Mental disorders seriously affect people’s health and social stability.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study was designed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating vitamin C(VC)or 25-hydroxyvitamin D...Mental disorders seriously affect people’s health and social stability.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study was designed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating vitamin C(VC)or 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)levels and mental disorders.The data used for the MR analysis were derived from the summary genome-wide association studies(GWAS)database for VC and 25(OH)D and from the Finn Gen consortium for fourteen mental disorders.Based on the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,we found a potential causal association between circulating VC and anxiety disorders(IVW:OR=1.139,95%CI:1.023-1.269,P=0.018).However,no causal association was found between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders(P>0.05).In the reverse MR analysis,individuals with Alzheimer’s disease was causally associated with higher concentrations of circulating VC(P=0.012),while individuals with anxiety disorders had a negative association between the concentrations of 25(OH)D(P=0.012).However,the current evidence does not support a causal relationship between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders.In addition,there was no causal association between circulating VC and 25(OH)D(P>0.05).Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms of potential causality.展开更多
Purpose: To optimize the extraction process of vitamin C from durian endocarp, and to determine the content of vitamin C in durian endocarp with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method: Optimize ultrason...Purpose: To optimize the extraction process of vitamin C from durian endocarp, and to determine the content of vitamin C in durian endocarp with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method: Optimize ultrasonic extraction conditions by L9 (4<sup>3</sup>) orthogonal experiment by using octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as the stationary phase, using methanol (A): 0.1% oxalic acid (B) = 5:95 (V/V) as the mobile phase, setting the flow rate as 1.0 mL/min, and setting the wavelength as 254 nm for assay. Result: The optimal extraction process is as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1:12, the extraction solvent is 2% oxalic acid aqueous solution, and the extraction time is 30 min;Vitamin C has a good linearity within the concentration range of 5.4 - 108.0 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, and the regression equation is y = 37698x - 61035 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9996);the average recovery rate is 99.03%, the instruments are of high precision with good stability. Conclusion: This extraction process performs well in simplicity, costs and extraction efficiency, which may accelerate the development and utilization of vitamin C extraction from durian endocarp, and provide references to relevant studies and practices.展开更多
China,recognized as the world’s largest developing nation,displays considerably lower per capita consumption of dietary supplements in comparison to Asian nations such as Japan and South Korea.However,in recent years...China,recognized as the world’s largest developing nation,displays considerably lower per capita consumption of dietary supplements in comparison to Asian nations such as Japan and South Korea.However,in recent years,there has been a substantial surge in health consciousness among the Chinese populace.This trend is not confined to the middle-aged and elderly;even younger consumer demographics are exhibiting increased health awareness.Consequently,the target demographic for dietary supplements is transitioning towards a younger demographic.Within the Chinese dietary supplement industry,vitamin C has consistently held the largest market share,commanding a broad consumer base.This underscores the substantial role of vitamin C in the dietary supplement sector.In response to the trend towards a younger target demographic in the dietary supplement industry,adjustments are required to accommodate the preferences of this younger consumer group.This research,guided by Norman’s emotional design framework,executed a survey of over 200 respondents to investigate the preferences of Generation Z consumers in China.The research encompassed packaging,product forms,and brand imagery,corresponding to the emotional design’s visceral,behavioral,and reflective layers,with a primary focus on optimally meeting the emotional needs of Generation Z.The findings indicated that consumers favor products in capsule form,packaged in zip-lock.The predominant color scheme is clean white,accented by vibrant orange elements,while emphasizing the product’s health and scientific attributes.This study offers valuable insights for the continued evolution of the vitamin C dietary supplement market in China.展开更多
Objective:The frequent consumption of deep-fried foods has been linked to high risk of certain non-communicable diseases.As a consequence,the safety of deep-fried oil(DFO)ingested with fried foods has been called into...Objective:The frequent consumption of deep-fried foods has been linked to high risk of certain non-communicable diseases.As a consequence,the safety of deep-fried oil(DFO)ingested with fried foods has been called into question.This study therefore evaluated the effects of DFO from palm kernel on serum 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct formation,De Ritis ratio(DRR),liver histology and atherogenicity in Wistar rats and the role of vitamin C intervention.Methods:Deep-fried oil samples were characterized for total antioxidant capacity(TAC),degradation and metal contamination levels and compared against counterpart unused frying oil(UFO).In the animal experiment,both oil samples,sourced from commercial cooks,were orally administered,for 13 weeks,to sixty-two rats randomly divided into six test groups of two exposure levels alongside vitamin C control.After exposure,serum liver enzyme activities and lipoproteins levels were determined using colorimetric methods,while protein adducts levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Histopathological examinations of liver tissues were also performed.Results:DFO had significantly lower(P=0.021)TAC,significantly higher(P=0.024)volatile acid and Pb concentrations compared to UFO.Exposure to DFO significantly increased(P<0.01)serum protein adduct formation,the De Ritis ratio and caused cytoplasmic vacuolation and pigment deposit on liver tissues compared to the control.Additionally,DFO exposures had an initial negative body weight gain rate that increased at the end of the study.Conclusion:However,co-administration of vitamin C significantly reduced(P<0.05)the De Ritis ratio and reduced the serum protein adducts levels by at least 15%.Concomitant intake of vitamin C and DFO can mitigate probable adverse effects.展开更多
Background:The effectiveness of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections was evaluated in a meta-analysis.Methods:A total 2,573 children with upper respiratory tract in...Background:The effectiveness of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections was evaluated in a meta-analysis.Methods:A total 2,573 children with upper respiratory tract infections were included in the meta-analysis,1,280 of whom received vitamin C and 1,293 who received control medication.The analysis of findings related to the studies included was done through random or fixed effects model to determine whether vitamin C supplementation could stop and control upper respiratory tract infections in children using mean difference(MD)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results:On average,vitamin C-treated children had fewer upper respiratory tract infection bouts,their illness lasted shorter(MD-0.84;95%CI-1.47 to-0.20,P=0.009),and they were less contagious than the control.Conclusions:The number of episodes and illness duration of upper respiratory tract-infected pediatric subjects were considerably reduced in the intervention group(vitamin C)compared to the control.Due to the small sample size in four of 11 studies and the limited number of studies included for comparison,the outcomes should be carefully examined.展开更多
Background:Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF)of vitamin C(VC)are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken,but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself,the ...Background:Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF)of vitamin C(VC)are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken,but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself,the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC.This study aims to explore the above problems.Results:Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO)expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development.Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1(SVCT1)expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19(E19)to post-hatch day 1(D1)and in intestine(duodenum,jejunum and ileum)from E17 to D1.Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42.IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver,kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum,jejunum and ileum,but increased the VC content in plasma,brain,kidney and liver.In addition,IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress.Conclusions:This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation.These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and vitamin C on ventral prostatic antioxidant system in adult male rats. Methods: A group of 20 adult male rats were administered ip Aroclor 1254 in corn...Aim: To evaluate the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and vitamin C on ventral prostatic antioxidant system in adult male rats. Methods: A group of 20 adult male rats were administered ip Aroclor 1254 in corn oil at a dose of 2 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 30 days. Ten control rats were administered only the vehicle. After 30 days the treated rats were divided at random into 2 sub-groups of 10 animals each. One sub-group received vitamin C at a dose of 500 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 10 days. The other group was maintained as Aroclor 1254 control. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment the rats were killed by decapitation. Ventral prostatic homogenate was prepared and used for the estimation of enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and prostatic acid phosphatase. The serum levels of total T3, total T4, TSH, testosterone and estradiol were also assayed. Results: The body weight and ventral prostatic weight were reduced in PCB treated rats. The activities of SOD, CAT, GST and acid phosphatase were decreased while the levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation were increased in the ventral prostate of PCB treated rats. Administration of vitamin C restored these parameters. Serum levels of thyroid hormones, estradiol and testosterone were decreased in PCB treated animals. Administration of vitamin C restored the thyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: PCB induces oxidative stress and decreases the antioxidant enzymes in the ventral prostate of adult male rats; the effects could be reversed by the administration of vitamin C.展开更多
A group of experimental rats under free radical damage are given various amounts of a lipophilic vitamin C(ascorbyl-6-laurate, VC-12), and its parent compound, vitamin C, respectively. It has been found that the effec...A group of experimental rats under free radical damage are given various amounts of a lipophilic vitamin C(ascorbyl-6-laurate, VC-12), and its parent compound, vitamin C, respectively. It has been found that the effects of 1 12 mmol/kg VC-12 on decreasing triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and lipid peroxide(LPO), and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) are similar to those of 2 27 mmol/kg vitamin C. In addition, VC-12(1 12 mmol/kg) can increase the prostacycline(PGI 2) and decrease the thromboxane(TXA 2) even better than vitamin C(2 27 mmol/kg). The above facts demonstrate that the antioxidative activity of VC-12 is higher than twice that of vitamin C. So, ascorbyl-6-laurate may be a novel antioxidant drug against free radical damage.展开更多
In this review,we summarize the involvement of vitamin C in mental disorders by presenting available evidence on its pharmacological effects in animal models as well as in clinical studies.Vitamin C,especially its red...In this review,we summarize the involvement of vitamin C in mental disorders by presenting available evidence on its pharmacological effects in animal models as well as in clinical studies.Vitamin C,especially its reduced form,has gained interest for its multiple functions in various tissues and organs,including central nervous system(CNS).Vitamin C protects the neuron against oxidative stress,alleviates inflammation,regulates the neurotransmission,affects neuronal development and controls epigenetic function.All of these processes are closely associated with psychopathology.In the past few decades,scientists have revealed that the deficiency of vitamin C may lead to motor deficit,cognitive impairment and aberrant behaviors,whereas supplement of vitamin C has a potential preventive and therapeutic effect on mental illness,such as major depressive disorder(MDD),schizophrenia,anxiety and Alzheimer's disease(AD).Although several studies support a possible role of vitamin C against mental disorders,more researches are essential to accelerate the knowledge and investigate the mechanism in this field.展开更多
Simultaneous thermal analysis was used to study the influence of Vitamin C as possible chemical additive inhibiting coal oxidation process at low temperature. Some oxidation characteristics of Vitamin C affecting the ...Simultaneous thermal analysis was used to study the influence of Vitamin C as possible chemical additive inhibiting coal oxidation process at low temperature. Some oxidation characteristics of Vitamin C affecting the coal oxidation were investigated at different heating rates. The TG-DSC data show that the impact of Vitamin C on coal oxidation process can be directly evaluated using ignition temperature and critical temperature. Comparison with the effect of water on coal oxidation shows that Vitamin C is more efficient than water. However, the blank experiment conducted with inert a-Al2O3 also suggests that Vitamin C can decompose at about 200 ℃, which limits the usage of Vitamin C on inhibiting coal oxidation.展开更多
A novel method for the determination of vitamin C(Vc) is proposed in this article. After the reaction with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent at ambient temperature, Vc solution was scanned at 750--1100 nm, and its first-orde...A novel method for the determination of vitamin C(Vc) is proposed in this article. After the reaction with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent at ambient temperature, Vc solution was scanned at 750--1100 nm, and its first-order derivative spectrum were obtained from the original spectrum. The values of derivative selected at 995 nm were used for determination. It was proved that Vc could quickly react with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent within 5 min and the product was quite stable for a long time. The conditions required for this method is not very complicated, its precision and accuracy are similar to those of the iodometric titration described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the limit of detection is 0.312 μg/mL. The determination of the results of vitamin C tablet, pill, and injection demonstrates that this method has wide pharmaceutical applications.展开更多
Methylprednisolone(MP) is currently the only drug confirmed to exhibit a neuroprotective effect on acute spinal cord injury(SCI). Vitamin C(VC) is a natural water-soluble antioxidant that exerts neuroprotective ...Methylprednisolone(MP) is currently the only drug confirmed to exhibit a neuroprotective effect on acute spinal cord injury(SCI). Vitamin C(VC) is a natural water-soluble antioxidant that exerts neuroprotective effects through eliminating free radical damage to nerve cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs), as multipotent stem cells, are promising candidates in SCI repair. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of MP, VC and BMMSCs on traumatic SCI, 80 adult male rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, SCI(SCI induction by weight-drop method), MP(SCI induction, followed by administration of 30 mg/kg MP via the tail vein, once every other 6 hours, for five times), VC(SCI induction, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg VC once a day, for 28 days), MP + VC(SCI induction, followed by administration of MP and VC as the former), BMMSCs(SCI induction, followed by injection of 3 × 10~6 BMMSCs at the injury site), and BMMSCs + VC(SCI induction, followed by BMMSCs injection and VC administration as the former). Locomotor recovery was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale. Injured spinal cord tissue was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. BMMSCs intervention better promoted recovery of nerve function of rats with SCI, mitigated nerve cell damage, and decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes than MP and/or VC. More importantly, BMMSCs in combination with VC induced more obvious improvements. These results suggest that VC can enhance the neuroprotective effects of BMMSCs against SCI.展开更多
Based on the instantaneous high-pressure(IHP)produced by high-pressure single pole-cylinder pump, the effects of combining this pressure with medium temperature on the retention of total vitamin C(Vc)in wax gourd juic...Based on the instantaneous high-pressure(IHP)produced by high-pressure single pole-cylinder pump, the effects of combining this pressure with medium temperature on the retention of total vitamin C(Vc)in wax gourd juices were investigated under 20 - 80 MPa, 35 - 58℃, pH 3. 0 - 6. 0 and processing time 0-8 min. Results showed that the loss of Vc increased with elevated processing temperatures(50 MPa, 4 min). When the temperature of raw juices was 35℃, the retention of total Vc was higher under 40 - 60 MPa than that under the pressure < 40 MPa or > 60 MPa, and it was up to 94%(4 min). The retention of total Vc decreases slowly within 6 min, but rapidly after 6 min. The pH can also influence the retention of total Vc, and this retention can come to a highest point at pH 6.0.展开更多
The synthesis of acyclovir and L-ascorbic acid with divinyladipate was performed with alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis and lipase from Lipozyme (immobilized from Mucor miehei) in different anhydrous organic so...The synthesis of acyclovir and L-ascorbic acid with divinyladipate was performed with alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis and lipase from Lipozyme (immobilized from Mucor miehei) in different anhydrous organic solvents. Two corresponding derivatives were obtained.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low ambient temperature (LAT) and dietary vitamin C (VC) sup- plementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) and the relative expression of hypoxia...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low ambient temperature (LAT) and dietary vitamin C (VC) sup- plementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) and the relative expression of hypoxia inducible factor-la (HIF-la), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA of lungs in 21-d-old broilers. 400 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were assigned randomly to 4 treatments as follows for 21 d: 1 ) LAT and a basal diet; 2) LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC (LAT+VC); 3) normal ambient temperature (NAT) and a basal diet; 4) NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC (NAT+VC). Each treatment was composed of 10 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. Samples of lung were collected after the broilers were killed at d 21. LAT increased the ratio of vessel wall area to vessel total area (WA/TA, %) and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA, %) (P〈0.05). Dietary VC supplementation decreased mMTPA (P〈0.05), but had no effect on the WA/TA. LAT increased (P〈0.05) the relative mRNA expression of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2, while adding VC to the diet could decrease (P〈0.05) their relative mRNA expression. A significant positive correlation existed between the level of VEGF mRNA expression and the value of WA/WT (P〈0.05) or mMTPA (P〈0.05). These results suggested LAT resulted in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the increase of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression, and dietary VC supplementation can alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in broiler by affecting these gene expression.展开更多
Objective To investigate the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on mouse brain mitochondria as well as the protective effect of vitamin C in vitro. Method Mouse brain mitochondria in vitro was incu...Objective To investigate the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on mouse brain mitochondria as well as the protective effect of vitamin C in vitro. Method Mouse brain mitochondria in vitro was incubated with CSE or nicotine in the absence or presence of vitamin C for 60 minutes, and the changes of mitochondrial function and structure were measured. Results CSE inhibited mitochondrial ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase activities in a dose-dependent manner. However, no significant changes in the peroxidation indices were observed when mitochondrial respiratory enzymes activity was inhibited, and protection of mitochondria from CSE-induced injury by vitamin C was not displayed in vitro. The effect of CSE on mouse brain mitochondria swelling response to calcium stimulation was dependent on calcium concentrations. CSE inhibited swelling of mitochondria at 6.5μmol/L Ca2+, but promoted swelling response at 250μmol/L Ca2+. Nicotine, the major component of cigarette smoke, showed no significant damage in mouse brain mitochondria in vitro. The CSE treatment induced mitochondrial inner membrane damage and vacuolization of the matrix, whereas the outer mitochondrial membrane appeared to be preserved. Conclusion The toxic effect of CSE on brain mitochondria may be due to its direct action on enzymatic activity rather than through oxygen free radical injury. Nicotine is not the responsible component for the toxicity of CSE to brain mitochondria.展开更多
The cathodic wave of vitamin C has not been reported in the literature so far.Its E_(1/2)was found at-1.85 volt vs.Ag/AgCl(25℃)in the base solution of 0.1mol/L Bu_4NI.Various electrochemical and spectral techniques w...The cathodic wave of vitamin C has not been reported in the literature so far.Its E_(1/2)was found at-1.85 volt vs.Ag/AgCl(25℃)in the base solution of 0.1mol/L Bu_4NI.Various electrochemical and spectral techniques were used for studying the electrode reaction. They all showed that the electrode reaction was quasi-reversible while C was more than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L and mainly adsorptive while C was less than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L at a mercury electrode.The electron transfer number was 2 and the electron transfer coefficient 0.57. Using DPP techniques,the linear response range was 5.0×10^(-7)-2.0×10^(-3)mol/L and the detection limit 1×10^(-7)mol/L.展开更多
BACKGROUND Vitamin C(VC)is a common antioxidant with cell protection potentials.However,its possible protective effect on cardiac autonomic nerves from diabetic induced insults is yet to be explored.AIM To investigate...BACKGROUND Vitamin C(VC)is a common antioxidant with cell protection potentials.However,its possible protective effect on cardiac autonomic nerves from diabetic induced insults is yet to be explored.AIM To investigate the effects of VC on diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were equally grouped into control,diabetic and diabetic+VC.Type 2 diabetes was induced with fructose diet and alloxan.VC(1 g/kg)was administered for 4 wk via oral canula.Blood pressure and heart rate were measured non-invasively using tail flick blood pressure monitor.Spectral analysis of heart rate variability(HRV)was used to assess cardiac autonomic neuropathy.Blood was collected from the ocular sinus for biochemical analysis.Urethane(1 g/kg-ip)was used for anaesthesia prior to HRV and cervical dislocation to harvest hearts.Intracardiac autonomic nerve was assessed using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry on fixed heart sections.RESULTS Results were analysed using ANOVA atα0.05.Unlike VC and control groups,diabetic rats showed significantly(P<0.0001)reduced HRV,increased heart-rate and blood pressure,initial increase in cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase activities at week-2 and sparse activity at week-4 of diabetes.Furthermore,apolipoprotein B,Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were significantly(P<0.01)reduced in VC treated rats.CONCLUSION VC possesses cardio-autonomic nerve protective potential and ameliorates the symptoms of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.The possible mechanisms via which VC exert these effects may be via downregulation of oxidative stress,inflammation and apolipoprotein B.展开更多
Vitamin C(VC)can greatly enhance the quality properties of dough and steamed bread in the food field.However,there are few studies on the interaction between VC and gluten,and the mechanism of VC influencing the foami...Vitamin C(VC)can greatly enhance the quality properties of dough and steamed bread in the food field.However,there are few studies on the interaction between VC and gluten,and the mechanism of VC influencing the foaming capacity,emulsifiablity,and dynamic viscosity of gluten is not clear.In this study,different content of VC(0,1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)was added to gluten to obtain VC-gluten dough samples(CK,GV1,GV2,GV3,GV4 and GV5),and the properties of the VC-gluten dough were determined.Results showed that the increasing VC content lead to increase in the content of high-,medium-and low-molecular weight gluten,suggesting that VC improved the protein solubility of gluten.The G'and G"values of dough containing VC were higher than those of the control with the increase of scanning frequency.The foaming ability of gluten increased with the increase of VC content.Emulsibility of the dough of GV1 to GV 5 were significantly lower than that of the CK.Furthermore,VC could reduce the number of bubbles in gluten protein,when the VC content was less than 3%.In conclusion,VC might reduce the emulsifying characteristic and emulsifying stability of gluten,increase the solubility of gluten,and improve the dynamic viscosity of gluten dough by changing the content of disulfide bond in gluten.This study hopes to not only improve the functional characteristics of gluten protein,but also provide the basis for future development and improvement of VC-enriched health foods.展开更多
基金funded by the Nactional Natural Science Foundation of China(81872618)。
文摘Mental disorders seriously affect people’s health and social stability.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study was designed to investigate the causal relationship between circulating vitamin C(VC)or 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)levels and mental disorders.The data used for the MR analysis were derived from the summary genome-wide association studies(GWAS)database for VC and 25(OH)D and from the Finn Gen consortium for fourteen mental disorders.Based on the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,we found a potential causal association between circulating VC and anxiety disorders(IVW:OR=1.139,95%CI:1.023-1.269,P=0.018).However,no causal association was found between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders(P>0.05).In the reverse MR analysis,individuals with Alzheimer’s disease was causally associated with higher concentrations of circulating VC(P=0.012),while individuals with anxiety disorders had a negative association between the concentrations of 25(OH)D(P=0.012).However,the current evidence does not support a causal relationship between VC or 25(OH)D and other mental disorders.In addition,there was no causal association between circulating VC and 25(OH)D(P>0.05).Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms of potential causality.
文摘Purpose: To optimize the extraction process of vitamin C from durian endocarp, and to determine the content of vitamin C in durian endocarp with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Method: Optimize ultrasonic extraction conditions by L9 (4<sup>3</sup>) orthogonal experiment by using octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as the stationary phase, using methanol (A): 0.1% oxalic acid (B) = 5:95 (V/V) as the mobile phase, setting the flow rate as 1.0 mL/min, and setting the wavelength as 254 nm for assay. Result: The optimal extraction process is as follows: the material-liquid ratio is 1:12, the extraction solvent is 2% oxalic acid aqueous solution, and the extraction time is 30 min;Vitamin C has a good linearity within the concentration range of 5.4 - 108.0 mg·mL<sup>-1</sup>, and the regression equation is y = 37698x - 61035 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9996);the average recovery rate is 99.03%, the instruments are of high precision with good stability. Conclusion: This extraction process performs well in simplicity, costs and extraction efficiency, which may accelerate the development and utilization of vitamin C extraction from durian endocarp, and provide references to relevant studies and practices.
文摘China,recognized as the world’s largest developing nation,displays considerably lower per capita consumption of dietary supplements in comparison to Asian nations such as Japan and South Korea.However,in recent years,there has been a substantial surge in health consciousness among the Chinese populace.This trend is not confined to the middle-aged and elderly;even younger consumer demographics are exhibiting increased health awareness.Consequently,the target demographic for dietary supplements is transitioning towards a younger demographic.Within the Chinese dietary supplement industry,vitamin C has consistently held the largest market share,commanding a broad consumer base.This underscores the substantial role of vitamin C in the dietary supplement sector.In response to the trend towards a younger target demographic in the dietary supplement industry,adjustments are required to accommodate the preferences of this younger consumer group.This research,guided by Norman’s emotional design framework,executed a survey of over 200 respondents to investigate the preferences of Generation Z consumers in China.The research encompassed packaging,product forms,and brand imagery,corresponding to the emotional design’s visceral,behavioral,and reflective layers,with a primary focus on optimally meeting the emotional needs of Generation Z.The findings indicated that consumers favor products in capsule form,packaged in zip-lock.The predominant color scheme is clean white,accented by vibrant orange elements,while emphasizing the product’s health and scientific attributes.This study offers valuable insights for the continued evolution of the vitamin C dietary supplement market in China.
文摘Objective:The frequent consumption of deep-fried foods has been linked to high risk of certain non-communicable diseases.As a consequence,the safety of deep-fried oil(DFO)ingested with fried foods has been called into question.This study therefore evaluated the effects of DFO from palm kernel on serum 4-hydroxynonenal protein adduct formation,De Ritis ratio(DRR),liver histology and atherogenicity in Wistar rats and the role of vitamin C intervention.Methods:Deep-fried oil samples were characterized for total antioxidant capacity(TAC),degradation and metal contamination levels and compared against counterpart unused frying oil(UFO).In the animal experiment,both oil samples,sourced from commercial cooks,were orally administered,for 13 weeks,to sixty-two rats randomly divided into six test groups of two exposure levels alongside vitamin C control.After exposure,serum liver enzyme activities and lipoproteins levels were determined using colorimetric methods,while protein adducts levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Histopathological examinations of liver tissues were also performed.Results:DFO had significantly lower(P=0.021)TAC,significantly higher(P=0.024)volatile acid and Pb concentrations compared to UFO.Exposure to DFO significantly increased(P<0.01)serum protein adduct formation,the De Ritis ratio and caused cytoplasmic vacuolation and pigment deposit on liver tissues compared to the control.Additionally,DFO exposures had an initial negative body weight gain rate that increased at the end of the study.Conclusion:However,co-administration of vitamin C significantly reduced(P<0.05)the De Ritis ratio and reduced the serum protein adducts levels by at least 15%.Concomitant intake of vitamin C and DFO can mitigate probable adverse effects.
文摘Background:The effectiveness of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infections was evaluated in a meta-analysis.Methods:A total 2,573 children with upper respiratory tract infections were included in the meta-analysis,1,280 of whom received vitamin C and 1,293 who received control medication.The analysis of findings related to the studies included was done through random or fixed effects model to determine whether vitamin C supplementation could stop and control upper respiratory tract infections in children using mean difference(MD)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Results:On average,vitamin C-treated children had fewer upper respiratory tract infection bouts,their illness lasted shorter(MD-0.84;95%CI-1.47 to-0.20,P=0.009),and they were less contagious than the control.Conclusions:The number of episodes and illness duration of upper respiratory tract-infected pediatric subjects were considerably reduced in the intervention group(vitamin C)compared to the control.Due to the small sample size in four of 11 studies and the limited number of studies included for comparison,the outcomes should be carefully examined.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0500500,20170502200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972529)+1 种基金the Innovative Transforming Project of Shaanxi Agricultural Achievements in Science&Technology(NYKJ-2018-YL15)the Program for Shaanxi Science&Technology from Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department(2021TD-30).
文摘Background:Many researches about in ovo feeding(IOF)of vitamin C(VC)are gradually carried out to explore physiological development in chicken,but little studies focus on VC synthesis capacity of the embryo itself,the selection of injection site and the effectiveness of IOF of VC.This study aims to explore the above problems.Results:Kidney and yolk sac were the main organs for VC synthesis and L-gulonolactone oxidase(GLO)expression was lower during pre-hatch development than that during post-hatch development.Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1(SVCT1)expression was increased continuously in yolk sac from embryonic age 19(E19)to post-hatch day 1(D1)and in intestine(duodenum,jejunum and ileum)from E17 to D1.Plasma VC content was higher at D1 than that at D21 and D42.IOF of VC significantly reduced GLO expression in liver,kidney and yolk sac as well as SVCT1 expression in duodenum,jejunum and ileum,but increased the VC content in plasma,brain,kidney and liver.In addition,IOF of VC obviously reduced the embryonic morality and increased the hatchability under heat stress.Conclusions:This study suggested that IOF of VC at E11 in yolk was effective for embryonic VC supplementation.These findings provide a theoretical reference about the method of embryonic VC supplementation and effective methodology on embryonic VC nutrition in broiler chickens.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and vitamin C on ventral prostatic antioxidant system in adult male rats. Methods: A group of 20 adult male rats were administered ip Aroclor 1254 in corn oil at a dose of 2 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 30 days. Ten control rats were administered only the vehicle. After 30 days the treated rats were divided at random into 2 sub-groups of 10 animals each. One sub-group received vitamin C at a dose of 500 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 10 days. The other group was maintained as Aroclor 1254 control. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment the rats were killed by decapitation. Ventral prostatic homogenate was prepared and used for the estimation of enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and prostatic acid phosphatase. The serum levels of total T3, total T4, TSH, testosterone and estradiol were also assayed. Results: The body weight and ventral prostatic weight were reduced in PCB treated rats. The activities of SOD, CAT, GST and acid phosphatase were decreased while the levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation were increased in the ventral prostate of PCB treated rats. Administration of vitamin C restored these parameters. Serum levels of thyroid hormones, estradiol and testosterone were decreased in PCB treated animals. Administration of vitamin C restored the thyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: PCB induces oxidative stress and decreases the antioxidant enzymes in the ventral prostate of adult male rats; the effects could be reversed by the administration of vitamin C.
基金Supported by the Jilin Provincial Government Department of Science and Technology,China( No.2 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 )
文摘A group of experimental rats under free radical damage are given various amounts of a lipophilic vitamin C(ascorbyl-6-laurate, VC-12), and its parent compound, vitamin C, respectively. It has been found that the effects of 1 12 mmol/kg VC-12 on decreasing triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and lipid peroxide(LPO), and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) are similar to those of 2 27 mmol/kg vitamin C. In addition, VC-12(1 12 mmol/kg) can increase the prostacycline(PGI 2) and decrease the thromboxane(TXA 2) even better than vitamin C(2 27 mmol/kg). The above facts demonstrate that the antioxidative activity of VC-12 is higher than twice that of vitamin C. So, ascorbyl-6-laurate may be a novel antioxidant drug against free radical damage.
基金supported by grants from the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of NSFC(No.81721005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81773712,and No.81473198)+1 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2014CB744601)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT No.13016)
文摘In this review,we summarize the involvement of vitamin C in mental disorders by presenting available evidence on its pharmacological effects in animal models as well as in clinical studies.Vitamin C,especially its reduced form,has gained interest for its multiple functions in various tissues and organs,including central nervous system(CNS).Vitamin C protects the neuron against oxidative stress,alleviates inflammation,regulates the neurotransmission,affects neuronal development and controls epigenetic function.All of these processes are closely associated with psychopathology.In the past few decades,scientists have revealed that the deficiency of vitamin C may lead to motor deficit,cognitive impairment and aberrant behaviors,whereas supplement of vitamin C has a potential preventive and therapeutic effect on mental illness,such as major depressive disorder(MDD),schizophrenia,anxiety and Alzheimer's disease(AD).Although several studies support a possible role of vitamin C against mental disorders,more researches are essential to accelerate the knowledge and investigate the mechanism in this field.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51134020)the Shenhua Group Corporation Limited(No.U1361213)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(No.BK20141132)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2014QNB01)
文摘Simultaneous thermal analysis was used to study the influence of Vitamin C as possible chemical additive inhibiting coal oxidation process at low temperature. Some oxidation characteristics of Vitamin C affecting the coal oxidation were investigated at different heating rates. The TG-DSC data show that the impact of Vitamin C on coal oxidation process can be directly evaluated using ignition temperature and critical temperature. Comparison with the effect of water on coal oxidation shows that Vitamin C is more efficient than water. However, the blank experiment conducted with inert a-Al2O3 also suggests that Vitamin C can decompose at about 200 ℃, which limits the usage of Vitamin C on inhibiting coal oxidation.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, China(No.200305502)
文摘A novel method for the determination of vitamin C(Vc) is proposed in this article. After the reaction with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent at ambient temperature, Vc solution was scanned at 750--1100 nm, and its first-order derivative spectrum were obtained from the original spectrum. The values of derivative selected at 995 nm were used for determination. It was proved that Vc could quickly react with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent within 5 min and the product was quite stable for a long time. The conditions required for this method is not very complicated, its precision and accuracy are similar to those of the iodometric titration described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the limit of detection is 0.312 μg/mL. The determination of the results of vitamin C tablet, pill, and injection demonstrates that this method has wide pharmaceutical applications.
基金funded by Project Management Unit,Banha University,Banha,Egypt
文摘Methylprednisolone(MP) is currently the only drug confirmed to exhibit a neuroprotective effect on acute spinal cord injury(SCI). Vitamin C(VC) is a natural water-soluble antioxidant that exerts neuroprotective effects through eliminating free radical damage to nerve cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs), as multipotent stem cells, are promising candidates in SCI repair. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of MP, VC and BMMSCs on traumatic SCI, 80 adult male rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control, SCI(SCI induction by weight-drop method), MP(SCI induction, followed by administration of 30 mg/kg MP via the tail vein, once every other 6 hours, for five times), VC(SCI induction, followed by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg VC once a day, for 28 days), MP + VC(SCI induction, followed by administration of MP and VC as the former), BMMSCs(SCI induction, followed by injection of 3 × 10~6 BMMSCs at the injury site), and BMMSCs + VC(SCI induction, followed by BMMSCs injection and VC administration as the former). Locomotor recovery was assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale. Injured spinal cord tissue was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. Expression of transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes was determined using real-time quantitative PCR. BMMSCs intervention better promoted recovery of nerve function of rats with SCI, mitigated nerve cell damage, and decreased expression of transforming growth factor-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 genes than MP and/or VC. More importantly, BMMSCs in combination with VC induced more obvious improvements. These results suggest that VC can enhance the neuroprotective effects of BMMSCs against SCI.
文摘Based on the instantaneous high-pressure(IHP)produced by high-pressure single pole-cylinder pump, the effects of combining this pressure with medium temperature on the retention of total vitamin C(Vc)in wax gourd juices were investigated under 20 - 80 MPa, 35 - 58℃, pH 3. 0 - 6. 0 and processing time 0-8 min. Results showed that the loss of Vc increased with elevated processing temperatures(50 MPa, 4 min). When the temperature of raw juices was 35℃, the retention of total Vc was higher under 40 - 60 MPa than that under the pressure < 40 MPa or > 60 MPa, and it was up to 94%(4 min). The retention of total Vc decreases slowly within 6 min, but rapidly after 6 min. The pH can also influence the retention of total Vc, and this retention can come to a highest point at pH 6.0.
文摘The synthesis of acyclovir and L-ascorbic acid with divinyladipate was performed with alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis and lipase from Lipozyme (immobilized from Mucor miehei) in different anhydrous organic solvents. Two corresponding derivatives were obtained.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101733)
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low ambient temperature (LAT) and dietary vitamin C (VC) sup- plementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR) and the relative expression of hypoxia inducible factor-la (HIF-la), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA of lungs in 21-d-old broilers. 400 1-d-old male Cobb broilers were assigned randomly to 4 treatments as follows for 21 d: 1 ) LAT and a basal diet; 2) LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC (LAT+VC); 3) normal ambient temperature (NAT) and a basal diet; 4) NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg kg-1 VC (NAT+VC). Each treatment was composed of 10 replicates of 10 birds per replicate. Samples of lung were collected after the broilers were killed at d 21. LAT increased the ratio of vessel wall area to vessel total area (WA/TA, %) and mean media thickness in pulmonary arterioles (mMTPA, %) (P〈0.05). Dietary VC supplementation decreased mMTPA (P〈0.05), but had no effect on the WA/TA. LAT increased (P〈0.05) the relative mRNA expression of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2, while adding VC to the diet could decrease (P〈0.05) their relative mRNA expression. A significant positive correlation existed between the level of VEGF mRNA expression and the value of WA/WT (P〈0.05) or mMTPA (P〈0.05). These results suggested LAT resulted in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the increase of HIF-la, VEGF and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression, and dietary VC supplementation can alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in broiler by affecting these gene expression.
文摘Objective To investigate the toxicity of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on mouse brain mitochondria as well as the protective effect of vitamin C in vitro. Method Mouse brain mitochondria in vitro was incubated with CSE or nicotine in the absence or presence of vitamin C for 60 minutes, and the changes of mitochondrial function and structure were measured. Results CSE inhibited mitochondrial ATPase and cytochrome C oxidase activities in a dose-dependent manner. However, no significant changes in the peroxidation indices were observed when mitochondrial respiratory enzymes activity was inhibited, and protection of mitochondria from CSE-induced injury by vitamin C was not displayed in vitro. The effect of CSE on mouse brain mitochondria swelling response to calcium stimulation was dependent on calcium concentrations. CSE inhibited swelling of mitochondria at 6.5μmol/L Ca2+, but promoted swelling response at 250μmol/L Ca2+. Nicotine, the major component of cigarette smoke, showed no significant damage in mouse brain mitochondria in vitro. The CSE treatment induced mitochondrial inner membrane damage and vacuolization of the matrix, whereas the outer mitochondrial membrane appeared to be preserved. Conclusion The toxic effect of CSE on brain mitochondria may be due to its direct action on enzymatic activity rather than through oxygen free radical injury. Nicotine is not the responsible component for the toxicity of CSE to brain mitochondria.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China and by Foundation of Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Academia Sinica
文摘The cathodic wave of vitamin C has not been reported in the literature so far.Its E_(1/2)was found at-1.85 volt vs.Ag/AgCl(25℃)in the base solution of 0.1mol/L Bu_4NI.Various electrochemical and spectral techniques were used for studying the electrode reaction. They all showed that the electrode reaction was quasi-reversible while C was more than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L and mainly adsorptive while C was less than 1.0×10^(-6)mol/L at a mercury electrode.The electron transfer number was 2 and the electron transfer coefficient 0.57. Using DPP techniques,the linear response range was 5.0×10^(-7)-2.0×10^(-3)mol/L and the detection limit 1×10^(-7)mol/L.
基金Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti for granting funds to support this research
文摘BACKGROUND Vitamin C(VC)is a common antioxidant with cell protection potentials.However,its possible protective effect on cardiac autonomic nerves from diabetic induced insults is yet to be explored.AIM To investigate the effects of VC on diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were equally grouped into control,diabetic and diabetic+VC.Type 2 diabetes was induced with fructose diet and alloxan.VC(1 g/kg)was administered for 4 wk via oral canula.Blood pressure and heart rate were measured non-invasively using tail flick blood pressure monitor.Spectral analysis of heart rate variability(HRV)was used to assess cardiac autonomic neuropathy.Blood was collected from the ocular sinus for biochemical analysis.Urethane(1 g/kg-ip)was used for anaesthesia prior to HRV and cervical dislocation to harvest hearts.Intracardiac autonomic nerve was assessed using tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry on fixed heart sections.RESULTS Results were analysed using ANOVA atα0.05.Unlike VC and control groups,diabetic rats showed significantly(P<0.0001)reduced HRV,increased heart-rate and blood pressure,initial increase in cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase activities at week-2 and sparse activity at week-4 of diabetes.Furthermore,apolipoprotein B,Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were significantly(P<0.01)reduced in VC treated rats.CONCLUSION VC possesses cardio-autonomic nerve protective potential and ameliorates the symptoms of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.The possible mechanisms via which VC exert these effects may be via downregulation of oxidative stress,inflammation and apolipoprotein B.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31771897,31871852,and 31772023).
文摘Vitamin C(VC)can greatly enhance the quality properties of dough and steamed bread in the food field.However,there are few studies on the interaction between VC and gluten,and the mechanism of VC influencing the foaming capacity,emulsifiablity,and dynamic viscosity of gluten is not clear.In this study,different content of VC(0,1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)was added to gluten to obtain VC-gluten dough samples(CK,GV1,GV2,GV3,GV4 and GV5),and the properties of the VC-gluten dough were determined.Results showed that the increasing VC content lead to increase in the content of high-,medium-and low-molecular weight gluten,suggesting that VC improved the protein solubility of gluten.The G'and G"values of dough containing VC were higher than those of the control with the increase of scanning frequency.The foaming ability of gluten increased with the increase of VC content.Emulsibility of the dough of GV1 to GV 5 were significantly lower than that of the CK.Furthermore,VC could reduce the number of bubbles in gluten protein,when the VC content was less than 3%.In conclusion,VC might reduce the emulsifying characteristic and emulsifying stability of gluten,increase the solubility of gluten,and improve the dynamic viscosity of gluten dough by changing the content of disulfide bond in gluten.This study hopes to not only improve the functional characteristics of gluten protein,but also provide the basis for future development and improvement of VC-enriched health foods.