The Relationship between Mental Health Literacy and Subjective Well-Being of Young and Middle-Aged Residents: Perceived the Mediating Role of Social Support and Its Urban-Rural Differences

This study investigates mental health literacy among young and middle-aged urban and rural residents and the differences in mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being.From January to February 2022,620 participants(320 rural and 300 urban residents)from three provinces of China were selected by con-venience sampling.A general data questionnaire,mental health literacy scale,perceived social support scale and subjective well-being scale were administered.The mental health literacy scores of urban residents were 3.34±0.57 and those of rural residents were 2.73±0.79.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the mental health literacy scores of rural residents were more significant than those of urban residents in terms of sex and age,while urban residents’mental health literacy scores were more significant than those of rural resi-dents in terms of monthly income.Mental health literacy,perceived social support and subjective well-being of young and middle-aged urban and rural residents were all positively correlated(P<0.01).While the level of mental health literacy is better among urban residents than rural residents,perceived social support plays a partial mediating role between mental health literacy and subjective well-being of both urban and rural residents,and should be the focus of researchers seeking to improve the level of well-being of residents.

Effect of Age and Sex on Stroke Mortality of Young and Middle-aged Adults in China,2002–2019,and Predictions to 2030

Objective This study aimed to examine the trends in stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults in China.Methods Data were obtained from the China national vital registration system.Significant changes in mortality were assessed by Joinpoint regression.Age-period-cohort analysis was used to explain the reasons for the changes.Future mortality and counts were predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model.Results Between 2002 and 2019,a total of 6,253,951 stroke mortality in young and middle-aged adults were recorded.The age-adjusted mortality rates(AAMRs)of women showed a downward trend.The annual percent changes(APC)were-3.5%(-5.2%,-1.7%)for urban women and-2.8%(-3.7%,-1.9%)for rural women.By contrast,the AAMRs per 100,000 for rural men aged 25–44 years continued to rise from 9.40 to 15.46.The AAMRS for urban men aged 25–44 years and urban and rural men aged 45–64years did not change significantly.Between 2020 and 2030,the projected stroke deaths are 1,423,584 in men and 401,712 in women.Conclusion Significant sex and age disparities in the trends of stroke mortality among young and middle-aged adults were identified in China.Targeted health policy measures are needed to address the burden of stroke in the young generation,especially for rural men,with a focus on the prevention and management of high risk factors.

Choroidal thickness measurements in young Saudi adult population: a cross-sectional study

AIM:To determine the choroidal thickness(CT)in young healthy Saudi adults using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)with an automated CT segmentation software.METHODS:Fifty-eight young adults(total of 116 eyes),39 males and 19 females participated in this study between the ages of 18 and 38y(mean 22.65±3.9y).All participants underwent ophthalmic screening examination,including the SD-OCT for measurements of CT in each quadrant egmented into five eccentric regions starting from the foveal region up to 4.5 mm towards the periphery.RESULTS:The choroid was thickest in the foveal region(central 1 mm,300±60μm)and began to progressively thinner beyond the parafovea(1.5–2.5 mm,284±67μm)towards the peripheral region(3.5–4.5 mm from the fovea,254±83μm).The superior choroid showed the thickest profile(309±57μm),while the nasal choroid exhibited the thinnest(229±76μm).The rate of the thinning with increasing eccentricity was more predominant in the nasal choroid,which thinned from the foveal region(294±58μm)to the peripheral region(158±55μm).The superior and inferior choroid did not show a statistically significant thinning with eccentricity(all P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the CT between gender,age,and laterality of the eyes(all P>0.05).A significant association of myopia with thinner subfoveal choroid was observed(Pearson’s,r=0.37),and regression analysis showed that a 10.3μm choroidal thinning for each diopter increase of myopia.CONCLUSION:CT profile depends on eccentric and the quadrant.The CT profile across the measured area in the young Saudi adult population is comparable to other previous reports.Refractive error is critical for CT evaluation.

Influencing factors of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease:a cross-sectional study

Objective:To examine the present state of fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and to identify the elements that may be affecting it.Methods:From December 2020 to June 2021,240 young and middle-aged patients with CHD who were being treated in the cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital in Suzhou were chosen using a convenience sampling method in order to gather data on the patients’sociodemographic status,fatigue,social support,and stress.Results:Of the 240 disseminated questionnaires,220 valid responses were returned,resulting in an effective recovery rate of 91.67%.The frequency of exhaustion was 51.8%,and the fatigue score was(5.27±2.77).The stress score was(11.15±3.36),while the overall social support score was(39.13±4.72).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that age,exercise,staying up late,stress,social support,high-sensitivity troponin T,high-density lipoprotein,and ejection fraction were independent risk factors for fatigue in young and middle-aged patients with CHD(P<0.05).Conclusions:Fatigue is more prevalent in young and middle-aged patients with CHD.Clinical nurses can create a unique management plan for patients based on their lifestyle and behavioral patterns,stress levels,social support,and clinical signs to reduce fatigue.

Association of fatigue with short-term prognosis in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease

Background:To investigate the effect of fatigue on the short-term prognosis of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:A cross-sectional,observational survey was distributed at a tertiary hospital in Suzhou,China.Patients were assessed for fatigue and their prognosis was assessed at 3 and 6 months after discharge.General Information Questionnaire,Fatigue Scale and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)were used for the survey.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the impact of fatigue on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events(MACEs)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life(HRQoL)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results:199 patients were followed up with in the end.43 patients(21.6%)with MACE three months after discharge had a total SAQ score of(399.76±39.61).The overall SAQ score was(425.14±22.66)and 52 patients(26.1%)experienced MACE six months after discharge.Fatigue was identified as a risk factor for MACE 6 months after discharge by the Cox proportional hazard model(HR=2.939,95%CI:0.177~0.655,P=0.001)and as an independent risk factor for quality of life 3 and 6 months after discharge by multiple linear regression(P<0.001).Conclusions:In individuals who are young or middle-aged and have coronary heart disease,fatigue is a risk factor for the short-term prognosis.It is advised that clinical professionals prioritize patient fatigue assessment and improve management of fatigue symptoms.

Study on Influencing Factors of Mental Health of Mobile Young White-Collar Workers in China

Mobile young white-collar workers not only have the characteristics of mobile young people,but also have the characteristics of general white-collar workers.Under the influence of both,their mental health may be suffering from“double disadvantage”.So,based on an ecological model of the stress process,this paper tries to use the data of the questionnaire on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in Zhejiang Province to explore the influence of some factors in the middle workplace and residence place on the mental health of micro individuals.The results show that:(1)The working environment with high control and low freedom and the workplace discrimination against the mobile status will have a negative impact on the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers;(2)Financial anxiety in daily life will lead to a decline in the mental health level of mobile young white-collar workers;(3)Good organizational support and neighborhood social relations can significantly relieve life pressure,so as to effectively improve the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers.It can be seen that we also need to pay more attention to the mental health of mobile young white-collar workers in order to improve their situation.

Factors associated with financial support in old age for young and middle-aged rural residents in China

This study examined the factors associated with financial support in old age from three primary mechanisms-personal savings,family support,and social insurance-to explore the implications for the future development of China's rural social welfare system.Cross-sectional surveys of 1392 young and middle-aged rural residents were conducted in July and August2012.The results showed that while social insurance was increasingly acceptable,personal savings and family support still had fundamental value.Combining the three mechanisms,the rural old-age welfare system presented nontraditional features.China's new rural endowment insurance is discussed as a means to address the need for financial support among the rural aging population.

Prevalence of HBs Antigen, and HCV and HIV Antibodies in a Young Male Population in Cameroon

Introduction: According to WHO estimates, 57% of cases of liver cirrhosis and 78% of primary liver carcinoma are caused by a hepatitis B or C virus. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these diseases and HIV among a young male population, according to region. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 17 February to 31 March 2014 in the ten administrative regions of Cameroon. The study included male subjects of Cameroonian nationality aged at least 18 and at most 23, and living in the regions concerned. It excluded subjects that did not match the age, gender, and nationality criteria. For each subject, 10 ml of blood was collected in a dry tube. After centrifugation at 3000 RPM for 5 minutes, the serum was collected for the detection of viral infections. For subjects that tested positive, a confirmatory test was conducted. Results: In total, 4367 subjects were selected, with an average age of 20.46 (+/- 1.17) years. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus stood at 13.01% (with 95% CI: 12.03% - 14.05%). That of viral hepatitis C was 0.30% (95% CI: 0.17% - 0.52%). Co-infection with hepatitis B and C viruses was 0.05% (95% CI: 0.01% - 0.18%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 1.01% (95% CI: 0.74% - 1.36%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HBsAg in the population of young males is high. It tallies with the early vertical and horizontal modes of transmission that prevail in our environment.

Psychosocial Adaptation Level and Work Participation Rate of Young and Middle-aged Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI

[Objectives]The research aimed to understand the psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI and their participation situation in work.[Methods]210 young and middle-aged patients aged 18-59 years with coronary heart disease treated by PCI in a tertiary hospital of Suzhou from July of 2020 to November of 2022 were selected,and general information of patients in three days after operation was registered.Self-report psychosocial adjustment to illness scale(PAIS-SR)was used to investigate the psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients in 1,3 and 6 months after operation and the participation rate of work.[Results]The psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI was different in gender,age,education level,marital status,hypertension,diabetes,postoperative cardiac color Doppler ultrasound results(left ventricular ejection fraction)and the number of stents(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The psychosocial adjustment to illness of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease after PCI needs to be improved.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of men is higher than that of women.The older the age is,the lower the psychosocial adjustment to illness is.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients with high educational background is higher than those with low educational background,while the psychosocial adjustment to illness of married people is higher than unmarried people.The psychosocial adjustment to illness of patients with hypertension and/or diabetes is lower.

Correlation of blood uric acid level with the degree of anxiety as well as the neurotransmitter and cytokine secretion in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder

Objective:To study the correlation of blood uric acid level with the degree of anxiety as well as the neurotransmitter and cytokine secretion in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder.Methods: The young and middle-aged patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder in our hospital between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected as the anxiety group, and the healthy subjects receiving physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected to determine the contents of uric acid, neurotransmitters and cytokines, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was adopted to judge the degree of anxiety.Results: The blood uric acid level of anxiety group was obviously higher than that of control group and the higher the HAMA scores, the more significant the rising of blood uric acid levels;serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contents of anxiety group were significantly higher than those of control group whereas neuropeptide Y (NPY), IL-4 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) contents were significantly lower than those of control group;blood uric acid level of the anxiety group was positively correlated with 5-HT, NE, DA, IL-1 , IL-17 and IFN-γ contents, and negatively correlated with NPY, IL-4 and TGF-β contents.Conclusion: The rise of blood uric acid level in young and middle-aged patients with anxiety disorder is related to the aggravation of anxiety degree as well as the abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters and cytokines.

Population Education for young Children

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Experience of Treating Hypertension from Liver and Spleen Among Middle-Aged and Young Patients:A Summary

Qi deficiency of the spleen and stomach,transportation,phlegm and dampness generate endogenous and turbid phlegm that violates the position of yang clearance.As a result,dizziness cis resulted.The author believes that the incidence of middle-aged and young patients with hypertension is mostly related to the dysfunction of liver and spleen.Liver depression and qi stagnation is the beginning of the onset;spleen deficiency and dyskinesia is the norm of the onset;and liver and spleen imbalance is the origin of the onset.It is advocated that regulating the liver and spleen to restore the rise and fall,harmonizing qi and blood and preventing lesions are the main treatment methods for the treatment of middle-aged and young people’s hypertension,which is conducive to the development of more clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas for hypertension amomg middle-aged and young people.

Excessive 5-year weight gain predicts metabolic syndrome development in healthy middle-aged adults

AIM:To quantitatively examine the impacts of an easyto-measure parameter-weight gain-on metabolic syndrome development among middle-aged adults. METHODS:We conducted a five-year interval observational study.A total of 1384 middle-aged adults not meeting metabolic syndrome(MetS)criteria at the initial screening were included in our analysis.Baseline data such as MetS-components and lifestyle factors were collected in 2002.Body weight and MetS-components were measured in both 2002 and 2007.Participants were classified according to proximal quartiles of weight gain(WG)in percentages(%WG≤1%,1%< %WG≤5%,5%<%WG≤10%and%WG>10%, defined as:control,mild-WG,moderate-WG and severe-WG groups,respectively)at the end of the follow-up. Multivariate models were used to assess the association between MetS outcome and excessive WG in the total population,as well as in both genders. RESULTS:In total,175(12.6%)participants fulfilled MetS criteria within five years.In comparison to the control group,mild-WG adults had an insignificant risk for MetS development while adults having moderate-WG had a 3.0-fold increased risk for progression to MetS [95%confidence interval(CI),1.8-5.1],and this risk was increased 5.4-fold(95%CI,3.0-9.7)in subjects having severe-WG.For females having moderate-and severe-WG,the risk for developing MetS was 3.6(95% CI,1.03-12.4)and 5.5(95%CI,1.4-21.4),respectively. For males having moderate-and severe-WG,the odds ratio for MetS outcome was respectively 3.0(95%CI, 1.6-5.5)and 5.2(95%CI,2.6-10.2). CONCLUSION:For early-middle-aged healthy adults with a five-year weight gain over 5%,the severity of weight gain is related to the risk for developing metabolic syndrome.

Young养育问卷中文简版的修订

目的：探讨简化后的Young养育问卷（ Young Parenting Inventory－Short Form，YPI－SF）在中国正常人群中的信效度。方法：经YPI版权所属机构授权，按照跨文化修订法对YPI进行修订，YPI中文版包含72个条目，17个因子。采用方便取样入组233名成年健康人完成YPI中文版和Young图式问卷－简版（ YSQ－SF）。分析YPI内部一致性，进行项目分析筛选和探索性因素分析，形成Young养育问卷中文简版（ Young Parenting Inventory－Short Form，YPI－SF）。使用YSQ－SF作为效标，分析YPI－SF的校标效度。4周后随机抽取110人再次施测YPI－SF，检验重测信度。结果：YPI－SF由45个条目组成，共包括17个因子，累计贡献率74．1％。 YPI－SF总量表的Cron-bachα系数为0．86，分量表的α系数介于0．51～0．85之间，分量表与总量表的相关系数为0．17～0．69。 YPI－SF总量表的重测信度是0．72，分量表的重测信度在0．40～0．68之间。 YPI－SF与YSQ－SF总量表的相关系数是0．51（P＜0．05）；除IS分量表外（r＝0．09，P＞0．05），YPI－SF所有分量表与YSQ－SF的相关系数介于0．15～0．36之间（P＜0．05）。结论：Young养育问卷中文简版在正常人中具有较好的信效度，可用于筛查图式的来源。

城市治理背景下低技能劳动力的多维特征——聚焦低学历青年流动人口的分析

“城市病”制约城市良性发展,人口快速集中被视为首要诱因,以低学历青年流动人口为主的低技能劳动力群体更是长期背负阻滞质疑。考察2017年流动人口动态监测数据发现,低学历青年流动人口集中表现为中学学历的农村已婚青年群体;主要从事基础民生产业和制造业的劳动密集型岗位,是城市有序运行的基础;但面临收入水平低、劳动时间长、健康风险大、居住条件差、子女教育难等问题。关注低学历青年流动人口所表征的低技能劳动力的多维特征,有助于正确认识低技能劳动力价值,促进城市治理与低技能劳动力双向高质量发展。

住房负担与青年流动人口市民化的城市选择

推进青年流动人口市民化是我国新型城镇化进程中需要解决的重点问题,而住房是青年流动人口市民化的关键。基于2016年流动人口动态监测调查数据,从住房负担角度分析青年流动人口市民化的城市选择。研究发现:青年流动人口整体市民化水平不高,且大部分青年流动人口市民化的城市选择为户籍地;房价上涨对青年流动人口在流入地市民化具有挤出效应,但缴存住房公积金对房价的挤出效应具有正向调节作用,尤其是在大城市和高收入群体中发挥的市民化支持作用更强;低收入群体在流入地城市实现市民化的概率较低,对房价上涨不敏感。

长寿时代老年人的年龄重构及退休政策调整

人口老龄化不断加深是未来发展的人口基础,既有挑战又有机遇。老年人是社会财富而非包袱,创新认识老年人和开发老年人力资源势在必行。我国老龄社会呈现出长寿化与少子化并行、年龄老龄化与能力年轻化并存、寿命持续延长与退休年龄停滞同在、受教育年限增加与生命周期的生产性时长缩短共存等一系列矛盾。现行的国家法律、政策、规划等文件中均以60岁为老年门槛年龄标准,这是缘起于20世纪50年代初期制定的男60岁、女55岁和50岁退休的年龄标准,与人口和经济社会发展现实及未来已经严重脱节,亟待改革。21世纪中叶以前的平均预期寿命继续延长、低龄老龄化特征以及同一年龄节点的老年人能力“年轻化”趋势,创造了重构老年人年龄和改革退休政策的窗口期。基于老年人健康状况、劳动能力和劳动意愿的深入分析,提出在实践中增强老年界定和制度安排的灵活性,促进理论和政策向老年人口“年轻化”的现实靠拢。未来建议:一是完善以弹性退休为主导的延迟退休配套政策,将退休时机的选择权交给个人;二是施行平滑渐进式的退休过程,让退休过程与个体的衰老过程相吻合;三是制度支撑和民生牵引共同保障老年人劳动意愿充分发挥,助力粗放的人力资源开发方式向精细化转型。

Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Colon Cancer Patients Younger than 30 Years Old Based on the SEER Registry:From 2010 to 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic characteristics and prognostic factors in young patients(<30 y.o.)with colon cancer.The Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)registry database,a US population-based cancer registry database,was used to identify all patients diagnosed with colon cancer from 2010 to 2015.Cox proportional-hazards regression was used analysis to evaluate the association between the patients registry database,and to identify all patients diagnosed with c race,AJCC stage,treatment methods,primary tumor site,differentiation grade and histological type.A total of 554 patients were diagnosed with colon cancer when younger than 30 years old.The overall rate of distant metastasis in the cohort was 28.5%.The majority of neoplasms were found in whites/Caucasians(75.8%),while the incidence in Black/African-American patients was relatively low(12.7%).A large proportion of tumors were located in the sigmoid colon(35.9%),followed by the descending colon,ascending colon and transverse colon.Grade III/Grade IV(HR=1.74;95%CI,1.38 to 3.20),distant metastasis(HR=5.25;95%CI,2.44 to 7.86),no surgery(HR=5.25;95%CI,2.44 to 7.86),and mucous/signet-ring cell histology(HR=2.49;95%CI,2.15 to 2.94)were independent risk factors for reduced survival in the analysis.The tumor location(P=0.71),race(P=0.52)and gender(P=0.41)were not major factors affecting the overall survival rate.This study revealed the distinct clinic pathological features of colon cancer patients younger than 30 years old.Poorly differentiated tumors,non-surgical treatment,and distant metastasis indicated a worse prognosis and overall survival.

基于老幼复合共享的社区公共设施设计研究

目的探索人口老龄化背景下,实现我国社区公共设施老幼复合共享的设计要点。方法通过对老年人和儿童群体的生理、心理需求和行为活动特征进行分析,指出基于老幼复合共享的社区公共设施设计要以人为本,准确把握老年人和儿童群体在日常生活中的身心状态和行为活动的内在关联性。在设计中不仅需要妥善处理好老年人和儿童群体的健康安全、社交娱乐、情感归属需求,还应结合老年人和儿童群体的时域、地域以及类型进行关联思考,通过理论研究和案例论证,阐述如何通过社区公共设施设计促进老幼代际的交流与融合。结果得出基于老幼复合共享下的公共设施设计要点。结论基于老幼复合共享的社区公共设施设计需要关注老幼群体的共融、共助、共依、共娱,从协调多元需求、引导互助协作、促进交往陪伴、激发多维互动等方面进行设计探索,从而促进代际融合与全龄社区环境的实现。

不同基线血压水平对40岁以下青年人群早发心脏病的影响

目的:探讨不同基线血压水平对40岁以下青年人群早发心脏病(发病年龄<55岁)的影响。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究方法,选取2006~2012年度首次参加开滦集团职工健康体检、40岁以下且血压资料完整、既往无心脏病病史者共35993例,以新发心脏病(包括冠心病、心房颤动及心力衰竭)为终点事件,随访至2021年年底。根据2018年中国高血压防治指南血压分级标准将受试者分为四组:正常血压组(n=13208)、血压正常高值组(n=16576)、高血压1级组(n=4357)、高血压2~3级组(n=1852)。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算不同基线血压水平分组的早发心脏病累积发病率,并采用log-rank检验进行组间比较。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析不同基线血压水平对早发心脏病的影响。结果:平均随访(12.5±2.6)年时,正常血压组、血压正常高值组、高血压1级组、高血压2~3级组的早发心脏病累积发病率分别为0.47%、0.97%、3.56%和4.42%(log-rank P<0.01)。Cox回归分析结果显示,校正年龄、性别等混杂因素后,与正常血压组相比,血压正常高值组、高血压1级组、高血压2~3级组早发心脏病HR(95%CI)分别为1.59(1.12~2.24)、2.08(1.41~3.08)和3.20(2.11~4.85),P均<0.01。结论:血压水平升高是青年人群早发心脏病的危险因素。