The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing...The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.展开更多
The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trac...The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trace amount of yttrium and the optimal adding amount is about 0 27%(wt)(in binder) Experimental results indicate that owing to adding yttrium, in as sintered cemented carbides the sizes of carbide grains and Co rich binder regions are reduced and their size homogeneity is improved, while in the binder, both dissolved contents of tungsten and titanium and volume proportion of the ductile α Co phase with f c c lattice are increased Therefore, the strength toughness of the binder and the cemented carbide which consists of the carbides and the binder are apparently enhanced Besides, it is found that many Y 2WO 6 particles appear along the WC/WC or WC/Co rich phase interfaces in as sintered carbide alloy with yttrium addition until 4 5%(wt), showing that during liquid phase sintering process of the alloys the segregation of yttrium atoms and Y 2WO 6 forming reaction might take place on the carbide particles/liquid binder interfaces, reducing the oxide films on the surface of WC particles and strengthening the cohesion of WC particles with Co rich binder展开更多
Wearability is one of important factors for the textile product quality. The wearability of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics was mainly discussed which were treated with chitosan and cupper ammonia solution. Tensile and bu...Wearability is one of important factors for the textile product quality. The wearability of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics was mainly discussed which were treated with chitosan and cupper ammonia solution. Tensile and bursting properties, abrasion resistance,drapability,air permeability,moisture-penetrability and warmth retention properties of fabrics were tested to investigate the changes. The results showed that chitosan pretreatment improved the tensile and bursting strengths,abrasion resistance and moisture penetrability,but decreased the drapability and air permeability.Copper ammonia solution treatments decreased the tensile and bursting strengths,abrasion resistance and air permeability,but increased the drapability, moisture penetrability and warmth retention properties.展开更多
A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic ...A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction. The results show the hardness ofsurfacing metal increases with the increase of ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V) andgraphite in the coat. However, when graphite reaches the volume fraction of 11 percent, the hardnessreaches its peak value, and when beyond 11 percent, the hardness falls off. As Fe-Ti, Fe-V andgraphite increase, the cracking resistance of deposited metal and usability of electrode declines.Carbides are dispersedly distributed in the matrix structure. The matrix micro structure ofdeposited metal is lath martensite. Carbides present irregular block. When using the researchedsurfacing electrode to continue weld with non-preheated, no seeable crack or only a few micro-crackscan be observed in the surface of deposited metal. The hardness is above 60 HRC. The wearresistance is better than that of EDZCr-C-15.展开更多
In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five repre...In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.展开更多
Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes...Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.展开更多
The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,f...The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system,which is capable of highly efficient acquisition,analysis,and even perception of vast,multifaceted data.While challenging from a manual perspective,the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm(machine learning)and the framework(artificial synapses)level.This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven,intelligent flexible sensing systems.The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced.The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed,which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems,soft/humanoid robotics,and human activity monitoring.As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century,the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.展开更多
Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer survivors.Trials of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The objective of this study ...Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer survivors.Trials of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in Australia.Methods:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control arms.Intervention participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching sessions.Control participants received PA print materials.Accelerometer assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary behavior.Results:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention group.Both groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group differences.Conclusion:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.展开更多
Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors...Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials.MXenes,a new family of 2D nanomaterials,have been draw-ing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conduc-tivity,processability,mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.In this review,we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites,their structure-property relationship,and applications in the flexible sensor domain.Moreover,our discussion is not only lim-ited to sensor design,their mechanism,and various modes of sensing platform,but also their future perspective and market throughout the world.With our article,we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.展开更多
Electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases,for which wearable electronics have attracted much attention due to their lightweight,comfort,and long-term use.This study developed a weara...Electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases,for which wearable electronics have attracted much attention due to their lightweight,comfort,and long-term use.This study developed a wearablemultilead ECG sensing system with on-skin stretchable and conductive silver(Ag)-coated fiber/silicone(AgCF-S)dry adhesives.Tangential and normal adhesion to pigskin(0.43 and 0.20 N/cm2,respectively)was optimized by the active control of fiber density and mixing ratio,resulting in close contact in the electrode–skin interface.The breathableAgCF-S dry electrodewas nonallergenic after continuous fit for 24 h and can be reused/cleaned(>100 times)without loss of adhesion.The AgCF encapsulated inside silicone elastomers was overlapped to construct a dynamic network under repeated stretching(10%strain)and bending(90°)deformations,enabling small intrinsic impedance(0.3,0.1 Hz)and contact impedance variation(0.7 k)in high-frequency vibration(70 Hz).All hard/soft modules of the multilead ECG system were integrated into lightweight clothing and equipped with wireless transmission for signal visualization.By synchronous acquisition of I–III,aVR,aVL,aVF,and V4 lead data,the multilead ECG sensing system was suitable for various scenarios,such as exercise,rest,and sleep,with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios.展开更多
Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)exhibit remarkable thermal and dielectric properties.However,their self-assembly and alignment in macroscopic forms remain challenging due to the chemical inertness of boron ni...Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)exhibit remarkable thermal and dielectric properties.However,their self-assembly and alignment in macroscopic forms remain challenging due to the chemical inertness of boron nitride,thereby limiting their performance in applications such as thermal management.In this study,we present a coaxial wet spinning approach for the fabrication of BNNSs/polymer composite fibers with high nanosheet orientation.The composite fibers were prepared using a superacid-based solvent system and showed a layered structure comprising an aramid core and an aramid/BNNSs sheath.Notably,the coaxial fibers exhibited significantly higher BNNSs alignment compared to uniaxial aramid/BNNSs fibers,primarily due to the additional compressive forces exerted at the core-sheath interface during the hot drawing process.With a BNNSs loading of 60 wt%,the resulting coaxial fibers showed exceptional properties,including an ultrahigh Herman orientation parameter of 0.81,thermal conductivity of 17.2 W m^(-1)K^(-1),and tensile strength of 192.5 MPa.These results surpassed those of uniaxial fibers and previously reported BNNSs composite fibers,making them highly suitable for applications such as wearable thermal management textiles.Our findings present a promising strategy for fabricating high-performance composite fibers based on BNNSs.展开更多
Pedestrian positioning system(PPS)using wearable inertial sensors has wide applications towards various emerging fields such as smart healthcare,emergency rescue,soldier positioning,etc.The performance of traditional ...Pedestrian positioning system(PPS)using wearable inertial sensors has wide applications towards various emerging fields such as smart healthcare,emergency rescue,soldier positioning,etc.The performance of traditional PPS is limited by the cumulative error of inertial sensors,complex motion modes of pedestrians,and the low robustness of the multi-sensor collaboration structure.This paper presents a hybrid pedestrian positioning system using the combination of wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging(H-PPS).A robust two nodes integration structure is developed to adaptively combine the motion data acquired from the single waist-mounted and foot-mounted node,and enhanced by a novel ellipsoid constraint model.In addition,a deep-learning-based walking speed estimator is proposed by considering all the motion features provided by different nodes,which effectively reduces the cumulative error originating from inertial sensors.Finally,a comprehensive data and model dual-driven model is presented to effectively combine the motion data provided by different sensor nodes and walking speed estimator,and multi-level constraints are extracted to further improve the performance of the overall system.Experimental results indicate that the proposed H-PPS significantly improves the performance of the single PPS and outperforms existing algorithms in accuracy index under complex indoor scenarios.展开更多
Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible p...Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible proximity sensors can accurately perceive external objects without contact,introducing a new way to achieve an ultrasensitive perception of objects.This article reviews the progress of fl exible capacitive proximity sensors,fl exible triboelectric proximity sensors,and fl exible gate-enhanced proximity sensors,focusing on their applications in the electronic skin fi eld.Herein,their working mechanism,materials,preparation methods,and research progress are discussed in detail.Finally,we summarize the future challenges in developing fl exible proximity sensors.展开更多
Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in bio...Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.展开更多
Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in tur...Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSD and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. During the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.展开更多
High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on ...High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on an experimental study on the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck of the Bengbu Bridge in Tianjin,China.The line friction test of standard specimens was adopted,and the aluminum alloy bridge deck's wearability was calculated.The electrochemical test was conducted to measure the corrosion rate and morphology characteristics of specimens that were corroded in various solutions that simulated the atmospheric environment.The test results show that the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck are sufficient and met the project's requirements.The test methods proposed have practical significance for future engineering research,and the test results are useful for other engineering applications of aluminum alloys.展开更多
With the continuous advancement of science and technology,our lifestyles are undergoing significant changes,with wearable technology emerging as a captivating trend.In this digital era,there is a growing demand for so...With the continuous advancement of science and technology,our lifestyles are undergoing significant changes,with wearable technology emerging as a captivating trend.In this digital era,there is a growing demand for solutions that cater to people’s needs for health and comfort.The wearable inflatable massage chair represents one such innovation designed to meet these evolving needs.This project is focused on creating a“wearable and portable massage chair”that is both convenient and lightweight.It serves as a massage solution particularly beneficial for the elderly and sedentary individuals.This innovative chair can be used by the elderly during outings or errands,as well as by office workers on business trips,while driving,or commuting via subway.Users can simply lean against the seat or a wall,enjoying moments of relaxation amid the busy and fast-paced modern era.展开更多
The integration of wearable technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized healthcare, enabling advanced personal health monitoring systems. This article explores the transformative impact of wearabl...The integration of wearable technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized healthcare, enabling advanced personal health monitoring systems. This article explores the transformative impact of wearable technologies and AI on healthcare, highlighting the development and theoretical application of the Integrated Personal Health Monitoring System (IPHMS). By integrating data from various wearable devices, such as smartphones, Apple Watches, and Oura Rings, the IPHMS framework aims to revolutionize personal health monitoring through real-time alerts, comprehensive tracking, and personalized insights. Despite its potential, the practical implementation faces challenges, including data privacy, system interoperability, and scalability. The evolution of healthcare technology from traditional methods to AI-enhanced wearables underscores a significant advancement towards personalized care, necessitating further research and innovation to address existing limitations and fully realize the benefits of such integrated health monitoring systems.展开更多
Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing n...Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.展开更多
Phase change materials have a key role for wearable thermal management,but suffer from poor water vapor permeability,low enthalpy value and weak shape stability caused by liquid phase leakage and intrinsic rigidity of...Phase change materials have a key role for wearable thermal management,but suffer from poor water vapor permeability,low enthalpy value and weak shape stability caused by liquid phase leakage and intrinsic rigidity of solid–liquid phase change materials.Herein,we report for the first time a versatile strategy for designed assembly of high-enthalpy flexible phase change nonwovens(GB-PCN)by wet-spinning hybrid grapheneboron nitride(GB)fiber and subsequent impregnating paraffins(e.g.,eicosane,octadecane).As a result,our GB-PCN exhibited an unprecedented enthalpy value of 206.0 J g^(−1),excellent thermal reliability and anti-leakage capacity,superb thermal cycling ability of 97.6%after 1000 cycles,and ultrahigh water vapor permeability(close to the cotton),outperforming the reported PCM films and fibers to date.Notably,the wearable thermal management systems based on GB-PCN for both clothing and face mask were demonstrated,which can maintain the human body at a comfortable temperature range for a significantly long time.Therefore,our results demonstrate huge potential of GB-PCN for human-wearable passive thermal management in real scenarios.展开更多
文摘The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.
文摘The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trace amount of yttrium and the optimal adding amount is about 0 27%(wt)(in binder) Experimental results indicate that owing to adding yttrium, in as sintered cemented carbides the sizes of carbide grains and Co rich binder regions are reduced and their size homogeneity is improved, while in the binder, both dissolved contents of tungsten and titanium and volume proportion of the ductile α Co phase with f c c lattice are increased Therefore, the strength toughness of the binder and the cemented carbide which consists of the carbides and the binder are apparently enhanced Besides, it is found that many Y 2WO 6 particles appear along the WC/WC or WC/Co rich phase interfaces in as sintered carbide alloy with yttrium addition until 4 5%(wt), showing that during liquid phase sintering process of the alloys the segregation of yttrium atoms and Y 2WO 6 forming reaction might take place on the carbide particles/liquid binder interfaces, reducing the oxide films on the surface of WC particles and strengthening the cohesion of WC particles with Co rich binder
文摘Wearability is one of important factors for the textile product quality. The wearability of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics was mainly discussed which were treated with chitosan and cupper ammonia solution. Tensile and bursting properties, abrasion resistance,drapability,air permeability,moisture-penetrability and warmth retention properties of fabrics were tested to investigate the changes. The results showed that chitosan pretreatment improved the tensile and bursting strengths,abrasion resistance and moisture penetrability,but decreased the drapability and air permeability.Copper ammonia solution treatments decreased the tensile and bursting strengths,abrasion resistance and air permeability,but increased the drapability, moisture penetrability and warmth retention properties.
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong, China(No.Z2000F02).
文摘A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction. The results show the hardness ofsurfacing metal increases with the increase of ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V) andgraphite in the coat. However, when graphite reaches the volume fraction of 11 percent, the hardnessreaches its peak value, and when beyond 11 percent, the hardness falls off. As Fe-Ti, Fe-V andgraphite increase, the cracking resistance of deposited metal and usability of electrode declines.Carbides are dispersedly distributed in the matrix structure. The matrix micro structure ofdeposited metal is lath martensite. Carbides present irregular block. When using the researchedsurfacing electrode to continue weld with non-preheated, no seeable crack or only a few micro-crackscan be observed in the surface of deposited metal. The hardness is above 60 HRC. The wearresistance is better than that of EDZCr-C-15.
基金Innovation Team Building Program of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,China。
文摘In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.
基金Funding of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) (DD45001015)NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (Project N_City U123/15)+2 种基金the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20130401145617276 and R-IND4903)City University of Hong Kong (PJ7004645)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-BBA3) supported this work
文摘Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275346 and 52075287)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20221080070).
文摘The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system,which is capable of highly efficient acquisition,analysis,and even perception of vast,multifaceted data.While challenging from a manual perspective,the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm(machine learning)and the framework(artificial synapses)level.This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven,intelligent flexible sensing systems.The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced.The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed,which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems,soft/humanoid robotics,and human activity monitoring.As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century,the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.
基金sponsored by a grant from the Tonkin son Colorectal Cancer Research Fund(#57838)the Ministry of Education,Culture and Sports of Spain for the financing of the Jose Castillejo scholarship(CAS19/00043)to MLR。
文摘Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer survivors.Trials of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in Australia.Methods:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control arms.Intervention participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching sessions.Control participants received PA print materials.Accelerometer assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary behavior.Results:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention group.Both groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group differences.Conclusion:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer survivors.The results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada in the form of Discovery Grants to ARR and SS(RGPIN-2019-07246 and RGPIN-2022-04988).A.Rosenkranz greatly acknowledges the financial support given by ANID-Chile within the project Fondecyt Regular 1220331 and Fondequip EQM190057.B.Wang gratefully acknowledges the financial support given by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
文摘Flexible sensors based on MXene-polymer composites are highly prospective for next-generation wearable electronics used in human-machine interfaces.One of the motivating factors behind the progress of flexible sensors is the steady arrival of new conductive materials.MXenes,a new family of 2D nanomaterials,have been draw-ing attention since the last decade due to their high electronic conduc-tivity,processability,mechanical robustness and chemical tunability.In this review,we encompass the fabrication of MXene-based polymeric nanocomposites,their structure-property relationship,and applications in the flexible sensor domain.Moreover,our discussion is not only lim-ited to sensor design,their mechanism,and various modes of sensing platform,but also their future perspective and market throughout the world.With our article,we intend to fortify the bond between flexible matrices and MXenes thus promoting the swift advancement of flexible MXene-sensors for wearable technologies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B1515020087)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51905178)the Climbing Program Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.pdjh2022a0024).
文摘Electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring is used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases,for which wearable electronics have attracted much attention due to their lightweight,comfort,and long-term use.This study developed a wearablemultilead ECG sensing system with on-skin stretchable and conductive silver(Ag)-coated fiber/silicone(AgCF-S)dry adhesives.Tangential and normal adhesion to pigskin(0.43 and 0.20 N/cm2,respectively)was optimized by the active control of fiber density and mixing ratio,resulting in close contact in the electrode–skin interface.The breathableAgCF-S dry electrodewas nonallergenic after continuous fit for 24 h and can be reused/cleaned(>100 times)without loss of adhesion.The AgCF encapsulated inside silicone elastomers was overlapped to construct a dynamic network under repeated stretching(10%strain)and bending(90°)deformations,enabling small intrinsic impedance(0.3,0.1 Hz)and contact impedance variation(0.7 k)in high-frequency vibration(70 Hz).All hard/soft modules of the multilead ECG system were integrated into lightweight clothing and equipped with wireless transmission for signal visualization.By synchronous acquisition of I–III,aVR,aVL,aVF,and V4 lead data,the multilead ECG sensing system was suitable for various scenarios,such as exercise,rest,and sleep,with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Nos.2019YFA0705403,2022YFA1205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2293693)+3 种基金the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2017ZT07C341)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B0301030002)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(Nos.WDZC20200824091903001,JSGG20220831105402004)Zhiyuan Xiong thanks the financial support from South China University of Technology.
文摘Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)exhibit remarkable thermal and dielectric properties.However,their self-assembly and alignment in macroscopic forms remain challenging due to the chemical inertness of boron nitride,thereby limiting their performance in applications such as thermal management.In this study,we present a coaxial wet spinning approach for the fabrication of BNNSs/polymer composite fibers with high nanosheet orientation.The composite fibers were prepared using a superacid-based solvent system and showed a layered structure comprising an aramid core and an aramid/BNNSs sheath.Notably,the coaxial fibers exhibited significantly higher BNNSs alignment compared to uniaxial aramid/BNNSs fibers,primarily due to the additional compressive forces exerted at the core-sheath interface during the hot drawing process.With a BNNSs loading of 60 wt%,the resulting coaxial fibers showed exceptional properties,including an ultrahigh Herman orientation parameter of 0.81,thermal conductivity of 17.2 W m^(-1)K^(-1),and tensile strength of 192.5 MPa.These results surpassed those of uniaxial fibers and previously reported BNNSs composite fibers,making them highly suitable for applications such as wearable thermal management textiles.Our findings present a promising strategy for fabricating high-performance composite fibers based on BNNSs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under(Grant No.52175531)in part by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under Grant(Grant Nos.KJQN202000605 and KJZD-M202000602)。
文摘Pedestrian positioning system(PPS)using wearable inertial sensors has wide applications towards various emerging fields such as smart healthcare,emergency rescue,soldier positioning,etc.The performance of traditional PPS is limited by the cumulative error of inertial sensors,complex motion modes of pedestrians,and the low robustness of the multi-sensor collaboration structure.This paper presents a hybrid pedestrian positioning system using the combination of wearable inertial sensors and ultrasonic ranging(H-PPS).A robust two nodes integration structure is developed to adaptively combine the motion data acquired from the single waist-mounted and foot-mounted node,and enhanced by a novel ellipsoid constraint model.In addition,a deep-learning-based walking speed estimator is proposed by considering all the motion features provided by different nodes,which effectively reduces the cumulative error originating from inertial sensors.Finally,a comprehensive data and model dual-driven model is presented to effectively combine the motion data provided by different sensor nodes and walking speed estimator,and multi-level constraints are extracted to further improve the performance of the overall system.Experimental results indicate that the proposed H-PPS significantly improves the performance of the single PPS and outperforms existing algorithms in accuracy index under complex indoor scenarios.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022 YFF 1202700 and 2022YFB3203500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62225403,62375046,51973024,an d U19A2091)+2 种基金“111”Project(No.B13013)Natur al Sci ence Foundation of Jilin Pro vin ce(No.20230101113JC)the Funding from Jilin Pr ovince(No.20220502002GH).
文摘Recently,electronic skins and fl exible wearable devices have been developed for widespread applications in medical monitoring,artifi cial intelligence,human–machine interaction,and artifi cial prosthetics.Flexible proximity sensors can accurately perceive external objects without contact,introducing a new way to achieve an ultrasensitive perception of objects.This article reviews the progress of fl exible capacitive proximity sensors,fl exible triboelectric proximity sensors,and fl exible gate-enhanced proximity sensors,focusing on their applications in the electronic skin fi eld.Herein,their working mechanism,materials,preparation methods,and research progress are discussed in detail.Finally,we summarize the future challenges in developing fl exible proximity sensors.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFF1200700 and 2021YFA0911100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2225010,32171399,and 32171456)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-Sen University(No.22dfx02)Pazhou Lab,Guangzhou(No.PZL2021KF0003)The authors also would like to thank the funding support from the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments(No.pilab2211)QQOY would like to thank the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713645)JL would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62105380)and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693686).
文摘Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.
文摘Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSD and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. During the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.
基金Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No 20090002110046)
文摘High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on an experimental study on the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck of the Bengbu Bridge in Tianjin,China.The line friction test of standard specimens was adopted,and the aluminum alloy bridge deck's wearability was calculated.The electrochemical test was conducted to measure the corrosion rate and morphology characteristics of specimens that were corroded in various solutions that simulated the atmospheric environment.The test results show that the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck are sufficient and met the project's requirements.The test methods proposed have practical significance for future engineering research,and the test results are useful for other engineering applications of aluminum alloys.
文摘With the continuous advancement of science and technology,our lifestyles are undergoing significant changes,with wearable technology emerging as a captivating trend.In this digital era,there is a growing demand for solutions that cater to people’s needs for health and comfort.The wearable inflatable massage chair represents one such innovation designed to meet these evolving needs.This project is focused on creating a“wearable and portable massage chair”that is both convenient and lightweight.It serves as a massage solution particularly beneficial for the elderly and sedentary individuals.This innovative chair can be used by the elderly during outings or errands,as well as by office workers on business trips,while driving,or commuting via subway.Users can simply lean against the seat or a wall,enjoying moments of relaxation amid the busy and fast-paced modern era.
文摘The integration of wearable technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized healthcare, enabling advanced personal health monitoring systems. This article explores the transformative impact of wearable technologies and AI on healthcare, highlighting the development and theoretical application of the Integrated Personal Health Monitoring System (IPHMS). By integrating data from various wearable devices, such as smartphones, Apple Watches, and Oura Rings, the IPHMS framework aims to revolutionize personal health monitoring through real-time alerts, comprehensive tracking, and personalized insights. Despite its potential, the practical implementation faces challenges, including data privacy, system interoperability, and scalability. The evolution of healthcare technology from traditional methods to AI-enhanced wearables underscores a significant advancement towards personalized care, necessitating further research and innovation to address existing limitations and fully realize the benefits of such integrated health monitoring systems.
文摘Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21903082,22003065,22125903,51872283,22075279,21805273,22273100)Dalian Innovation Support Plan for High Level Talents(2019RT09)+3 种基金Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy(DNL),CAS,DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201912,DNL201915,DNL202016,DNL202019)DICP(DICP I2020032,DICP I202036,I202218)The Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(YLU-DNL Fund 2021002,YLU-DNL 2021007,YLU-DNL 2021009)Q.Shi would like to thank Dalian Outstanding Young Scientific Talent Program(Grant 2019RJ10).
文摘Phase change materials have a key role for wearable thermal management,but suffer from poor water vapor permeability,low enthalpy value and weak shape stability caused by liquid phase leakage and intrinsic rigidity of solid–liquid phase change materials.Herein,we report for the first time a versatile strategy for designed assembly of high-enthalpy flexible phase change nonwovens(GB-PCN)by wet-spinning hybrid grapheneboron nitride(GB)fiber and subsequent impregnating paraffins(e.g.,eicosane,octadecane).As a result,our GB-PCN exhibited an unprecedented enthalpy value of 206.0 J g^(−1),excellent thermal reliability and anti-leakage capacity,superb thermal cycling ability of 97.6%after 1000 cycles,and ultrahigh water vapor permeability(close to the cotton),outperforming the reported PCM films and fibers to date.Notably,the wearable thermal management systems based on GB-PCN for both clothing and face mask were demonstrated,which can maintain the human body at a comfortable temperature range for a significantly long time.Therefore,our results demonstrate huge potential of GB-PCN for human-wearable passive thermal management in real scenarios.