Statistical Study of the Geoeffectivity of Halo Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with X-Class Flares during Solar Cycles 23 and 24

By analysing a long series of data (1996-2019), we show that solar cycle 23 was more marked by violent solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) compared to solar cycle 24. In particular, the halo coronal mass ejections associated with X-class flares appear to be among the most energetic events in solar activity given the size of the flares, the speed of the CMEs and the intense geomagnetic storms they produce. Out of eighty-six (86) X-class halo CMEs, thirty-seven (37) or 43% are highly geoeffective;twenty-four (24) or approximately 28% are moderately geoeffective and twenty-five (25) or 29% are not geoeffective. Over the two solar cycles (1996 to 2019), 71% of storms were geoeffective and 29% were not. For solar cycle 23, about 78% of storms were geoeffective, while for solar cycle 24, about 56% were geoeffective. For the statistical study based on speed, 85 halo CMEs associated with X-class flares were selected because the CME of 6 December 2006 has no recorded speed value. For both solar cycles, 75.29% of the halo CMEs associated with X-class flares have a speed greater than 1000 km/s. The study showed that 42.18% of halo (X) CMEs with speeds above 1000 km/s could cause intense geomagnetic disturbances. These results show the contribution (in terms of speed) of each class of halo (X) CMEs to the perturbation of the Earth’s magnetic field. Coronal mass ejections then become one of the key indicators of solar activity, especially as they affect the Earth.

DDX3X regulates cell survival and cell cycle during mouse early embryonic development

DDX3X is a highly conserved DEAD-box RNA helicase that participates in RNA transcription, RNA splicing, and mRNA transport, translation, and nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. It is highly expressed in metaphase II （MII） oocytes and is the predominant DDX3 variant in the ovary and embryo. However, whether it is important in mouse early embryo development remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of DDX3X in early embryogenesis by cytoplasmic microinjection with its siRNA in zygotes or single blastomeres of 2-cell embryos. Our results showed that knockdown of Ddx3x in zygote cytoplasm led to dramatically diminished blastocyst formarion, reduced cell numbers, and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells in blastocysts. Meanwhile, there was an accumulation of p53 in RNAi blastocysts. In addition, the ratio of cell cycle arrest during 2-cell to 4-cell transition increased following microinjection of Ddx3x siRNA into single blastomeres of 2-cell embryos compared with control. These results suggest that Ddx3x is an essential gene associated with cell survival and cell cycle control in mouse early embryos, and thus plays key roles in normal embryo development.

Collaborative optimization of exhaust gas recirculation and Miller cycle of two-stage turbocharged marine diesel engines based on particle swarm optimization

To meet increasingly stringent emission standards and lower the brake-specific fuel consumption(BSFC)of marine engines,a collaborative optimization study of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)and a Miller cycle coupled turbocharging system was carried out.In this study,a one-dimensional numerical model of the EGR,Miller cycle,and adjustable two-stage turbocharged engine based on WeiChai 6170 marine diesel engine was established.The particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to achieve multi-input and multi-objective comprehensive optimization,and the effects of EGR-coupled Miller regulation and high-pressure turbine bypass regulation on NO_(x)and BSFC were investigated.The results showed that a medium EGR rate-coupled medium Miller degree was better for the comprehensive optimization of NO_(x)and BSFC.At medium EGR rate and low turbine bypass rates,NO_(x)and BSFC were relatively balanced and acceptable.Finally,an optimal steady-state control strategy under full loads was proposed.With an increase in loads,the optimized turbine bypass rate and Miller degree gradually increased.Compared with the EGRonly system,the optimal system of EGR and Miller cycle coupled turbine bypass reduced NO_(x)by 0.87 g/(kW·h)and BSFC by 17.19 g/(kW·h)at 100%load.Therefore,the EGR and Miller cycle coupled adjustable two-stage turbocharging achieves NO_(x)and BSFC optimization under full loads.

Influence of the secondary welding thermal cycle on the microstructure and property of coarse grain heat-affected zone in an X100 pipeline steel

The influence of the secondary thermal cycle on the microstructure of coarse grain heat-affected zone in an XIO0 pipeline steel was investigated by means of a thermal simulation technique and microscopic analysis method. The property of coarse grain heat-affected zone was characterized by Charpy V-Notch impact properties testing. The results indicated that the experimental steel exhibited local brittleness of intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone when the peak tempera- ture of secondary thermal cycle was in the range of two phases region （ ~ and 3/）. There were two main reasons for the local brittleness. The first was that the microstructures of intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone were not fined although partial grain recrystallization occurred. The second was that M-A islands, which had the higher content, larger size and higher hardness, existed in intercritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone.

Cycle stability of La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3)Ni_(2.55-x)Co_(0.45)Cu_x(x=0-0.4) electrode alloys

The La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.55-xCo0.45Cux (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) electrode alloys were prepared by casting and rapid quenching. Ni in the alloy was partially substituted by Cu in order to improve the cycle stability of La-Mg-Ni system (PuNi3-type) hydrogen storage alloy. The effects of substituting Ni with Cu on the microstructures and cycle stability of the alloys were investigated in detail. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and TEM show that the substitution of Cu for Ni is favourable for the formation of an amorphous in the as-quenched alloy, and this leads to an obvious refinement of the as-quenched alloy grains and a growth of the lattice constants and cell volumes of the as-cast and quenched alloys. The results obtained by the electrochemical measurement indicate that the cycle stability of the alloys significantly rises with the incremental variety of Cu content. When Cu content changes from 0 to 0.4, the cycle lives of the as-cast and quenched (30 m/s) alloys are enhanced from 72 to 88 cycles and from 100 to 121 cycles, respectively.

Thermal simulation of single thermal cycle for high strength steel pipe

Single thermal cycle simulation tests were carried out for X80 high strength steel pipes from three steel mills by a Gleeble 3500HS thermal simulation test machine,and coincidence degree of the thermal simulation curve with the set curve under heat inputs of 6–30 kJ/cm was observed;The relationship between different heat inputs and microstructure,impact toughness and hardness of steel pipe CGHAZ(coarse grain heat affected zone)was studied by metallographic examination,impact test and hardness test.The results show that with the increase of heat input,original austenite grain size increases gradually,the lath bainite ratio decreases and the granular bainite ratio increases.The impact toughness of C steel pipe is lower than those of A and B steel pipe,and the impact toughness of CGHAZ from the three steel pipes show different trends:for A steel pipe CGHAZ,impact toughness increases first and then decreases,with the highest value of 270–320 J under 20–25 kJ/cm;for B steel pipe CGHAZ,impact toughness decreases slightly;for C steel pipe CGHAZ,impact toughness increases,with the highest value of 260–300 J under 25 kJ/cm.As the heat input increases,the hardness of three X80 steel pipes CGHAZ shows a decreasing trhighend,and C steel pipe has the largest decreasing range.

Miller Cycle with Early Intake Valve Closing in Marine Medium-Speed Diesel Engines

In this study,a one-dimensional simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of in-cylinder combustion to control NO_(x) emissions on a four-stroke,six-cylinder marine medium-speed diesel engine.Reducing the combustion temperature is an important in-cylinder measure to decrease NO_(x) emissions of marine diesel engines.The Miller cycle is an effective method used to reduce the maximum combustion temperature in a cylinder and accordingly decrease NO_(x) emissions.Therefore,the authors of this study designed seven different early intake valve closing(EIVC)Miller cycles for the original engine,and analyzed the cycle effects on combustions and emissions in high-load conditions.The results indicate that the temperature in the cylinder was significantly reduced,whereas fuel consumption was almost unchanged.When the IVC was properly advanced,the ignition delay period increased and the premixed combustion accelerated,but the in-cylinder average pressure,temperature and NO_(x) emissions in the cylinder were lower than the original engine.However,closing the intake valve too early led to high fuel consumption.In addition,the NO_(x) emissions,in-cylinder temperature,and heat release rate remarkably increased.Therefore,the optimal timing of the EIVC varied with different loads.The higher the load was,the earlier the best advance angle appeared.Therefore,the Miller cycle is an effective method for in-engine NO_(x) purification and does not entail significant cost.

Life cycle assessment for municipal solid waste treatment and utilization

Using the method of life cycle assessment (LCA), the paper studies systematically on municipal solid waste incineration and ecological engineering treatment in Guanghan City. The results showed that the environmental impact potentials of incineration and ecological engineering treatment is 4\^89×10 -2 and 1\^23×10 -2 respectively ; the net energy consumption is -3\^44×10 2 MJ/ton and -2\^90×10 1 MJ/ton, respectively; the net treatment cost is 84.76 RMB Yuan/ton and 32\^52 RMB Yuan/ton, respectively. Comparing with sole incineration, ecological engineering integrates the advantages of incineration and composing, which not only can reduce the amount of waste for incineration and decrease the second environmental pollution, but also can produce high quality compound fertilizer by adding certain amount of chemical fertilizer into compost. It is proved that ecological engineering treatment is an environmental sustainable and economic afforadably method.

转导蛋白β样1X连接受体1表达对卵巢癌A2780细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的:研究转导蛋白β样1X连接受体1(transducin beta-like 1X-linked receptor,TBL1XR1)在卵巢癌患者组织中表达,及其对卵巢癌A2780细胞增殖和迁移的影响。方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测10对卵巢癌组织、癌旁组织中及人卵巢癌IOSE80、A2780、CP70、SKOV-3中TBL1XR1 mRNA表达,筛选TBL1XR1 mRNA高表达细胞株。选择4~6周龄雌性BALB/C裸鼠,建立卵巢癌人源肿瘤异种移植(patient-derived tumor xenografts,PDTX)模型;将10只模型鼠均分为siR-NC组和si-TBL1XR1组,每组5只,分别给予siR-NC、si-TBL1XR1局部注射,10 mg/kg,每3 d注射1次,18 d后取各组瘤组织,计算其体积与重量。取卵巢癌A2780细胞,将其分为siR-NC组、si-TBL1XR1组、pcDNA3.1组和pcDNA3.1-TBL1XR1组,分别予以siR-NC、si-TBL1XR1、pcDNA3.1空载质粒和pcDNA3.1-TBL1XR1质粒处理;采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组卵巢癌细胞周期蛋白表达,MTT比色法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡细胞比例,以及Transwell细胞迁移实验检测细胞迁移能力。结果:卵巢癌组织中TBL1XR1 mRNA表达明显高于癌旁组织(P<0.05);人卵巢癌A2780细胞系TBL1XR1 mRNA表达明显高于卵巢癌IOSE80、CP70、SKOV-3细胞系(P<0.05)。与siR-NC组相比,第18天si-TBL1XR1组瘤体积明显减小(P<0.05),重量明显降低(P<0.05)。与siR-NC组相比,si-TBL1XR1组促癌细胞周期蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05),与pcDNA3.1组相比,pcDNA3.1-TBL1XR1组表达则明显升高(P<0.05);与siR-NC组相比,si-TBL1XR1组卵巢癌细胞迁移数明显降低(P<0.05),早期凋亡和晚期凋亡细胞比例明显升高(P<0.05);与pcDNA3.1组相比,pcDNA3.1-TBL1XR1组卵巢癌细胞迁移数明显增多(P<0.05),早期凋亡和晚期凋亡细胞比例明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:TBL1XR1在卵巢癌组织中呈高表达,降低TBL1XR1 mRNA表达可抑制卵巢癌A2780细胞增殖和迁移。

癌-睾丸抗原SPANXB在肝癌中的表达及其影响肝癌进展的机制研究

目的·分析癌-睾丸抗原(cancer-testis antigen,CTA)家族成员SPANXB(sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome B)在肝癌中的表达及其与肝癌患者预后之间的相关性,并探究SPANXB对肝癌细胞增殖的影响及其潜在机制。方法·利用癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中的肝癌样本数据,分析SPANXB在肝癌组织中的表达及其与患者生存期的相关性。构建稳定敲低SPANXB与稳定过表达SPANXB的肝癌细胞系,利用活细胞成像实验、EdU细胞增殖实验和平板克隆形成实验评估SPANXB对肝癌细胞增殖的影响。通过RNA测序(RNA-sequence,RNA-seq)探究SPANXB调控肝癌细胞增殖的相关通路,并利用细胞周期实验验证SPANXB对肝癌细胞周期的影响。采用免疫沉淀-质谱联用技术(immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry,IP-MS)探索与SPANXB相互作用的蛋白,并使用免疫共沉淀(co-immunoprecipitation,Co-IP)进行验证。结果·SPANXB mRNA在肝癌组织中的表达高于正常组织(P=0.003),且与肝癌患者的生存期呈负相关。稳定敲低SPANXB可降低肝癌细胞的增殖能力、克隆形成能力,而稳定过表达SPANXB则可促进这些过程。RNA-seq的结果显示,SPANXB的敲低可下调DNA复制与G1/S细胞周期转换相关通路,细胞周期实验的结果显示SPANXB的敲低可导致肝癌细胞周期发生改变。IP-MS和Co-IP结果显示,SPAXNB与有丝分裂停滞缺陷2样蛋白1(mitotic arrest deficient 2-like protein 1,MAD2L1)、WD重复域蛋白5(WD repeat domain 5,WDR5)等细胞周期相关蛋白存在相互作用。结论·SPANXB的高表达与肝癌的预后呈负相关,其可能通过与MAD2L1、WDR5相互作用调控细胞周期并增强肝癌细胞的增殖活性。

X120管线钢焊接热影响区的模拟研究

采用焊接热模拟技术研究了焊接热循环对X120管线钢焊接热影响区的组织和性能的影响。结果表明,经过一次热循环峰值温度1300℃后,随着t8/5的增加,韧性显著下降,发生严重脆化;当t8/5不变,二次热循环峰值温度为600℃和1200℃时,韧性得到明显改善;当二次热循环峰值温度为800℃时,在原奥氏体晶界处形成明显的"链状"结构的网状组织,韧性有所下降;而当二次热循环峰值温度为1000℃时,局部脆化现象严重,这与冷却时获得含有粗大M-A岛状组织的粒状贝氏体有关。

XNAV算法及其整周模糊度确定方法研究

X射线脉冲星导航(XNAV)是一种新型的航天器天文导航方法。研究了利用脉冲星脉冲相位观测信息进行导航卫星自主定轨的算法。首先分析了X射线脉冲在卫星和太阳系质心之间的传播时间方程,然后利用卫星与太阳系质心之间的相位差分观测量建立了系统的观测方程;结合导航卫星的轨道动力学特性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法估计卫星的轨道。考虑到卫星轨道动力学预报得到的卫星位置值具有较好的精度,提出直接利用该位置预报值快速确定整周模糊度,并验证了该方法的可行性。数学仿真表明,该导航算法能够精确确定导航卫星在惯性系下的绝对位置。

不同剂量率X射线辐照对小鼠免疫系统的影响

目的检测经相同剂量不同剂量率X射线照射的BalB/C小鼠外周血淋巴细胞周期及胸腺和脾脏指数。方法18只BalB/c小鼠随机分为对照组(control),低剂量率照射组(20cGy/min)和高剂量率照射组(300cGy/min),每组6只。低剂量组和高剂量组采用剂量率分别为20cGy/min和300cGy/min的1GyX射线对小鼠进行全身照射,24h后取血及器官,用流式细胞仪检测外周血淋巴细胞的周期变化,用称量的方法得到胸腺和脾脏指数。结果高剂量率辐射时,小鼠外周血淋巴细胞的损伤较低剂量时大,而且对雄性鼠的影响大于雌性;同时,胸腺和脾脏指数变化也随着剂量率的增大而减小。结论低剂量率的照射对小鼠外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺和脾脏的影响较高剂量率辐射小;雌性鼠的辐射耐受能力较雄性强。

P53及其相关蛋白对X射线照射肝癌细胞周期的调节

X射线照射人肝癌细胞HepG2,照射后细胞存活随照射剂量增大明显下降。流式细胞术分析,不同剂量组照射后24h均发生G2期阻滞。照射后不同时间组的细胞周期分布也有不同,照射后12h,有显著的S期延迟。Western Blot显示照射后24hP53,MDM2,P21蛋白表达上升,并有时间效应:P53在照射后24h之内始终维持较高表达,MDM2和P21分别在照射后6和12h的表达最高。X射线照射通过影响P53及其相关蛋白的表达影响细胞周期。

低剂量X射线辐射对BALB/C小鼠免疫系统的影响

为评估低剂量辐射对健康机体产生的生物学风险,检测了低剂量X射线照射对BALB/C小鼠免疫系统的影响。采用X射线全身照射,剂量分别为0、0.39、0.55和1Gy,剂量率为0.2Gy/min,照射24h后取血及器官,用流式细胞仪检测免疫细胞周期和凋亡的变化,用重量法得到胸腺和脾脏指数。发现照射后小鼠的外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞和脾脏淋巴细胞的周期被阻滞在G0—G1期;外周血淋巴细胞和胸腺细胞的凋亡比例随剂量的增大而增大,但是脾脏淋巴细胞的凋亡随着剂量的增大而减小;胸腺和脾脏指数随着剂量的增大而减小。故低剂量X射线全身照射可引起试验动物的免疫细胞周期和凋亡比例发生变化,对其造成一定的损伤;对小鼠免疫系统的影响因器官而异。本实验可为辐射防护提供实验依据。

1.x级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环性能分析

提出了一个适合于利用太阳能的新型1.x级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环。计算了该循环的性能。结果表明,在现有太阳能集热器所能提供的热水温度范围,1.x级循环克服了单效循环运行范围窄的缺点,其性能指标明显高于两级循环;冷却水先进入冷凝器的串联流程优于并联流程;热水、冷媒水、冷却水温度对溴冷机循环系统的性能系数、热源单耗、面积单耗等经济性指标有较大影响。

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白结合蛋白(HBXIP)对细胞周期的影响

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白结合蛋白(hepatitis B virus X-interacting protein,HBXIP)可与乙肝病毒X蛋白(HBX)的C端结合,它具有抑制HBX活性的作用.为进一步阐明HBXIP对细胞增殖的作用及其分子机制,构建了HBXIP的真核表达载体,并将其稳定转染至正常人肝细胞系L-O2细胞中,建立了稳定表达HBXIP蛋白的肝细胞系,命名为L-O2-hbxip.然后,应用MTT、BrdU标记实验和流式细胞术等方法,发现HBXIP过表达后,L-O2细胞的生长速度明显加快,可促进细胞由G1期进入到S期,表明HBXIP具有促进L-O2-hbxip细胞增殖的作用.应用免疫印迹对有关细胞周期相关蛋白进行了检测.结果显示,HBXIP过表达时可上调细胞周期蛋白D1、细胞周期蛋白E的表达,并下调p21和p27的表达,从而调节细胞周期,产生对细胞增殖的影响.

乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白对肝癌细胞生长的影响

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白(hepatitis Bvirus Xprotein,HBx)对肝癌细胞恶性程度的影响。方法构建携带HBVx基因真核表达载体pcDNA3/HBx,以脂质体介导转染HepG2肝癌细胞,建立可稳定表达HBx的肝癌细胞系HepG2-HBx细胞,同时设空载体pcDNA3转染细胞HepG2-pcDNA3及未转染HepG2细胞为对照组。PCR法扩增Neo基因检测插入的质粒DNA片段,免疫荧光检测HBx的表达。通过生长曲线测定、平板克隆形成实验、MTT比色实验、Hoechst33342核形态学染色观察及流式细胞仪测定,了解稳定转染细胞的生物学行为变化。结果与对照组相比,转染pcDNA3/HBx的HepG2-HBx细胞生长速度加快,其倍增时间缩短(28h对32.5h或34h,P<0.05),克隆形成率增加[(10.12±0.23)%对(5.33±0.19)%或(5.19±0.28)%,P<0.05],细胞周期分析显示由G0/G1期-S期的进程明显加快。细胞凋亡检测显示HepG2-HBx细胞可抵抗放线菌素D(ActD)诱导的凋亡作用。结论HBx可提高肝癌细胞的增殖活性,并增强肝癌细胞的抗凋亡能力,增加了肝癌细胞的恶性表型。

低剂量X线辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡及细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量率效应

目的 :观察 X线低剂量辐射诱导胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程适应性反应的剂量率效应。方法 :用 X射线照射昆明种雄性小鼠 ,其诱导剂量 ( D1 )及其后攻击剂量 ( D2 )分别是 75 m Gy和1 .5 Gy,D1 剂量率为 6.2 5、1 2 .5、2 5、5 0、1 0 0和 2 0 0 m Gy· min-1 ,D2 剂量率为 2 87m Gy· min-1 ,D1 和 D2 间隔 6h。通过流式细胞仪检测胸腺细胞凋亡和细胞周期进程的变化。结果 :当 D1 剂量率为 6.2 5、1 2 .5和 2 5 m Gy,D1 + D2 组胸腺细胞凋亡百分数明显低于 D2 组 ( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ,G0 / G1 和 G2 + M期细胞百分数也不同程度地低于 D2 组 ,而 S期细胞百分数明显高于 D2 组( P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 )。结论 :低剂量 X线全身照射条件下 ,剂量率在 6.2 5～ 2 5 m Gy· min-1 。

基于X射线脉冲星绝对定位中的整周模糊度改进算法研究

基于X射线脉冲星导航定位方法是一种全新的自主导航技术。该文给出了脉冲星绝对定位的基本原理,针对有关文章存在的疑问,提出了脉冲星导航绝对定位中整周模糊度改进算法,并对其进行了深入的分析和理论推导,通过仿真计算脉冲星整周模糊度和航天器的位置,得到了较理想的定位精度。这种新改进的整周模糊度算法为脉冲星绝对定位提供了新的思路。