Intervention control of aerobic exercise in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication in the treatment of maintenance hemodialysis patients,which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and threatens their life safety.Prevention,treatment and improvement of pulmonary hypertension are of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients.AIM To investigate the intervention and control of pedal-powered bicycle in maintaining quality of life and pulmonary hypertension in hemodialysis patients.METHODS 73 patients with maintenance hemadialysis combined with pulmonary arterial hypertension at a hemodialysis center in a certain hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 are selected.Patients are divided into two groups,37 cases in the control group(group C)and 36 cases in the intervention group(group I).Patients are divided into two groups,group C is treated with oral administration of betaglandin sodium combined with routine nursing care.Based on group C,group I conducts power cycling exercises.RESULTS After treatment,group I patients had higher muscle strength,36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores,and Kidney Disease Targets Areas scores;The 6-minute walk distance test index level was higher and the Borg score was lower;The group I had lower systolic blood pressure,greater vital capacity,higher positive emotion,lower systolic pulmonary artery pressure index level,higher arterial partial oxygen pressure level,lower pulmonary vascular resistance index level,and higher blood oxygen saturation level[158.91±11.89 vs 152.56±12.81,1795.01±603.18 vs 1907.20±574.15,24.00(22.00,29.00)vs 24.00(22.00,28.00),P<0.001].CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise combined with Western medicine treatment can effectively improve patients'pulmonary hypertension,alleviate their negative emotions,and enable them to achieve a higher level of quality of life.

Effect of Resistance Training,Aerobic Exercise Before Doula-Assisted Delivery on the Psychological Well-Being and Labor Duration of Parturients

Objective:To investigate the impact of resistance training and aerobic exercise before doula-assisted delivery on the psychological well-being and labor duration of parturients.Methods:105 cases of parturients who gave birth in our hospital from February 2021 to April 2023 were included in this study.The patients were divided into a control group of 52 cases and an observation group of 53 cases.The patients in the control group received no particular intervention before delivery and only received doula assistance.The patients in the observation group received resistance training,aerobic exercise,and doula assistance prior to giving birth.After delivery,the mothers were observed for 2 hours in the delivery room and then returned to the maternal and infant ward.The observation indicators of the two groups were compared.Results:In comparison to the control group,the observation group exhibited shorter durations in the first,second,and third stages of labor,as well as the total delivery time.Additionally,the amount of postpartum blood loss at 2 hours was smaller in the observation group.The rate of cesarean section was lower,and the rate of vaginal natural delivery was higher in the observation group.Following the intervention,both groups of postpartum women showed decreased SAS and SDS scores compared to before the intervention.Moreover,the observation group had lower scores than the control group.These differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Resistance training and aerobic exercise before doula-assisted delivery can effectively improve the psychological state of parturients,shorten labor duration,increase the rate of natural vaginal delivery,and reduce pain and postpartum hemorrhage.

Aerobic exercise improves gastrointestinal motility in psychiatric inpatients

AIM: To evaluate the benefit of aerobic exercise on colonic transit time (CTT) for psychiatric inpatients in a closed ward.

Aerobic exercise combined with huwentoxin-I mitigates chronic cerebral ischemia injury

Ca2＋ channel blockers have been shown to protect neurons from ischemia, and aerobic exercise has significant protective effects on a variety of chronic diseases. The present study injected huwentoxin-I （HWTX-I）, a spider peptide toxin that blocks Ca2＋ channels, into the caudal vein of a chronic cerebral ischemia mouse model, once every 2 days, for a total of 15 injections. During this time, a subgroup of mice was subjected to treadmill exercise for 5 weeks. Results showed amelioration of cortical injury and improved neurological function in mice with chronic cerebral ischemia in the HWTX-I ＋ aerobic exercise group. The combined effects of HWTX I and exercise were superior to HWTX-I or aerobic exercise alone. HWTX-I effectively activated the Notch signal transduction pathway in brain tissue. Aerobic exercise up-regulated synaptophysin mRNA expression. These results demonstrated that aerobic exercise, in combination with HWTX-I, effectively relieved neuronal injury induced by chronic cerebral ischemia via the Notch signaling pathway and promoting synaptic regeneration.

Early Aerobic Exercise Promotes Neurological Function Recovery of Rats after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion by Upregulating the Expression of Heat Shock Protein A5

Objective The neuroprotective function of heat shock protein A5(HSPA5)in ischemic stroke has been confirmed.This study aimed to investigate the effects of early aerobic exercise on neurological function recovery from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and to determine whether these effects are associated with the expression level of HSPA5 in the ischemic penumbra.Methods A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the ischemia and exercise group[middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)-Ex,n=18],ischemia and sedentary group(MCAO-St,n=18),sham-surgery and exercise group(Sham-Ex,n=18),or sham-surgery and sedentary group(Sham-St,n=18).The MCAO-Ex and MCAO-St groups were subjected to MCAO for 60 min,whereas the Sham-Ex and Sham-St groups were subjected to an identical operation without MCAO.Rats in the MCAO-Ex and Sham-Ex groups then ran on a treadmill for 30 min once a day for 5 consecutive days.After reperfusion,the motor function of the rats was scored by the Bederson neurological function test,balance beam test,and screen test.Nissl staining was conducted to assess morphological and structural change of nerve cells in the ischemic penumbra.The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was applied to detect the mRNA expression of HSPA5.Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein expression of HSPA5.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)staining was carried out in the ischemic penumbra after MCAO.Results Rats receiving early treadmill exercise had lower Bederson neurological function,balance beam,and screen test scores on the 3rd,7th,and 14th days after MCAO;in addition,more neurons survived in the ischemic penumbra after MCAO,and higher mRNA and protein expression of HSPA5 and fewer TUNEL-positive stained cells were observed.Conclusion Our study demonstrated that early aerobic exercise can improve neurological function recovery after ischemia/reperfusion.Furthermore,the increased level of HSPA5 in the ischemic penumbra might be one of the mechanisms of enhanced neurological function recovery.

Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol.NAFLD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Aerobic exercise is shown to improve NAFLD.This review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD.DATA SOURCE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub Med.RESULTS： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include： （i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. CONCLUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.

Effect of aerobic exercise on the contractile function of gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain

Objective To study the effect of 4-6 weeks’ treadmill training of male SD rats on the contractile function of their gastrocnemius myosin heavy chain (MHC). Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and training group. The treadmill training of the training group rats was incessantly performed for 4-6 weeks at an intensity of about 75% VO2max (18.5-24 m/min,gradient of 0°,each training session lasting 50 minutes,twice a day). The content of gastrocnemius MHC mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and the changes of muscle fibre and its cross-section area (CSA) were measured using immunohistochemistry. Electric stimulation tests were used to determine the maximal tension of isometric contraction of the post-training gastrocnemius. Results ① After continuous treadmill training for 4-6 weeks,we found that the content of the total MHC,MHC Ⅰ,MHC Ⅱx,MHC Ⅱa mRNAs was 105%,105%,109% and 108% of that in the resting control group,respectively,and the MHC Ⅱb mRNA content did not change significantly. The percentage of MHC Ⅰ mRNA in the total MHC mRNA increased while that of MHC Ⅱ mRNA decreased after aerobic training. ② The slow type of fibre type Ⅰ was the main part of the MHC after training and the CSA of the muscle fibres increased simultaneously. ③ The maximal tension of isometric contraction by pulse stimulation of square wave in the training group increased significantly compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The findings indicate that aerobic exercise may promote an increase in the contractile function of MHC.

Meta analysis of the effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory factors and glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective:To explore the effects of aerobic exercise on the levels of inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:Randomized controlled studies(RCTs)on the effects of aerobic exercise on inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes were searched from electronic databases.Two researchers independently screened the literatures for data extraction and quality assessment.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.Results:A total of 17 literatures were included,including 1186 patients.The results of Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced the plasma levels of CRP,TNF-α,IL-6,and leptin in T2DM patients,but did not significantly reduce the plasma concentration of adiponectin.However,the left and right asymmetry of the"inverted funnel"plot indicated that there was a certain publication bias in the included studies.Conclusion:Existing evidence shows that aerobic exercise has a good effect on the improvement of chronic inflammatory state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,suggesting that lifestyle changes can play a good role in adjunctive therapy.

Effects of Teriparatide and Aerobic Exercise on Lumbar Spine Microstructure in Ovariectomized and Tail-Suspended Rats

Osteoporosis is an increasingly prevalent malady of the elderly that is associated with bone fragility and increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis treatments focus on restoring bone strength and quality. Teriparatide (TPTD) is a therapeutic agent that has been shown to increase bone strength by improving the volume and connectivity of trabecular bone. Exercise is also known to have pro-osteogenic effects. Here we used a rat model of severe osteoporosis (ovariectomized and tail-suspension) to evaluate the effects of TPTD, exercise and a combination of TPTD and exercise on the microstructure of trabecular bone. TPTD mono-therapy and TPTD combined with exercise treatment significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) in the whole body. Micro-computed tomography analysis revealed that a combination of exercise and TPTD treatment significantly decreased bone surface to volume and trabecular separation compared with those of the control and exercise groups. Node-strut analysis indicated that exercise or TPTD alone did not affect trabecular bone connectivity. However, the combination of exercise and TPTD treatment significantly decreased measures of trabecular bone connectivity (node number) that are consistent with a transition from rod-like to plate-like of trabecular bone microstructures. The combination treatment with exercise and TPTD improved microstructure of trabecular bone in the OVX and tail-suspended rats. These results indicate that combining exercise with TPTD represents a viable means to improve cancellous bone strength in osteoporosis populations.

An Innovative Approach towards Selecting Aerobic and Coordinative Exercises in Clinical Practice for Children and Young People with ADHD

A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.

Exercise training mode effects on myokine expression in healthy adults:A systematic review with meta-analysis

Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration,inflammatory cascade,insulin secretion,angiogenesis,fatty oxidation,and cancer suppression.To date,the effects of different exercise modes(namely,aerobic and resistance exercise)on myokine response remain to be elucidated.This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment.Methods:A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,SPORTDiscus,andWeb of Science in April 2023.Eligible studies examining the effects of a single bout of exercise on interleukin15(IL-15),irisin,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),oncostatinM(OSM),and decorin were included.A random-effects meta-analysis was also undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change.Results:Sixty-two studies were included(n=1193).Overall,exercise appeared to induce small to large increases in myokine expression,with effects observed immediately after to 60 min post-exercise,although these were mostly not statistically significant.Both aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in changes in myokine levels,without any significant difference between training modes,and with the magnitude of change differing across myokines.Myokine levels returned to baseline levels within 180 min to 24 h post-exercise.However,owing to potential sources of heterogeneity,most changes were not statistically significant,indicating that precise conclusions cannot be drawn.Conclusion:Knowledge is limited but expanding with respect to the impact of overall and specific effects of exercise on myokine expression at different time points in the systemic circulation.Further research is required to investigate the effects of different exercise modes at multiple time points on myokine response.

Aerobic exercise improves ejaculatory behaviors and complements dapoxetine treatment by upregulating the BDNF-5-HT duo:a pilot study in rats

Accumulating evidence has revealed many clues that regular aerobic exercise benefits brain health and behaviors.The aims of this study were to explore the effect of aerobic exercise on ejaculatory behaviors,as well as to make a preliminary assessment of aerobic exercise as a complementary strategy to dapoxetine treatment in rapid ejaculators.Copulatory tests of rats and a treadmill training protocol were performed in this study.In total,12 rapid ejaculators were selected on the basis of ejaculation distribution theory and randomly assigned to 4 groups:control(Ctrol)group,aerobic exercise(Ex)group,dapoxetine(Dapo)group,and Ex+Dapo group.We evaluated the changes in ejaculatory parameters in the 4 groups.Variations in biological markers,including serum corticosterone,serotonin(5-HT),and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)of the raphe nucleus,were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The primary finding of our study was that both aerobic exercise and acute dapoxetine could enhance ejaculation control and prolong ejaculation latency in rapid ejaculator rats.The ejaculation delay effect of aerobic exercise was nearly equivalent to that of acute dapoxetine.In addition,both aerobic exercise and dapoxetine treatment could lead to increased expression of BDNF and 5-HT in the raphe nucleus of rapid ejaculators.Moreover,the two interventions,when applied together,may further upregulate the expression of BDNF-5-HT duo in a complementary manner.This study highlights the positive effects of aerobic exercise on ejaculation control.Regular aerobic exercise might be a promising complementary treatment to dapoxetine in rats.

Low-intensity aerobic exercise training attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a rat model of steroid-resistant asthma

Background Aerobic exercise can improve symptoms,reduce airway inflammation,and even ameliorate airway remodeling in asthmatic animals and patients.However,previous studies have focused mainly on the effect of aerobic exercise on steroid-sensitive asthma （SSA）.The goals of this study were to determine the effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise training on airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,and remodeling in a rat model of steroid-resistant asthma （SRA） and to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.Methods Endotoxin-free ovalbumin with or without lipopolysaccharide were applied to establish rat models of SRA and SSA,respectively.Airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,remodeling,expression of interleukin （IL）-25,IL-33,thymic stromal lymphopoietin （TSLP）,high mobility group box-1 （HMGB1）,and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）,and the role of dexamethasone （DXM） were compared between these two asthmatic rat models.The effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise training and anti-HMGB1 treatment on airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,and remodeling in SRA rats also was evaluated.Results SRA rats developed neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation （（29.5±4.1）％ of the total cell numbers in BALF）,whereas SSA rats developed eosinophil-dominated airway inflammation （（24.0±6.1）％ of the total cell numbers in BALF）.Compared with SSA rats,SRA rats had more severe airway hyperresponsiveness,lower levels of IL-25 （（33.6±10.3） vs.（104.8±24.9） pg/ml）,IL-33 （（87.5±25.0） vs.（226.6±40.7） pg/ml）,and TSLP （（1 933.2±899.5） vs.（7 224.0±992.1） pg/ml）,and higher levels of HMGB1 （（21.2±4.5） vs.（5.4±1.6） ng/ml） and IL-17 （（780.5±261.7） vs.（291.4±76.4） pg/ml） in BALF （all P ＜0.05）.However,there was no significant difference in goblet cell hyperplasia,subepithelial collagen thickness,and airway smooth muscle remodeling between the two groups.Compared with control SSA rats,airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,and remodeling in SRA rats were less sensitive to DXM treatment.Anti-HMGB1 treatment attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,and remodeling in SRA rats to a certain extent and was accompanied by lower levels of IL-17 （（369.2±126.7） vs.（780.5±261.7） pg/ml in control SRA rats） in BALF （P ＜0.05）.Low-intensity aerobic exercise training decreased the expression of both HMGB1 （（14.1±2.9） vs.（21.2±4.5） ng/ml in control SRA rats） and IL-17 （（545.3±148.6） vs.（780.5±261.7） pg/ml in control SRA rats） in BALF （all P ＜0.05） and was accompanied by improved airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,and remodeling in SRA rats （all P ＜0.05）.Conclusions Low-intensity aerobic exercise training attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness,inflammation,and remodeling in a rat model of SPA.Decreased HMGB1 and IL-17 levels in BALF by aerobic exercise training at least partly contributed to the improvements of SPA.

Aerobic exercise suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating dynamin-related protein 1 through PI3K/AKT pathway

Objective: Exercise, as a common non-drug intervention, is one of several lifestyle choices known to reduce the risk of cancer. Mitochondrial division has been reported to play a key role in the occurrence and transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). This study investigated whether exercise could regulate the occurrence and development of HCC through mitosis.Methods: Bioinformatics technology was used to analyze the expression level of dynamin-related protein1(DRP1), a key protein of mitochondrial division. The effects of DRP1 and DRP1 inhibitor(mdivi-1) on the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells BEL-7402 were observed using cell counting kit-8, plate colony formation, transwell cell migration, and scratch experiments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of DRP1 and its downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(AKT) pathway. A treadmill exercise intervention was tested in a nude mouse human liver cancer subcutaneous tumor model expressing different levels of DRP1. The size and weight of subcutaneous tumors in mice were detected before and after exercise.Results: The expression of DRP1 in liver cancer tissues was significantly upregulated compared with normal liver tissues(P<0.001). The proliferation rate and the migration of BEL-7402 cells in the DRP1 overexpression group were higher than that in the control group. The mdivi-1 group showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of BEL-7402 cells at 50 lmol/L. Aerobic exercise was able to inhibit the expression of DRP1 and decrease the size and weight of subcutaneous tumors. Moreover,the expression of phosphorylated PI3 K(p-PI3 K) and phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT) decreased in the exercise group. However, exercise could not change p-PI3 K and p-AKT levels after knocking down DRP1 or using mdivi-1 on subcutaneous tumor.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can suppress the development of tumors partially by regulating DRP1 through PI3 K/AKT pathway.

Effects of traditional Chinese exercises and general aerobic exercises on older adults with sleep disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Sleep disorders are common in older adults and have a negative influence on their physical and mental health.General aerobic exercises(GAEs)have long been used in the treatment of sleep disorders as a non-pharmacological measure.However,there is no consensus on the efficacy of traditional Chinese exercises(TCEs)for treating sleep disorders in older adults and the difference between TCEs and GAEs.Objective:This study assessed the effects of TCEs and GAEs on the sleep quality of older adults and the differences between these two interventions.Search strategy:Pub Med,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China Biology Medicine disc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,China Science Journal Database and Wanfang Data were searched from their inception to August 2020.Inclusion criteria:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that evaluated the effects of TCEs and GAEs on older adults with sleep disorders were included.Data extraction and analysis:Data were extracted by two researchers working independently.The risk bias of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.1.0 and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation,Assessment,Development and Evaluation approach.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)was used to estimate sleep quality.Meta-analyses were performed to assess the total PSQI score of the exercise intervention as the primary outcome,and the scores of subjective sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep duration,habitual sleep efficiency,sleep disturbance,use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction were assessed as secondary outcomes.Subgroup,sensitivity,and meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess the contribution of covariables to heterogeneity.Results:A total of 22 RCTs(including 1747 participants)were included in the meta-analysis.The results indicated that TCEs(weighted mean difference[WMD]=-2.14,95%confidence interval[CI][-2.82,-1.46],P<0.001;heterogeneity:P<0.001,I2=82%;15 studies,n=1063)and GAEs(WMD=-2.88,95%CI[-5.22,-0.55],P<0.001;heterogeneity:P<0.001,I2=98%;5 studies,n=500)significantly improved total sleep quality,having favorable effects on subjective sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep duration,habitual sleep efficiency,sleep disturbance,use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction.Subgroup analysis showed that TCEs demonstrated superiority after 12 weeks(WMD=-2.77,95%CI[-4.26,-1.28],P<0.001;heterogeneity:P<0.001,I2=85%;5 studies,n=420)and Qigong had a greater intervention effect for improving the sleep quality of older adults than Tai Chi(WMD=-3.37,95%CI[-4.38,-2.35],P<0.001;heterogeneity:P=0.04,I2=63%;4 studies,n=321).Meta-regression revealed that the year of publication,sample size,mean age of participants,and percentage of females in the primary studies did not account for the overall heterogeneity.Conclusion:Current evidence shows that both TCEs and GAEs,as complementary and non-pharmacological approaches,help to improve the sleep quality in older adults with potentially clinical implications;however,there was not enough evidence to conclude the difference between them.More rigorous and highquality RCTs are needed to arrive at reliable conclusions.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Atherosclerotic Risk in Postmenopausal Women

Introduction To study the effects of aerobic exercise on lipid metabolism,endothelial function,and oxidative stress reaction in postmenopausal women,in order to prevent and control atherosclerosis.Methods Thirty-two women with natural menopause were randomly divided into an exercise group and a control group.Participants in the exercise group(n=16)took part in a 3-month aerobic training program according to their exercise pre-scription,while participants in the control group(n=16)maintained their usual lifestyles.Lipids,endothelial function,and oxidative stress-related indicators were measured before and after the intervention.Results After 3 months of aerobic training at an intensity of 50-60%of cardiorespiratory fitness,serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly(P<0.05),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly(P<0.01).A significant reduction in endothelin(P<0.01)and a significant increase in nitric oxide(P<0.05)were also observed.The training intervention also delayed the increase in homocysteine and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 in postmenopausal women.Conclusions Aerobic exercise had a positive effect on blood lipids,endothelial function,and oxidative stress of postmeno-pausal women,and these changes may mitigate the risk of atherosclerosis occurrence.Similar exercise programs could be used as a primary atherosclerosis prevention strategy for postmenopausal women.

Psychophysiological effects of rhythmic music combined with aerobic exercise in college students with minimal depressive symptoms

Mental health problems are common during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood.Previous studies reported that rhythmic music plus aerobic exercise can have a beneficial effect on emotional state.We examined whether the beneficial effect differed between aerobic exercise interventions with or without rhythmic music.A sample of 94 college students who either had no depressive symptoms(n=47)or minimal depressive symptoms(n=47)underwent 30-min interventions in a randomized and counterbalanced order:rest,rhythmic music,aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise plus rhythmic music.Response time and accuracy of selective attention to positive and negative images were recorded using the spatial cueing paradigm.Participants’heart rate during all conditions and perceived exertion after each condition were measured to clarify physiological and perceptual responses,respectively.The results revealed that a multimodal intervention combining aerobic exercise and rhythmic music had a significant facilitatory effect on attentional bias to positive emotional cues in minimal depressive participants(t=-2.336,p=0.024),including less perceived exertion and higher heart rate after/during the intervention process.The single-modality intervention of aerobic exercise had significant positive effects for individuals with no depressive symptoms(t=2.510,p=0.016).The multimodal intervention was more effective than the single-modality intervention for individuals with minimal depressive symptoms,but the single-modality aerobic exercise intervention was more effective for individuals with no depressive symptoms,providing new evidence for the specificity of the intervention effect for people with different degrees of depressive symptoms.

The Effects of the Aerobics Exercise Program on the Cardiopulmoner Capacity and Disease Symptoms of the Patients with Primary Fibromialgia Syndrome

Backgrounds: To observe the effects of aerobic exercise program on the illness symptoms and cardiopulmonary capacity of the patients with primary Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) and to find out whether there is a difference or not in terms of cardiovascular capacity among the patients with primary FMS and sedentary healthy people. Materials and Methods: The study has been done on 20 female patients with primary FMS. Before the study and after a 6-week controlled aerobic exercise program, a cardiopulmonary exercise test has been applied on all cases. The symptoms, psychological state and life quality of the cases have been evaluated before and after the exercise program. The first cardiopulmonary results of the cases with FMS have been compared with a control group of 15 sedentary healthy. Results: When the patient and control groups are compared, although maksimal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was lower in the patient group, this was not a significant difference. VO2 max showing the aerobic condition after the exercise increased significantly in the patients. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise programs lasting six to eight weeks are quite effective for the patients with FMS. There is not any limitation in the increase of the cardiopulmonary capacity of the patients after the exercise program.

Meta-analysis of the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on cardiopulmonary function rehabilitation in patients with stroke

Objective:Systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIT)on cardiovascular function in stroke patients,in order to provide a basis for selecting the best rehabilitation plan for stroke patients.Methods:Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,EMbase,Web of science,The Cochrane Library databases was conducted from the establishment of the database until March 2023.Randomized controlled trials on HIIT improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients were included,and the included literature was screened,data extracted,and bias risk evaluated.Then,metaanalysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata17.0 software.Results:In the end,9 articles met the research criteria,with a total of 428 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,HIIT had significant effects on peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)[MD=3.87,95%CI(3.43,4.31),P<0.00001],minute ventilation(VE)[MD=7.14,95%CI(4.34,9.94),P<0.00001],peak power(WRpeak)[MD=17.13,95%CI(13.7320.54),P<0.00001],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)[MD=43.82,95%CI(16.08,71.56),P=0.002],The intervention effect of the 10 meter walking test(10MWT)[MD=-2.00,95%CI(-2.91,-1.08),P<0.0001]was better than that of the control group.Conclusion:The current analysis results show that compared to conventional rehabilitation therapy or continuous aerobic exercise,HIIT has more advantages in improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients.

Research and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Training Programs

In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program is of great significance. This study first analyzes the theoretical basis of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, including the effects of aerobic exercise, interval training, and strength training on cardiopulmonary function. Based on this, a comprehensive rehabilitation training program is designed, which includes personalized training plans, comprehensive interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and regular follow-up visits. The cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training plan developed in this study has certain scientific practicability, which provides a theoretical basis for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and also provides a reference for medical institutions, rehabilitation centers and communities, which is helpful for promotion and application to a wider range of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.