Hepatitis B virus X protein-mediated upregulation of miR-221 activates the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis to promote NKT cells in HBVrelated hepatocellular carcinoma

Both hepatitis B virus X protein(HBx)and microRNA-221(miR-221)have been implicated in the development of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The present study demonstrates that HBx promotes HCC cell proliferation via the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCL12-CXCR4)axis.We predict that HBx/miR-221-mediated CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling induces NKT cells to promote HBV-related HCC.Methods:After miR-221 mimic,miR-221 mimic negative control,miR-221 inhibitor,miR-221 inhibitor negative control were transfected into cells,the expression of CXCL12 and miR-221 was detected by qPCR and western blot.Then we constructed a stable HBV-HCC cell line.HBV-HCC cells were injected into the nude mice,thus a HBV-HCC mouse model was constructed.Q-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of HBx,miR-221,CXCL12 and CXCR4 in tumor tissues.The expression of CXCL12 was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of CXCR4,CD3 and CD56 was detected by immunofluorescence.The levels of CXCL12,IL-2 and TNF-αin serum of mice were detected by ELISA.Sixty-one patients with HBV-related HCC,61 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis,61 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and 30 healthy people were enrolled.CXCL12,cytokine levels,and clinicopathological parameters were tested.Results:Hepatitis B virus X protein upregulates the expression of miR-221 and CXCL12 in lentivirus(LV5)-HBx-transfected HepG2 cells.HBx protein promotes HepG2 cell proliferation in vitro.HBx protein promoted tumor growth via the miR-221/CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway in a mouse tumor model.HBx protein upregulated natural killer T cell expression via the CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway to promote tumor growth.The data demonstrated a positive correlation between CXCL12 concentration with Cre levels and Child-Pugh scores.CXCL12 had an inferior diagnostic efficiency compared to IL-2 and IL-6 for HBV-related HCC.Conclusions:We present evidence that HBx/miR-221-mediated CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling induces NKT cells to promote HBV-related HCC.

Expression of nuclear factor-KB in hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation with the X protein of hepatitis B virus

AIM In this study we investigated the relationship of the X protein of HBV and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and the expression of NF-κB in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. METHODS Immunohistochemistry SP method was used to detect the expression of NF-κB and the X protein of HBV in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of 52 cases.Gene transfection mediated by lipofectamine was used to transfect the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1-HBX of HBV x gene into human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HCC-9204 and NF-κB was detected. RESULTS NF-κB was widely expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues in a total of 52 cases and its expression was related to the X protein of HBV.NF-κB was localized both in the cytoplasm and the nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in 11 cases which were positive for the X protein of HBV while in 41 cases negative for the X protein of HBV,NF-κB was only localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocellular carcinoma cells but translocated to the nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma cells after the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1-HBX was transfected into HCC-9204 cells. CONCLUSION This study strongly suggests that the nuclear factor NF-κB is widely expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues in different styles according to the expression of the X protein of HBV.NF-κB is abnormally activated in hepatocellular carcinoma,which is probably rélated to the X protein of HBV.The X protein of HBV can activate NF-κB to translocate into nuclei of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell proliferation via a positive cascade loop involving arachidonic acid metabolism and p-ERK1/2

Hepatitis B virus X protein （HBx） plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we sought to identify the mechanisms by which HBx mediates liver cell proliferation. We found that HBx upregulated the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, 5-1ipoxygenase （5-LOX） and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 （p-ERK1/2） in liver cells. HBx-induced p-ERK1/2 was abolished by inhibition of Gi/o proteins, COX or LOX. In addition, HBx increased the amounts of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and leukotriene B4 （LTB4） released from cell lines derived from hepatocytes. Moreover, these released arachidonic acid metabolites were able to activate ERK1/2. Interestingly, activated ERK1/2 could upregulate the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX in a positive feedback manner. In conclusion, HBx enhances and maintains liver cell proliferation via a positive feedback loop involving COX-2, 5-LOX, released arachidonic acid metabolites, Gi/o proteins and p-ERK1/2.

Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic stem cell-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating KDM5B

To determine the role of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), HBx in regulating hepatic progenitor cell (HPC)-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODSWe used a retrovirus vector to introduce wild type HBx or empty vector into HepG2 cells. We then used these cells to analyze cell proliferation, senescence, transformation, and stem-like features. Gene expression profiling was carried out on Affymetrix GeneChip Human U133A2.0 ver.2 arrays according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis and Class Comparison analysis were performed by BRB-Array Tools software Version 4.2.2. A total of 238 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients’ array data were used for analyzing clinical features.RESULTSThe histone demethylase KDM5B was significantly highly expressed in HBV-related HCC cases (P < 0.01). In HBV proteins, only HBx up-regulated KDM5B by activating c-myc. Hepatic stem cell (HpSC) markers (EpCAM, AFP, PROM1, and NANOG) were significantly highly expressed in KDM5B-high HCC cases (P < 0.01). KDM5B played an important role in maintaining HpSC-like features and was associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, inhibition of KDM5B suppressed spheroid formation and cell invasion in vitro.CONCLUSIONHBx activates the histone demethylase KDM5B and induces HPC-like features in HCC. Histone demethylases KDM5B may be an important therapeutic target against HBV-related HCC cases.

The influence of hepatitis B virus X protein on the clock genes in liver cells and its significance

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of hepatitis B virus X protein （HBx） on the clock genes in LO2 cells and its significance. Methods： A cell line LO2-HBx, Stably transfected with HBx gene, was established. The levels of mRNA and protein expression of CLOCK and BMAL1 were detected by real-time PCR and western blot. Resuits： The expression of CLOCK mRNA and protein were increased in cell line LO2-HBx （P 〈 0.05）, while the expression of BMAL1 mRNA and protein were decreased in cell line LO2-HBx （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The expressions of core clock gene CLOCK and BMAL1 have been changed by HBx, which breaks down the previous circadian rhythm of liver cells. This maybe one of the reasons leads to the formation of liver cancer.

Interferon-alpha restrains growth and invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by hepatitis B virus X protein

AIM: To investigate the effects of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) to restrain the growth and invasive potential of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein. METHODS: The pcDNA3.1-HBx plasmid was transfected into Chang cells by Lipofectamine in vitro, and Chang/HBx was co-cultured with IFN-α. Cell survival growth curve and clonogenicity assay were used to test the growth potential of Chang/pcDNA3.1, Chang/HBx and IFN-α-Chang/HBx in vitro. Growth assay in nude mice was used to detect the growth potential of Chang/ pcDNA3.1, Chang/HBx and IFN-α-Chang/HBx in vivo. Wound healing and transwell migration assays were used to detect the invasive ability of Chang/pcDNA3.1, Chang/HBx and IFN-α-Chang/HBx. RESULTS: Compared with CCL13 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1, CCL13 with stable expression of hepatitis B virus X protein showed the characteristics of malignant cells with high capability of growth and invasion by detecting their growth curves, colony forming efficiency, wound healing , transwell migration assays and growth assays in nude mice. Its capability of growth and invasion could be controlled by IFN-α. CONCLUSION: IFN-α can restrain the growth and invasive potential of HCC cells induced by HBx protein, which has provided an experimental basis for IFN-α therapy of HCC.

Hepatitis B virus X protein accelerates the development of hepatoma

The chronic infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Accumulated evidence has shown that HBV X protein(HBx protein) is a multifunctional regulator with a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis. However, information on the mechanism by which HBV induces HCC is lacking. This review focuses on the pathological functions of HBx in HBV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. As a transactivator, HBx can modulate nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) and transcription factor AP-2. Moreover, HBx can affect regulatory non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) including microRNAs and long ncRNAs(lncRNAs), such as miRNA-205 and highly upregulated in liver cancer(HULC), respectively. HBx is also involved in epigenetic modification, including methylation and acetylation. HBx interacts with various signal-transduction pathways, such as protein kinase B/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, HBx affects cellular fate by shifting the balance toward cell survival. HBx may lead to the loss of apoptotic functions or directly contributes to oncogenesis by achieving transforming functions, which induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, HBx can modulate apoptosis and immune response by direct or indirect interaction with host factors. We conclude that HBx hastens the development of hepatoma.

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Up-regulates TNF-α and IL-1β Secretion of Macrophages

Objective： To provide the experimental basis for further studying the molecular transformation mechanism of Hepatitis B virus （HBV） X protein （HBx） on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods： Reconstructed plasmid pcDNA3.1（＋）-HBx was transfected into THP-1 macrophages. Expression of HBx was assayed in macrophages lysate by Western-blotting, and TNF-α and IL-1β contents were detected respectively by ELISA. All the data were analyzed by SPSS13.0. Results： In THP-lmacrophages, the pcDNA3.1（＋）-HBx plasmid expressed HBx with a molecular weight of about 17 KDa demonstrated by Western-blotting. The secreted TNF-α and IL-1β from macrophages were determined by ELISA, the results from analysis of all groups showed as following： control group was different from LPS group and pcDNA3.1（＋） group （P〈0.01）, and so was pcDNA3.1（＋）-HBx group; but there was no obvious difference between pcDNA3.1（＋） group and LPS group （P〉0.05）, all of which indicated that transient overexpression of HBx enhanced LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-1β by macrophages. Conclusion： Transient overexpression of HBx up-regulates LPS-induced TNF-t~ and IL-113 secretion of macrophages.

Hepatitis B virus X protein up-regulates tumor necrosis factor-α expression in cultured mesangial cells via ERKs and NF-κB pathways

Objective:To investigate the effects of hepatitis B virus(HBV)X protein(HBx)on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs)and the underlying intracellular signal pathways.Methods:The plasmid pCI-neo-X that carries the X gene of hepatitis B virus was transfected into cultured GMCs.HBx expression in the transfected GMCs was assessed by Western-blot.TNF-αprotein and mRNA were assessed by ELISA and semi-quantitative RT-PCR,respectively.Three kinase inhibitors-U0126,an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERKs);lactacvstin,an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB);and SB203580,a selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase(p38 MAPK)were used to determine which intracellular signal pathways may underlie the action of HBx on TNF-αexpression in transfected GMCs.Results:A significant increase in HBx expression in pCI-neo-X transfected GMCs was detected at 36 h and 48 h,which was not affected by any of those kinase inhibitors mentioned above.A similar increase in the expression of both TNF-αprotein and mRNA was also observed at 36 h and 48 h,which was significantly decreased in the presence of U0126 or lactacytin,but not SB203580.Conclusions:HBx upregulates TNF-αexpression in cultured GMCs,possibly through ERKs and NF-κB pathway,but not p38 MAPK pathway.

Inhibition of apoptosis by oncogenic hepatitis B virus X protein: Implications for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B virus X protein(HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). In addition, hepatoma upregulated protein(HURP) is a cellular oncogene that is upregulated in a majority of HCC cases. We highlight here recent findings demonstrating a link between HBx, HURP and anti-apoptosis effects observed in cisplatin-treated HCC cells. We observed that Hep3B cells overexpressing HBx display increased HURP mRNA and protein levels, and show resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of HURP in HBx-expressing cells reverses this effect, and sensitizes cells to cisplatin. The anti-apoptotic effect of HBx requires activation of the p38/MAPK pathway as well as expression of SATB1, survivin and HURP. Furthermore, silencing of HURP using short-hairpin RNA promotes accumulation of p53 and reduces cell proliferation in SK-Hep-1 cells(p53^(+/–)), whereas these effects are not observed in p53-mutant Mahlavu cells. Similarly, HURP silencing does not affect the proliferation of H1299 lung carcinoma cells or Hep3 B HCC cells which lack p53. Silencing of HURP sensitizes SK-Hep-1 cells to cisplatin. While HURP overexpression promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, HURP silencing reverses these effects. Inoculation of SK-Hep-1 cancer cells in which HURP has been silenced produces smaller tumors than control in nude mice. Besides, gankyrin, a positive regulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, is upregulated following HURP expression, and silencing of gankyrin reduces HURP-mediated downregulation of p53. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between HURP and gankyrin protein levels in HCC patients(r^2 = 0.778; n = 9). These findings suggest a role for the viral protein HBx and the host protein HURP in preventing p53-mediated apoptosis during cancer progression and establishment of chemoresistance.

Hepatitis B virus X protein regulates the mEZH2 promoter via the E2F1-binding site in AML12 cells

Histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2 has been reported to be frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) tissues and associated with hepatocarcinogenesis.However,the exact mechanism of EZH2 up-regulation in HCC has not been determined.In this study,we used murine hepatocyte AML12 cells to investigate the role of hepatitis B virus X protein(HBx) in regulating the expression of mEZH2.Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression level of mEZH2 protein in AML12 cells was up-regulated by HBx in a dose-dependent manner.To further investigate the mechanism of mEZH2 overexpression,the 2500 bp regulatory sequence upstream from the first exon of the mEZH2 gene was amplified from AML12 genomic DNA and constructed into a luciferase reporter plasmid.The luciferase activity of the mEZH2 promoter significantly increased in AML12 cells co-transfected with HBx plasmid,and deleting the-486/-214 promoter region decreased HBx-induced mEZH2 promoter activation by nearly 50%.The-486/-214 region was then analyzed in the TRANSFAC 6.0 database and a typical E2F1-binding site was found.Mutation of this E2F1-binding site or knockdown of E2F1 expression by RNAi led to a dramatic decrease in HBx-induced activation of the mEZH2 promoter and mEZH2 overexpression in AML12 cells.These results provide evidence that HBx up-regulates mEZH2 expression by transactivating the mEZH2 promoter through E2F1 transcription factor,thereby providing new epigenetic evidence for the carcinogenic effect of HBx.

Hepatitis B virus X protein induces ALDH2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation to enhance alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background:Excessive alcohol intake with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection accelerates chronic liver disease progression and patients with HBV infection are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver disease.Hepatitis B virus X protein(HBx)plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis,while its specific role in alcoholic liver disease(ALD)progression has not yet been elucidated.Here,we studied the role of HBx on the development of ALD.Methods:HBx-transgenic(HBx-Tg)mice and their wild-type littermates were exposed to chronic plus binge alcohol feeding.Primary hepatocytes,cell lines,and human samples were used to investigate the interaction between HBx and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2).Lipid profiles in mouse livers and cells were assessed by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.Results:We identified that HBx significantly aggravated alcohol-induced steatohepatitis,oxidative stress,and lipid peroxidation in mice.In addition,HBx induced worse lipid profiles with high lysophospholipids generation in alcoholic steatohepatitis,as shown by using lipidomic analysis.Importantly,serum and liver acetaldehyde were markedly higher in alcoholfed HBx-Tg mice.Acetaldehyde induced lysophospholipids generation through oxidative stress in hepatocytes.Mechanistically,HBx directly bound to mitochondrial ALDH2 to induce its ubiquitin–proteasome degradation,resulting in acetaldehyde accumulation.More importantly,we also identified that patients with HBV infection reduced ALDH2 protein levels in the liver.Conclusions:Our study demonstrated that HBx-induced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitochondrial ALDH2 aggravates alcoholic steatohepatitis.

RBMX通过下调PKM2抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭和糖酵解

目的探讨X连锁RNA结合基序蛋白(RBMX)对膀胱癌细胞(1376细胞和UC-3细胞)的增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响以及其在糖酵解中的作用。方法采用慢病毒表达系统和siRNA干扰技术,分别构建RBMX过表达和敲低的膀胱癌细胞模型(1376细胞和UC-3细胞)。采用RT-qPCR和Westernblotting分别在mRNA水平和蛋白水平上检测细胞模型是否构建成功。通过EdU增殖实验和克隆形成实验检测过表达和敲低RBMX后细胞的生长和集落形成能力,同时通过Transwell实验分析过表达和敲低RBMX后对细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响;随后,采用Westernblotting检测过表达和敲低RBMX后糖酵解关键蛋白PKM1(M1型丙酮酸激酶)和PKM2(M2型丙酮酸激酶)的表达变化;最后,利用葡萄糖和乳酸检测试剂盒分析过表达和敲低RBMX对膀胱癌细胞糖酵解的影响。结果RT-qPCR和Westernblotting结果显示,过表达RBMX膀胱癌细胞的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),敲低RBMX膀胱癌细胞的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著低于阴性对照组(P<0.05)。过表达RBMX明显抑制膀胱癌细胞的增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭,敲低RBMX则作用相反。Westernblotting实验结果显示,过表达RBMX使PKM1表达上升,PKM2表达下降,敲低RBMX则作用相反。葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成实验表明,过表达RBMX均能抑制膀胱癌细胞葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成(P<0.05),敲低RBMX均能促进膀胱癌细胞葡萄糖消耗及乳酸生成(P<0.05)。结论RBMX通过下调PKM2抑制膀胱癌的发生发展和糖酵解能力,有望成为膀胱癌诊断和治疗的潜在分子靶标。

大黄鱼UBXN1基因鉴定及其过表达后的转录组分析

为探究一种包含泛素调节性X结构域的蛋白(ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein,UBXN1)在大黄鱼抗盾纤毛虫感染中的作用,以及可能涉及的免疫信号通路。本实验克隆鉴定了大黄鱼UBXN1基因,并利用在线软件对其序列特征进行生物信息学分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测UBXN1在健康大黄鱼各组织中的表达,及盾纤毛虫感染后的诱导表达变化;并进行了UBXN1的亚细胞定位;转录组测序分析了UBXN1过表达前后的差异表达基因。结果显示,UBXN1基因cDNA全长为915 bp,编码304个氨基酸。蛋白多重序列比对和结构预测表明UBXN1是一个进化保守的蛋白,包含UBA和UBX结构域。qRT-PCR分析表明UBXN1在所检测的11种组织中均有表达,脑中表达量最高,其次是肝脏、心脏和肾脏,在肌肉中表达量最低;盾纤毛虫感染大黄鱼后,UBXN1在脾脏、脑、肝脏和肾脏中表达量早期显著升高,后期逐步恢复至正常水平。亚细胞定位分析表明,UBXN1在大黄鱼肾脏细胞质和细胞核中均有表达。在293T细胞过表达UBXN1,转录组差异表达分析筛选到12个上调基因,4个下调基因,其中RPL41/RPL39/XIST/RNA45SN4表达量显著增加,而ATP8/ND4L表达量显著减少。研究表明UBXN1在大黄鱼抗寄生虫免疫应答中发挥重要作用。本实验为进一步研究UBXN1的免疫信号通路奠定基础。

血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2/Bax与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂所致脑梗死的关系及联合检测价值

目的 探讨血清沉默信息调节蛋白1 (SIRT1)、衰老关键蛋白抗原-5 (Fibulin-5)、B淋巴细胞瘤基因-2(Bcl-2)/B淋巴细胞瘤基因-2相关X蛋白(Bax)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)斑块破裂所致脑梗死(ACI)的关系及联合检测价值。方法 选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2021年1月至2023年2月CAS斑块破裂所致ACI患者98例作为研究组,另选取同期CAS斑块未破裂患者98例作为对照组,比较两组血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2、Bax水平,分析各血清指标对CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险的影响及与病情的关系,并评价各血清学指标单独及联合预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的价值。结果 研究组血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平低于对照组,Fibulin-5、Bax水平高于对照组(P<0.05);大面积梗死(MCI)患者血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平<小面积梗死患者<腔隙性梗死(LI)患者,Fibulin-5、Bax水平>小面积梗死患者> LI患者(P<0.05);重度神经功能缺损患者血清SIRT1、Bcl-2水平<中度神经功能缺损患者<轻度神经功能缺损患者,Fibulin-5、Bax水平>中度神经功能缺损患者>轻度神经功能缺损患者(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Bcl-2低水平患者CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险是高水平患者的2.311倍、2.921倍,Fibulin-5、Bax高水平患者CAS斑块破裂所致ACI风险是低水平患者的3.470倍、3.184倍(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Bcl-2与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度呈负相关,Fibulin-5、Bax与梗死面积、神经功能缺损程度呈正相关(P<0.05);血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2、Bax预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的AUC分别为0.716 (95%CI:0.648~0.778)、0.796 (95%CI:0.733~0.850)、0.728 (95%CI:0.660~0.789)、0.763 (95%CI:0.698~0.821),联合预测CAS斑块破裂所致ACI的AUC为0.909 (95%CI:0.860~0.945),优于各血清指标单独预测。结论 血清SIRT1、Fibulin-5、Bcl-2/Bax与CAS斑块破裂所致ACI及其病情程度密切相关,联合预测价值可靠,对临床开展防治工作具有指导意义。

XIAP、Smac表达与乳腺癌新辅助化疗后腋窝阳性淋巴结病理完全缓解及预后的相关性

目的 探究抑制X染色体连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)、第二个线粒体衍生的半胱氨酸蛋白酶激活剂(Smac)表达与乳腺癌新辅助化疗(NACT)后腋窝淋巴结(ALN)阳性病理完全缓解(pCR)及预后的相关性。方法 选取2019年6月至2021年6月期间唐山市妇幼保健院收治的195例乳腺癌ALN阳性患者纳入乳腺癌组,所有患者均进行NACT,NACT前所有患者均进行活检穿刺取病灶组织。另同期选取195例经进行乳腺活检穿刺,且病理证实为良性乳腺结节的患者,纳入对照组。采用免疫组化法检测患者XIAP、Smac表达水平。根据乳腺癌患者NACT疗效分为pCR组及非pCR组,收集患者临床资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析NACT后ALN阳性患者非pCR的影响因素,采用Kaplan Meier法分析不同XIAP、Smac表达情况患者的生存预后情况。结果 乳腺癌组病灶组织XIAP低表达占比低于对照组,Smac低表达高于对照组(P<0.05);195例患中72例患者NACT后pCR,pCR发生率为36.92%;非pCR组AJCCⅢ期、原发病灶直径>3.5 cm、ALN数量≥4个、ALN pN1~pN2期、XIAP高表达及Smac低表达占比均高于pCR组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析模型结果显示,AJCCⅢ期、ALN数量≥4个、ALN pN1~pN2期、XIAP高表达及Smac低表达是乳腺癌患者NACT后ALN阳性非pCR的独立危险因素(P<0.05,OR>1);乳腺癌患者随访时间12~36个月,中位随访时间26个月,Kaplan Meier生存分析显示,XIAP低表达者3年累积生存率为94.9%,高于XIAP高表达者的90.4%(Log rank χ^(2)=4.931,P=0.026);Smac低表达者3年累积生存率为89.8%,低于Smac高表达的94.0%(Log rank χ^(2)=4.534,P=0.033)。结论 乳腺癌ALN阳性患者组织中XIAP异常高表达,Smac异常低表达,XIAP高表达及Smac低表达是乳腺癌患者NACT后ALN阳性非pCR的独立危险因素,XIAP低表达、Smac高表达患者生存率更高,预后更好。

肝外胆管癌ANXA1和XIAP表达的临床病理研究

目的探讨膜联蛋白A1(ANXA1)和X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)表达与肝外胆管癌临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法58例肝外胆管癌手术切除标本及30例癌旁胆管组织,应用EliVision^(TM)plus免疫组织化学染色二步法检测ANXA1和XIAP在癌组织及癌旁胆管组织中的表达,分析ANXA1和XIAP与肝外胆管癌患者性别、年龄、癌灶大小、分化等级、TNM分期、浸润转移及3年生存率7项临床病理特征的相关性。结果癌组织ANXA1和XIAP阳性率分别为84.5%(49/58)和81.0%(47/58),癌旁胆管组织分别为30.0%(9/30)和26.7%(8/30),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ANXA1表达与性别、年龄、分化等级无关(均P>0.05),在癌灶>1.5 cm、TNM(Ⅲ+Ⅳ)期、有浸润转移和3年内死亡患者中,其阳性率显著高于癌灶≤1.5 cm、TNM(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)期、无浸润转移和3年内生存患者(均P<0.05);XIAP表达与性别、年龄无关(均P>0.05),在癌灶>1.5 cm、低分化、TNM(Ⅲ+Ⅳ)期、有浸润转移和3年内死亡患者中,其阳性率显著高于癌灶≤1.5 cm、(高+中)分化、TNM(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)期、无浸润转移和3年内生存患者(均P<0.05)。ANXA1和XIAP表达呈正相关性(r=0.54)。结论ANXA1和XIAP与肝外胆管癌发生发展显著相关,两者表达上调预示癌灶大、分期晚、易浸润转移、生存期短。

伴有癫痫的脆性X综合征家系1例

脆性X综合征(fragile X syndrome,FXS)是FMR1基因CGG异常重复扩增导致的疾病。本文报告1对经基因检测诊断为FXS的兄弟,2例患者分别为15岁和14岁,均存在语言障碍、智力障碍、注意力缺陷障碍、孤独症谱系障碍和FXS特征性面容等临床表现,其中先证者伴有罕见的晚发性癫痫发作,经左乙拉西坦治疗效果良好,而其弟弟经反复随访未见脑电图异常。该对病例提示FXS临床表型具有多样性和异质性。

下调XBP1s通过Sirt3/SOD2/mtROS轴减轻缺氧/复氧诱导的肾小管上皮细胞衰老

目的探讨剪接型X-盒结合蛋白1(XBP1s)在缺氧/复氧(H/R)诱导的原代肾小管上皮细胞衰老中的作用及机制。方法将原代肾小管上皮细胞分为空白对照组(NC组)、H/R组、空载腺病毒阴性对照组(Ad-shNC组)、靶向沉默XBP1s腺病毒组(Ad-shXBP1s组)、空载腺病毒+H/R处理组(Ad-shNC+H/R组)、靶向沉默XBP1s腺病毒+H/R处理组(Ad-shXBP1s+H/R组)。检测NC组、H/R组、Ad-shNC组、Ad-shXBP1s组XBP1s的表达情况。检测Ad-shNC组、Ad-shNC+H/R组、Ad-shXBP1s+H/R组β-半乳糖苷酶染色情况,细胞衰老标志物p53、p21、γH2AX表达情况,氧化应激相关指标活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。采用染色质免疫共沉淀验证XBP1s转录调控沉默信息调节因子3(Sirt3),检测下调XBP1s后Sirt3及下游SOD2表达,采用流式细胞术检测线粒体活性氧簇(mt ROS)。结果与NC组比较,H/R组XBP1s表达增多;与Ad-sh NC组比较,Ad-sh XBP1s组XBP1s表达减少(均为P<0.001)。与Adsh NC组比较,Ad-sh NC+H/R组β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性细胞数增加,p53、p21、γH2AX表达增多,ROS、MDA、mt ROS水平升高,SOD活性下降,Sirt3表达量降低,Ac-SOD2/SOD2比值升高;与Ad-sh NC+H/R组相比,Ad-sh XBP1s+H/R组β-半乳糖苷酶染色阳性细胞数减少,p53、p21、γH2AX表达减少,ROS、MDA、mt ROS水平下降,SOD活性升高,Sirt3表达量升高,Ac-SOD2/SOD2比值下降(均为P<0.05)。结论下调XBP1s可减轻H/R诱导的原代肾小管上皮细胞衰老,可能是通过Sirt3/SOD2/mt ROS信号轴发挥作用。

晚期胃癌患者参一胶囊联合化疗治疗前后血清Bcl⁃2、Bax、Fas与预后的相关性

目的研究晚期胃癌患者血清B细胞淋巴瘤⁃2基因(Bcl⁃2)、Bcl⁃2相关X蛋白(Bax)、自杀相关因子(Fas)与参一胶囊联合化疗治疗预后的相关性。方法选择2019年1月至2023年4月在安徽省颍上县人民医院进行参一胶囊联合化疗的72例晚期胃癌患者患者并进行1年随访,随访期间存活的患者作为预后良好组(n=48)、死亡的患者作为预后不良组(n=24)。比较两组患者治疗前各项临床资料及血清Bcl⁃2、Bax、Fas水平的差异,采用logistic回归分析预后的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Bcl⁃2、Bax、Fas对预后的预测效能。结果预后不良组晚期患者参一胶囊联合化疗治疗前的血清癌胚抗原、糖类抗原199、Bcl⁃2水平高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.749、5.032、6.033,P<0.05);血清Bax、Fas水平低于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.067、7.018,P<0.05)。治疗前血清Bcl⁃2水平升高是晚期胃癌患者参一胶囊联合化疗治疗预后不良的危险因素,Bax、Fas水平升高是晚期胃癌患者参一胶囊联合化疗治疗预后不良的保护因素(P<0.05)。血清Bcl⁃2、Bax、Fas及血清Bcl⁃2+Bax+Fas均对晚期胃癌患者参一胶囊联合化疗治疗的预后具有预测价值,血清Bcl⁃2+Bax+Fas预测预后的灵敏度和特异度均为87.5%。结论血清Bcl⁃2增加、Bax和Fas降低与晚期胃癌患者参一胶囊联合化疗治疗预后不良有关,治疗前血清Bcl⁃2+Bax+Fas对预后具有预测价值。