SRM-Ⅳ型前庭功能治疗系统（SRM-Ⅳ）在临床上采用[1,2],帮助良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）的诊断和复位治疗。通过电脑程序控制,主要由座椅、操作台、眼罩等组成,座椅可以水平或垂直方向旋转。眼罩内装有无线红外摄像头,记录旋转刺激过程中受试者眼球运动,并将其显示在电脑屏幕上。能够直观用于BPPV诊断和复位治疗,为BPPV的复位治疗提供一种新手段。文献报道手法复位和SRM-Ⅳ复位在临床上均取得显著疗效,

鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术临床分析

在耳鼻咽喉科,揭盖术较早应用于鼻窦黏液囊肿、会厌囊肿和咽囊囊肿等治疗[1]。近年来,随着鼻内镜技术的广泛应用,揭盖技术被应用于鼻前庭囊肿的治疗。国内外陆续有文献报道揭盖术治疗鼻前庭囊肿。我科既往均采用传统经唇龈沟进路切除鼻前庭囊肿,近年来,笔者尝试鼻内镜下鼻前庭囊肿揭盖术治疗鼻前庭囊肿10例,也取得满意疗效,且具有传统手术方法无可比拟的优点,现报道如下。

Migration of R28 Retinal Precursor Cells into Cochlear and Vestibular Organs

Damaged hair cells and neurons in the inner ear generally can not be replaced in mammals. The loss of these cells causes permanent functional disorders in both the cochlear and vestibular systems. Transplantation of retinal precursor cells, R28 cells, into inner ear tissue may help replace missing cells. The aim of the current project was to induce R28 cell transdifferentiation into cochlear and vestibular cell types under culture conditions. The first part was related to R28 cell labeling with DiI fluorescence that would help identify and track R28 cells. The second part involved co-culturing R28 cells in cochlear and vestibular organotropic cultures or isolated spiral ganglion neurons. The results suggest that R28 cells have the potential to differentiate into supporting cell types and spiral ganglion neurons in serum free medium, probably under the influence of diffusible signals from inner ear tissues. This information is useful for future efforts in inducing stem cell differentiation in the inner ear to replace lost sensory and neural cells.

Video head impulse test (vHIT) in migraine dizziness

Background and objective: Migraine is an extremely prevalent primary headache disorder that frequently associates parallel symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus and hearing loss. Our aim is to investigate differences in video head impulse (vHIT) results with patients suffering from vestibular migraine (VM) and healthy people, taking into consideration mean values of vestibule ocular reflex (VOR) gain, occurrence of the compensatory saccades latency and amplitude. According to the results, determine the usefulness of vHIT in vestibular migraine diagnostics. Methods: A total number of 120 subjects were enrolled in the study, 80 of them were vestibular migraine patients (VM), while the other 40 were a control group of age matched healthy subjects. History was taking during the evaluation; videonystagmography and the video head impulse test were done.Results: The rate of saccades is much more higher in the VM group compared to the healthy subjects group, only 7.5% of the VM group showed a low VOR gain with compensatory saccades denoting a vestibular deficit. Conclusion: The refixation saccades are an important sign that could underlie different vestibular problems. vHIT result can contribute to the completion of full mosaic of vestibular migraine diagnostics. ? 2018 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier(Singapore) Pte Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Sound absorption characteristic of micro-helix metamaterial by 3D printing

We present the design of micro-helix metamaterial supporting high sound absorption characteristic by 3D printing. The sample structure which is fabricated out of polylactide （PLA） material, many micro-helix are arranged by periodic arrays on XY plane. Experiment measurement results show that different geometrical dimensions of helix vestibule and cavity depth have a great effect on sound absorption coefficient. Physical mechanism depends on the friction and viscosity between the air and the helix vestibule. This work shows great potential of micro-structure metamaterial in noise control applications require light weight and large rigid of sound absorption.

Pyogenic Granuloma of Nasal Septum: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Pyogenic granuloma is a rapidly growing hyperplastic, vascular proliferation of the skin or mucous membrane. A benign lesion of unknown aetiology commonly associated with pregnancy, oral contraceptives and trauma. While lesions occur frequently in oral cavity, occurrence in the nasal septum is rarely reported. We report a case of 38-year-old male (known case of active pulmonary tuberculosis on anti-tubercular therapy) who presented with unilateral pyogenic granuloma of the anterior nasal septum with unilateral nasal obstruction. We emphasize that the rarely seen lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloma) must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of a rapidly growing mass of the nasal cavity, even without history of epistaxis. Here we report an uncommon case and review current literature regarding aetiology, site and role of rifampicin in pyogenic granuloma.

Progress in Research on Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy

The deterioration of vestibular function is a side effect of numerous diseases of the inner ear. Vertigo is the most common symptom of vestibular dysfunction. Vestibule-suppressing drugs can control symptoms but impede the rehabilitation of vestibular function. Surgical treatment can effectively resolve vestibular dysfunction associated with some progressive diseases, including tumors. However, unilateral vestibular function remains permanently damaged after surgery, causing problems like vertigo and imbalance. To enhance the understanding of Vestibular rehabilitation therapy, this paper presents a summary of the progress in research on Vestibular rehabilitation therapy for patients with vestibular dysfunction.

The role of immunoenzymatic therapy in the management of vestibulodynia associated with painful bladder syndrome

Background: Vestibulodynia (VBD) and painful bladder syndrome (PBS) are two common and often concomitant conditions. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an enzymatic combination of papain, bromelain, trypsin, chymotrypsin and quercetin in the supportive treatment of VBD/PBS, patients underwent TENS + amitriptyline and pregabalin therapy as a multimodal treatment strategy. Method: 40 patients were randomly assigned to receive a systemic therapy: amitriptyline + pregabalin (Group A) versus amitriptyline + Pregabalin plus a systemic enzyme preparation (Group B). All patients received a transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy in a self-administered domiciliary protocol. Results: The VAS and the dyspareunia score after the treatment showed a significant difference in the two groups (VAS: Group A difference of 4.3, Group B difference of 3.1, p = 0.005;dyspareunia: Group A and Group B 1.8 vs. 0.8, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The positive results of our study prove the utility effectiveness of an enzyme combination to decrease and normalize the biomarkers of inflammation in VBD and PBS patients in a multimodal approach.

耳源性眩晕与血管的关系

耳源性眩晕的疾病有很多种，发病机制复杂，由多因素相关引起，其中血管因素与其有着密切的关系。本文就常见耳源性眩晕疾病的血管解剖基础，前庭系统解剖基础及血管因素的作用机制进行综述。

功能性核磁共振成像技术与人类前庭皮质

长期以来,由于缺乏相应技术及设备,对于人类前庭皮质功能代表区的了解微乎其微。90年代发展起来的功能性核磁共振成像(functiona lmagnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)技术因其无创性、无电离辐射性、可将功能成像与解剖细节结合起来等优点已开始应用于人类前庭皮质的研究中,并取得了许多成果。本文复习国外的相关研究成果,并作简要综述。

小鼠内耳前庭发育研究进展

从听板到听囊到前庭发育成熟是一个复杂的过程，包括外形形成、上皮分化等。听囊是前庭发育的关键阶段，是各前庭器官、前庭感觉上皮的共同起源。多基因在时间、空间上精细、准确的差异表达决定了各器官、感觉上皮的分化发育方向。约有几十种基因参与分化发育的调控，但具体的分子机制尚不清楚。本文就各前庭感觉器官、感觉上皮的发育和涉及的相关基因进行综述。