The height of the working model affects the mouthguard thickness. The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in the effect of model height on the thickness between single- and double-layered mouthguards. Mout...The height of the working model affects the mouthguard thickness. The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in the effect of model height on the thickness between single- and double-layered mouthguards. Mouthguards were thermoformed using ethylene-vinyl-acetate sheets and a pressure molding machine. Working models were three hard gypsum models with the height of the anterior part trimmed to 25 mm (model A), 30 mm (model B), and 35 mm (model C). Three molding conditions were compared: a single-layered mouthguard using a 4.0-mm thick-sheet (S4);a double-layered mouthguard using a 3.0-mm-thick sheet on the first-layer and a 2.0-mm-thick sheet on the second-layer (L32);and a double-layered mouthguard using 3.0-mm-thick sheets on first- and second-layers (L33). Analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and a simple main effect test for the differences in the mouthguard thickness depending on the model height and the molding condition. Under all molding conditions, the labial and buccal thicknesses tended to become thinner as the model height increased, and models B and C were thinner by about 6% - 7% and about 14% - 16% than model A, respectively. The cusp thickness was not affected by the model height in L32 and L33, but in S4, models B and C were thinner about 14% or more than model A. Significant differences were observed among molding conditions, and S4 P < 0.01). This study suggested that the degree of the decrease in mouthguard thickness due to the increase the model height was similar for the single- and double-layered mouthguards on the labial and buccal sides, and increasing the model height by 5 mm and 10 mm decreased the thickness by about 6% - 7% and about 14% - 16%, respectively. At the cusp, only the single-layered mouthguard was affected by the model height.展开更多
According to the necessity of flexible workflow management system, the solution to set up the visualized workflow modelling system based on B/S structure is put forward, which conforms to the relevant specifications o...According to the necessity of flexible workflow management system, the solution to set up the visualized workflow modelling system based on B/S structure is put forward, which conforms to the relevant specifications of WfMC and the workflow process definition meta-model. The design for system structure is presented in detail, and the key technologies for system implementation are also introduced. Additionally, an example is illustrated to demonstrate the validity of system.展开更多
Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy effic...Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy efficiency and the influence of lower carbon development.Since work exchange network is a significant part of energy recovery system,its optima design will have dramatically significant effect on energy consumption reduction in chemical process system.With an extension of the developed transshipment model in isothermal process,a novel step-wise methodology for synthesis of direct work exchange network(WEN)in adiabatic process involving heat integration is first proposed in this paper,where a nonlinear programming(NLP)model is formulated by regarding the minimum utility consumption as objective function and optimizing the initial WEN in accordance with the presented matching rules to get the optimized WEN configuration at first.Furthermore,we focus on the work exchange network synthesis with heat integration to attain the minimal total annual cost(TAC)with the introduction of heat-exchange equipment that is achieved by the following strategies in sequence:introducing heat-exchange equipment directly,adjusting the work quantity of the adjacent utility compressors or expanders,and approximating upper/lower pressure limits consequently to obtain considerable cost savings of expanders or compressors and work utility.Finally,a case taken from the literature is studied to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The traditional strategy of 3D model reconstruction mainly concentrates on orthographic projections or engineering drawings. But there are some shortcomings. Such as, only few kinds of solids can be reconstructed, the...The traditional strategy of 3D model reconstruction mainly concentrates on orthographic projections or engineering drawings. But there are some shortcomings. Such as, only few kinds of solids can be reconstructed, the high complexity of time and less information about the 3D model. The research is extended and process card is treated as part of the 3D reconstruction. A set of process data is a superset of 2D engineering drawings set. The set comprises process drawings and process steps, and shows a sequencing and asymptotic course that a part is made from roughcast blank to final product. According to these characteristics, the object to be reconstructed is translated from the complicated engineering drawings into a series of much simpler process drawings. With the plentiful process information added for reconstruction, the disturbances such as irrelevant graph, symbol and label, etc. can be avoided. And more, the form change of both neighbor process drawings is so little that the engineering drawings interpretation has no difficulty; in addition, the abnormal solution and multi-solution can be avoided during reconstruction, and the problems of being applicable to more objects is solved ultimately. Therefore, the utility method for 3D reconstruction model will be possible. On the other hand, the feature information in process cards is provided for reconstruction model. Focusing on process cards, the feasibility and requirements of Working Procedure Model reconstruction is analyzed, and the method to apply and implement the Natural Language Understanding into the 3D reconstruction is studied. The method of asymptotic approximation product was proposed, by which a 3D process model can be constructed automatically and intelligently. The process model not only includes the information about parts characters, but also can deliver the information of design, process and engineering to the downstream applications.展开更多
In this manuscript the authors have studied interprofessional work model for dementia care in hospitals for community-based care. As present situations and problems of dementia patients in hospitals for community-base...In this manuscript the authors have studied interprofessional work model for dementia care in hospitals for community-based care. As present situations and problems of dementia patients in hospitals for community-based care, 8 core categories (19 categories) were extracted and as actual situations of interprofessional work for dementia care, 8 core categories (13 categories) were obtained. The authors examined a function of interprofessional work model and practice contents using these categories. The results revealed that better interprofessional work can be expected by six specialists of nurses rehabilitation specialists, MSW, pharmacists, dietitians and care workers developing dementia care based on “Family handling function” “ADL maintenance and improved function” “Staff member education and empowerment function”.展开更多
Office environments have recently adopted ubiquitous computing for collaboration and mobile communication to promote real-time enterprises. Ubiquitous offices, introduced by Weiser and adopted as emerging computationa...Office environments have recently adopted ubiquitous computing for collaboration and mobile communication to promote real-time enterprises. Ubiquitous offices, introduced by Weiser and adopted as emerging computational technology to support office works, have already affected the practice of companies and organizations. Within this context, this study deals with a work service model of the ubiquitous office environments by understanding human behaviors and works in their workspace. We propose a ubiquitous office model considering the correlation between ubiquitous computing technologies and work services in the office. Two attributes are emphasized, collaboration and mobility, as identifiers for categorizing the work types. The types of work services have variations in the amount of communication and the proportion of working outside of the office. The proposed work service model of the ubiquitous office includes territorial and non-territorial services to enable workers in and out of the office to interact with each other effectively. The findings in this paper would be a theoretical basis for embodying an intelligent office which supports office works efficiently.展开更多
North and west China has abundant coal resources, however, such resources make these regions prone to serious mine fire disasters. Although the copious sand and fly ash resources found in these areas can be used as fi...North and west China has abundant coal resources, however, such resources make these regions prone to serious mine fire disasters. Although the copious sand and fly ash resources found in these areas can be used as fire-fighting materials, conventional grouting is expensive because of water shortage and loess particles. A new compound material(i.e., a sand-suspended colloid), which comprises a mineral inorganic gel and an organic polymer, is developed in the current study to improve the quality of sand injection and reduce water wastage when grouting. The new material can steadily suspend the sand, through the addition of a small amount of colloid yielding steady sand-suspended slurry. The process of producing the slurry is convenient and quick, overcoming the shortage of sand-suspending thickeners which need heat and are difficult to produce. The space work model based on the theory of the double-electric layer is established to study the suspended mechanism of the solid particles in the sand-suspended colloid.The dispersion effect of the sand-suspended colloid is demonstrated by the incorporation of the electrostatic effect by the double-electric layer and the steric hindrance effect on the sand particles, ensuring the stability of the colloid system and the steady suspension of sand particles in the sand-suspended colloid.Mechanical analysis indicates that the sand is suspended steadily under the condition that the rock sand particles stress on the lower part of the fluid is less than the yield stress of the colloid. Finally, the fireprevention technology of sand suspension was applied and tested in the Daliuta Coal Mine, achieving successful results.展开更多
We present an approach of GaAs MESFET incorporating the gate engineering effect to improve immunity against the short channel effects in order to enhance the scaling capability and the device performance for microwave...We present an approach of GaAs MESFET incorporating the gate engineering effect to improve immunity against the short channel effects in order to enhance the scaling capability and the device performance for microwave frequency applications. In this context, a physics-based model for I–V characteristics and various microwave characteristics such as transconductance, cut-off frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation of submicron triple material gate（TM） GaAs MESFET are developed. The reduced short channel effects have also been discussed in combined designs i.e. TM, DM and SM in order to show the impact of our approach on the GaAs MESFETs-based device design. The proposed analytical models have been verified by their good agreement with 2D numerical simulations. The models developed in this paper will be useful for submicron and microwave analysis for circuit design.展开更多
文摘The height of the working model affects the mouthguard thickness. The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in the effect of model height on the thickness between single- and double-layered mouthguards. Mouthguards were thermoformed using ethylene-vinyl-acetate sheets and a pressure molding machine. Working models were three hard gypsum models with the height of the anterior part trimmed to 25 mm (model A), 30 mm (model B), and 35 mm (model C). Three molding conditions were compared: a single-layered mouthguard using a 4.0-mm thick-sheet (S4);a double-layered mouthguard using a 3.0-mm-thick sheet on the first-layer and a 2.0-mm-thick sheet on the second-layer (L32);and a double-layered mouthguard using 3.0-mm-thick sheets on first- and second-layers (L33). Analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA and a simple main effect test for the differences in the mouthguard thickness depending on the model height and the molding condition. Under all molding conditions, the labial and buccal thicknesses tended to become thinner as the model height increased, and models B and C were thinner by about 6% - 7% and about 14% - 16% than model A, respectively. The cusp thickness was not affected by the model height in L32 and L33, but in S4, models B and C were thinner about 14% or more than model A. Significant differences were observed among molding conditions, and S4 P < 0.01). This study suggested that the degree of the decrease in mouthguard thickness due to the increase the model height was similar for the single- and double-layered mouthguards on the labial and buccal sides, and increasing the model height by 5 mm and 10 mm decreased the thickness by about 6% - 7% and about 14% - 16%, respectively. At the cusp, only the single-layered mouthguard was affected by the model height.
基金Shanghai Municipal Science Committee key project(061612058,06JC14066,06DZ12001,061111006)Nationalscience and technology supporting project(2006BAF01A46)
文摘According to the necessity of flexible workflow management system, the solution to set up the visualized workflow modelling system based on B/S structure is put forward, which conforms to the relevant specifications of WfMC and the workflow process definition meta-model. The design for system structure is presented in detail, and the key technologies for system implementation are also introduced. Additionally, an example is illustrated to demonstrate the validity of system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576036,21406026)
文摘Due to the deterioration of serious energy dilemma,energy-conservation and emission–reduction have been the strategic target in the past decades,thus people have identified the vital importance of higher energy efficiency and the influence of lower carbon development.Since work exchange network is a significant part of energy recovery system,its optima design will have dramatically significant effect on energy consumption reduction in chemical process system.With an extension of the developed transshipment model in isothermal process,a novel step-wise methodology for synthesis of direct work exchange network(WEN)in adiabatic process involving heat integration is first proposed in this paper,where a nonlinear programming(NLP)model is formulated by regarding the minimum utility consumption as objective function and optimizing the initial WEN in accordance with the presented matching rules to get the optimized WEN configuration at first.Furthermore,we focus on the work exchange network synthesis with heat integration to attain the minimal total annual cost(TAC)with the introduction of heat-exchange equipment that is achieved by the following strategies in sequence:introducing heat-exchange equipment directly,adjusting the work quantity of the adjacent utility compressors or expanders,and approximating upper/lower pressure limits consequently to obtain considerable cost savings of expanders or compressors and work utility.Finally,a case taken from the literature is studied to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘The traditional strategy of 3D model reconstruction mainly concentrates on orthographic projections or engineering drawings. But there are some shortcomings. Such as, only few kinds of solids can be reconstructed, the high complexity of time and less information about the 3D model. The research is extended and process card is treated as part of the 3D reconstruction. A set of process data is a superset of 2D engineering drawings set. The set comprises process drawings and process steps, and shows a sequencing and asymptotic course that a part is made from roughcast blank to final product. According to these characteristics, the object to be reconstructed is translated from the complicated engineering drawings into a series of much simpler process drawings. With the plentiful process information added for reconstruction, the disturbances such as irrelevant graph, symbol and label, etc. can be avoided. And more, the form change of both neighbor process drawings is so little that the engineering drawings interpretation has no difficulty; in addition, the abnormal solution and multi-solution can be avoided during reconstruction, and the problems of being applicable to more objects is solved ultimately. Therefore, the utility method for 3D reconstruction model will be possible. On the other hand, the feature information in process cards is provided for reconstruction model. Focusing on process cards, the feasibility and requirements of Working Procedure Model reconstruction is analyzed, and the method to apply and implement the Natural Language Understanding into the 3D reconstruction is studied. The method of asymptotic approximation product was proposed, by which a 3D process model can be constructed automatically and intelligently. The process model not only includes the information about parts characters, but also can deliver the information of design, process and engineering to the downstream applications.
文摘In this manuscript the authors have studied interprofessional work model for dementia care in hospitals for community-based care. As present situations and problems of dementia patients in hospitals for community-based care, 8 core categories (19 categories) were extracted and as actual situations of interprofessional work for dementia care, 8 core categories (13 categories) were obtained. The authors examined a function of interprofessional work model and practice contents using these categories. The results revealed that better interprofessional work can be expected by six specialists of nurses rehabilitation specialists, MSW, pharmacists, dietitians and care workers developing dementia care based on “Family handling function” “ADL maintenance and improved function” “Staff member education and empowerment function”.
文摘Office environments have recently adopted ubiquitous computing for collaboration and mobile communication to promote real-time enterprises. Ubiquitous offices, introduced by Weiser and adopted as emerging computational technology to support office works, have already affected the practice of companies and organizations. Within this context, this study deals with a work service model of the ubiquitous office environments by understanding human behaviors and works in their workspace. We propose a ubiquitous office model considering the correlation between ubiquitous computing technologies and work services in the office. Two attributes are emphasized, collaboration and mobility, as identifiers for categorizing the work types. The types of work services have variations in the amount of communication and the proportion of working outside of the office. The proposed work service model of the ubiquitous office includes territorial and non-territorial services to enable workers in and out of the office to interact with each other effectively. The findings in this paper would be a theoretical basis for embodying an intelligent office which supports office works efficiently.
基金support of the research funds provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51304071, 51304073)the Open Projects of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining & Technology of China (No. 12KF02)
文摘North and west China has abundant coal resources, however, such resources make these regions prone to serious mine fire disasters. Although the copious sand and fly ash resources found in these areas can be used as fire-fighting materials, conventional grouting is expensive because of water shortage and loess particles. A new compound material(i.e., a sand-suspended colloid), which comprises a mineral inorganic gel and an organic polymer, is developed in the current study to improve the quality of sand injection and reduce water wastage when grouting. The new material can steadily suspend the sand, through the addition of a small amount of colloid yielding steady sand-suspended slurry. The process of producing the slurry is convenient and quick, overcoming the shortage of sand-suspending thickeners which need heat and are difficult to produce. The space work model based on the theory of the double-electric layer is established to study the suspended mechanism of the solid particles in the sand-suspended colloid.The dispersion effect of the sand-suspended colloid is demonstrated by the incorporation of the electrostatic effect by the double-electric layer and the steric hindrance effect on the sand particles, ensuring the stability of the colloid system and the steady suspension of sand particles in the sand-suspended colloid.Mechanical analysis indicates that the sand is suspended steadily under the condition that the rock sand particles stress on the lower part of the fluid is less than the yield stress of the colloid. Finally, the fireprevention technology of sand suspension was applied and tested in the Daliuta Coal Mine, achieving successful results.
文摘We present an approach of GaAs MESFET incorporating the gate engineering effect to improve immunity against the short channel effects in order to enhance the scaling capability and the device performance for microwave frequency applications. In this context, a physics-based model for I–V characteristics and various microwave characteristics such as transconductance, cut-off frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation of submicron triple material gate（TM） GaAs MESFET are developed. The reduced short channel effects have also been discussed in combined designs i.e. TM, DM and SM in order to show the impact of our approach on the GaAs MESFETs-based device design. The proposed analytical models have been verified by their good agreement with 2D numerical simulations. The models developed in this paper will be useful for submicron and microwave analysis for circuit design.
