This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was cali...This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data on ten storms. The data on eight storms in 2002 were used for calibration while data on two storms were used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0.99 and 0.98 for runoff, 0.94 and 0.95 for the peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0.76 for the sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak runoff rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivity and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the control countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.[Method] The current situation of water quality of Poyang Lake was analyzed first...[Objective] The aim was to study the control countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.[Method] The current situation of water quality of Poyang Lake was analyzed firstly,then the causes of agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake were studied,finally corresponding control countermeasures were put forward.[Result] Agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake was mainly related to the rapid development of pearl industry and livestock industry,aggravated soil erosion and excessive utilization of fertilizer.Based on analysis of current environmental situation and bearing capability of resources in Poyang Lake basin,agricultural non-point source pollution would be controlled through the reduction of external source pollution load,restoration of river wetland and construction of aquatic ecosystem.After the primary implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution control project,the amount of agricultural non-point source pollution in demonstration plot was reduced,and the quality of effluent met the first Class (Class A) of state Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Meanwhile,biodiversity index in river wetland increased by about 30%,so the pollution load entering Poyang Lake was decreased.[Conclusion] The study could provide technology integration and demonstration for the environmental remediation in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.展开更多
In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 20...In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017.On this basis,spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model.The results indicate that:1)The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference,with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region.2)Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity,and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually.3)In the convergence analysis,a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity,with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4)The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment,labor-force quality,and crop production ratio,while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region.However,agricultural research and development(R&D)investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity.Meanwhile,improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas,while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions.This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.展开更多
According to China’s second national survey of pollution sources, the contribution of agricultural non-point sources(ANS) to water pollution is still high. Risk prevention and control are the main means to control co...According to China’s second national survey of pollution sources, the contribution of agricultural non-point sources(ANS) to water pollution is still high. Risk prevention and control are the main means to control costs and improve the efficiency of ANS, but most studies directly take pollution load as the risk standard, leading to a considerable misjudgment of the actual pollution risk. To objectively reflect the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP) in Chongqing, China, we investigated the influences of initial source input, intermediate transformation, and terminal absorption of pollutants via literature research and the Delphi method and built a PTA(pressure kinetic energy, transformation kinetic energy, and absorption kinetic energy) model that covers 12 factors, with the support of geographical information system(GIS) technology. The terrain factor calculation results and the calculation results of other factors were optimized by Python tools to reduce human error and workload. Via centroid migration analysis and Kernel density analysis, the risk level, spatial aggregation degree, and key prevention and control regions could be accurately determined. There was a positive correlation between the water quality of the rivers in Chongqing and the risk assessment results of different periods, indirectly reflecting the reliability of the assessment results by the proposed model. There was an obvious tendency for the low-risk regions transforming into high-risk regions. The proportion of high-risk regions and extremely high-risk regions increased from 17.82% and 16.63%in 2000 to 18.10% and 16.76% in 2015, respectively. And the risk level in the main urban areas was significantly higher than that in the southeastern and northeastern areas of Chongqing. The centroids of all grades of risky areas presented a successive distribution from west to east, and the centroids of high-risk and extremely high-risk regions shifted eastward. From 2000 to 2015, the centroids of highrisk and extremely high-risk regions moved 4.63 km(1.68°) and 4.48 km(12.08°) east by north, respectively. The kernel density analysis results showed that the high-risk regions were mainly concentrated in the main urban areas and that the distribution of agglomeration areas overall displayed a transition trend from contiguous distribution to decentralized concentration. The risk levels of the regions with a high proportion of cultivated land and artificial surface were significantly increased, and the occupation of cultivated land in the process of urbanization promoted the movement of the centroids of high-risk and extremely high-risk regions. The identification of key areas for risk prevention and control provides data scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes ...[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes of precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Uangping during a year were analyzed firstly, and then the risk of surface runoff caused by rainfall to agricultural non-point source pollution was studied, finally chan- ging trends of annual average precipitation and frequency during 1955 -2011 were discussed using Mann-Kendal method. [ Result] Total precipitati- on of heavy rain in Liangping mainly concentrated from late May to early September, especially in eady and middle July as well as early September. Meanwhile, fertilizer and pesticide were applied to main crops in Liangping in the periods above, so agricultural non-point source pollution became more serious. In recent 57 years, annual average precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Liangping showed an increasing trend respectively, and surface runoff rose with the increase of the precipitation, thereby probably enlarging agricultural pollution area. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.展开更多
On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discha...On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discharge coefficient, livestock and poultry excretion coefficient, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer loss rate in the first national pollution source survey, this paper tried to explore current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and provide scientific support for the pollution control. The results showed that in the drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng lake in 2013, contribution rate of pollution sources to the water pollution in the Hongfeng Lake followed the sequence "livestock and poultry breeding > rural life > farmland fertilizer". Among all agricultural non-point source pollutants, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants were major pollution sources, with a contribution rate to CODCr, TP and NH3-N in water above 50%; rural domestic pollutants were also important pollution sources, its contribution rate to CODCr and NH3-N was 43.49% and 46.69%, respectively; contribution rate of farmland fertilizer pollutants to TN and TP was 33.76% and 27.71%, respectively, higher than that of rural domestic pollutants(25.87% and 6.75%). Therefore, the control of non-point source pollution within the drinking water conservation area should be enhanced, so as to control the pollution from the source.展开更多
Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultu...Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.展开更多
Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and a...Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.展开更多
Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source poll...Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.展开更多
Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, J...Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.展开更多
Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures ...Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were summarized to provide theoretical and technical support for the thorough improvement of present situation of water pollution in the basin.展开更多
Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence o...Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.展开更多
Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, we use the JOHNES export coefficient model to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load of agricultural planting, livestock and poultry breeding and rural ...Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, we use the JOHNES export coefficient model to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load of agricultural planting, livestock and poultry breeding and rural living non-point source in 2009. Based on the protection cost method in environmental economics, we quantitatively assess the economic loss caused by these three types of non-point source nutrient loss. The results show that in TN non-point source load, the load of land for planting accounts for 57.48%, the load of rural living accounts for 30.22%, and the load of livestock and poultry breeding accounts for 12.30%; in TP non-point source load, the load of rural living accounts for 46.18%, the load of livestock and poultry breeding accounts for 29.00%, and the load of land for planting accounts for 24.82%. The economic loss arising from the agricultural non-point source nutrient loss is equivalent to 2.329 424 7 billion yuan per year (the loss from land for planting accounts for 55.46%; the loss from rural living accounts for 31.21%; the loss from livestock and poultry breeding accounts for 13.33%). It indicates that in order to reduce the loss arising from agricultural non-point source nutrient loss, we should pay attention to controlling the land for planting and rural living source.展开更多
With the rapid development of modern agriculture,agricultural non-point source pollution becomes increasingly serious in China,improving farmers' environmental protection consciousness plays a very important role ...With the rapid development of modern agriculture,agricultural non-point source pollution becomes increasingly serious in China,improving farmers' environmental protection consciousness plays a very important role in the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution,and the WTP of Farmers for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution strongly reflects the strength of their environmental protection consciousness. Therefore,this investigation and study choose rural areas of five counties from Chongqing city and Zhejiang province as our sample,respectively make interview survey with the WTP(money or voluntary work) of farmers for improving local water and soil quality. Based on the statistical analysis of survey data,this study also takes empirical test and analysis with the influence factors on the WTP of farmers for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. The analysis and conclusions of this research provides the supports in theory and practice for optimizing farmers' behavior,promoting the management of agricultural non-point source pollution and implementing new rural construction goal.展开更多
Based on the relevant statistics on the agricultural non-point source pollution in Binzhou City,we studied the spatio-temporal variation in agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution and phosphorus pollution in ...Based on the relevant statistics on the agricultural non-point source pollution in Binzhou City,we studied the spatio-temporal variation in agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution and phosphorus pollution in Binzhou City during 2008-2015. The results showed that the agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution and phosphorus pollution in Binzhou City changed from 114400 t and 28800 t in 2008 to110600 t and 24400 t in 2015,respectively; for the non-point source nitrogen pollution sources,the proportion of chemical fertilizer,manure and domestic sewage changed from 80. 41%,10. 47% and 9. 13% in 2008 to 82. 94%,4. 77% and 12. 29% in 2015,respectively; for the non-point source phosphorus pollution sources,the proportion of chemical fertilizer,manure and domestic sewage changed from 89. 29%,8. 32% and 2. 39% in 2008 to 91. 6%,4. 78% and 3. 62% in 2015,respectively; in 2015,the non-point source nitrogen pollution was most serious in Wudi County and Huimin County and least serious in Zhanhua County; the non-point source phosphorus pollution was most serious in Zouping County and least serious in Wudi County.展开更多
The SWAT model was applied to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution patterns of non-point source pollution loads and the difference of pollution loads of different land use types in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basi...The SWAT model was applied to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution patterns of non-point source pollution loads and the difference of pollution loads of different land use types in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basin. The results showed that both yearly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads were evenly distributed during 1973 to 1979,the annual TN pollution from non-point source was 1530 t,or 6. 3 kg / ha,and the annual TP pollution from non-point source was 270 t,or 1. 1 kg / ha during 1973 to 1979 in the watershed. Considerable differences were identified on both monthly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads. The TN and TP pollution loads during the flood season( from April to September) accounted for 76. 2% and 75. 8% of the annual load respectively. There were great differences in both TN and TP pollution loads of different land use types in the study area,and the pollution load of both farmland and orchard was higher than that of the other land use types. TN and TP pollution loads of farmland accounted for 66% and 83% of total watershed. There was a great spatial difference in the nonpoint source pollution load of the study area. The critical source areas of non-point source pollution are mainly located at Guanqiao Town,Longmen Town,Changkeng Town,Shangqing Town and Dapu Town,where the efforts of controlling pollution should be made.展开更多
An artificial aquatic food web (AAFW) system was designed to remove the non-point source pollutants in eutrophic Jiyu river. A certain amount of Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia pulex was cultured in the system for th...An artificial aquatic food web (AAFW) system was designed to remove the non-point source pollutants in eutrophic Jiyu river. A certain amount of Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia pulex was cultured in the system for the control of serious cyanobacterial bloom. The AAFW system was a continuous-flow system including one storage basin of 3 m<sup>3</sup> capacity with polluted river water (the total nitrogen-TN: 4.49 mg⋅l<sup>-1</sup><sup></sup>;the total phosphorus-TP: 0.192 mg⋅l-1</sup></sup><sup></sup>), one phytoplankton tank of 3 m<sup>3</sup> capacity with an initial concentrations of S. obliquus about 5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> ind⋅l-1</sup><sup></sup>, and one zooplankton growth chamber of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup> capacity with an initial abundance of D. pulex about 22.5 ind⋅l-1</sup></sup>. The system was optimized by setting hydraulic retention time of phytoplankton tank as 5 days and the experiments were operated for 45 days. Compared with the polluted river, TN and TP were removed about 28% and 47% by the AAFW system, respectively. The biomass of phytoplankton decrease from 6.33 mg⋅l-1<sup></sup> to 1.48 mg⋅l-1</sup><sup></sup> and the percentage of cyanobacteria decrease from 43.93% to 2.36%, the biomass of Crustacean zooplankton increase from 0.34 mg⋅l-1</sup></sup><sup></sup> to 1.53 mg⋅l-1</sup></sup><sup></sup> and the percentage of D. pulex increase from 19.19% to 57.62%. Our results indicated that the AAFW system not only is an efficient, flexible system for reducing nutrient levels in tributary rivers, but also has an ability to control the cyanobacteria bloom and rebuilding the aquatic ecosystem from the polluted river water.展开更多
The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has bec...The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.展开更多
This paper presents the study carried out for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution(NSP)in a medium-sized watershed covering 1.47×10^(4) km^(2) in Southeast China using quantitative analysis coupled...This paper presents the study carried out for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution(NSP)in a medium-sized watershed covering 1.47×10^(4) km^(2) in Southeast China using quantitative analysis coupled with geographic information system(GIS),universal soil loss equation(USLE),soil conservation service-curve number(SCS-CN),nutrient loss equations,and annualized agricultural nonpoint source model(AnnAGNPS).Based on the quantitative results derived from GIS and environmental models,five control division units were generated for NSP control in Jiulong River watershed,namely,controlling unit for soil losses,controlling unit for livestock breeding and soil losses,controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and livestock breeding,controlling unit for soil losses and fertilizer use,and controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and soil losses.This study proved that integrating GIS with environmental models can be adopted to efficiently evaluate major sources and contributors of NSP,and identify the critical source areas of NSP,which enables adjusting measures to local conditions by further control division units developed through such study for control and management of water quality degradation induced by NSP in the Jiulong River watershed.展开更多
文摘This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data on ten storms. The data on eight storms in 2002 were used for calibration while data on two storms were used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0.99 and 0.98 for runoff, 0.94 and 0.95 for the peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0.76 for the sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak runoff rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivity and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.
基金Supported by Horizontal Subject Project of Jiujiang University(2011019)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the control countermeasures of agricultural non-point source pollution in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.[Method] The current situation of water quality of Poyang Lake was analyzed firstly,then the causes of agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake were studied,finally corresponding control countermeasures were put forward.[Result] Agricultural non-point source pollution in Duchang section of Poyang Lake was mainly related to the rapid development of pearl industry and livestock industry,aggravated soil erosion and excessive utilization of fertilizer.Based on analysis of current environmental situation and bearing capability of resources in Poyang Lake basin,agricultural non-point source pollution would be controlled through the reduction of external source pollution load,restoration of river wetland and construction of aquatic ecosystem.After the primary implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution control project,the amount of agricultural non-point source pollution in demonstration plot was reduced,and the quality of effluent met the first Class (Class A) of state Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (GB18918-2002).Meanwhile,biodiversity index in river wetland increased by about 30%,so the pollution load entering Poyang Lake was decreased.[Conclusion] The study could provide technology integration and demonstration for the environmental remediation in lakeside belt of Poyang Lake.
基金Under the auspices of Key Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(No.16ASH007)。
文摘In this study,an inventory analysis approach was used to investigate the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP)and its spatial convergence at national and provincial levels in China from 1999 to 2017.On this basis,spatial factors affecting ANSP were explored by constructing a spatial econometric model.The results indicate that:1)The intensity of China's ANSP emission showed an overall upward trend and an obvious spatial difference,with the values being high in the eastern and central regions and relatively low in the western region.2)Significant spatial agglomeration was shown in China's ANSP intensity,and the agglomeration effect was increasing gradually.3)In the convergence analysis,a spatial lag model was found applicable for interpretation of the ANSP intensity,with the convergence rate being accelerated after considering the spatial factors but slower than that of regional economic growth.4)The spatial factors affecting the ANSP intensity are shown to be reduced by improving agricultural infrastructure investment,labor-force quality,and crop production ratio,while the expansion of agricultural economy scale and precipitation and runoff have positive impact on ANSP in the study region.However,agricultural research and development(R&D)investment showed no direct significant effect on the ANSP intensity.Meanwhile,improving the quality of the labor force would significantly reduce the ANSP intensity in the surrounding areas,while the precipitation and runoff would significantly increase the pollution of neighboring regions.This research has laid a theoretical basis for formulation and optimization of ANSP prevention strategies in China and related regions.
基金Under the auspices of the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(No.cstc2018jxjl20012,cstc2018jszx-zdyfxm X0021,cstc2019jscx-gksb X0103)。
文摘According to China’s second national survey of pollution sources, the contribution of agricultural non-point sources(ANS) to water pollution is still high. Risk prevention and control are the main means to control costs and improve the efficiency of ANS, but most studies directly take pollution load as the risk standard, leading to a considerable misjudgment of the actual pollution risk. To objectively reflect the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution(ANSP) in Chongqing, China, we investigated the influences of initial source input, intermediate transformation, and terminal absorption of pollutants via literature research and the Delphi method and built a PTA(pressure kinetic energy, transformation kinetic energy, and absorption kinetic energy) model that covers 12 factors, with the support of geographical information system(GIS) technology. The terrain factor calculation results and the calculation results of other factors were optimized by Python tools to reduce human error and workload. Via centroid migration analysis and Kernel density analysis, the risk level, spatial aggregation degree, and key prevention and control regions could be accurately determined. There was a positive correlation between the water quality of the rivers in Chongqing and the risk assessment results of different periods, indirectly reflecting the reliability of the assessment results by the proposed model. There was an obvious tendency for the low-risk regions transforming into high-risk regions. The proportion of high-risk regions and extremely high-risk regions increased from 17.82% and 16.63%in 2000 to 18.10% and 16.76% in 2015, respectively. And the risk level in the main urban areas was significantly higher than that in the southeastern and northeastern areas of Chongqing. The centroids of all grades of risky areas presented a successive distribution from west to east, and the centroids of high-risk and extremely high-risk regions shifted eastward. From 2000 to 2015, the centroids of highrisk and extremely high-risk regions moved 4.63 km(1.68°) and 4.48 km(12.08°) east by north, respectively. The kernel density analysis results showed that the high-risk regions were mainly concentrated in the main urban areas and that the distribution of agglomeration areas overall displayed a transition trend from contiguous distribution to decentralized concentration. The risk levels of the regions with a high proportion of cultivated land and artificial surface were significantly increased, and the occupation of cultivated land in the process of urbanization promoted the movement of the centroids of high-risk and extremely high-risk regions. The identification of key areas for risk prevention and control provides data scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies.
基金the Innovative and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates in China in 2013(201310643003)Innovative and Entrepreneurship Training Program for Undergraduates in Chongqing in 2012(201210643009)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Research Project of Education of Chongqing(KJ091106)Project for Young Scholars of Chongqing Three Gorges University(11QN-22)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the impact of rainfall change on agricultural non-point source pollution in Uangping County. E Method ] Based on daily precipitation data of Liangping from 1955 to 2011, changes of precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Uangping during a year were analyzed firstly, and then the risk of surface runoff caused by rainfall to agricultural non-point source pollution was studied, finally chan- ging trends of annual average precipitation and frequency during 1955 -2011 were discussed using Mann-Kendal method. [ Result] Total precipitati- on of heavy rain in Liangping mainly concentrated from late May to early September, especially in eady and middle July as well as early September. Meanwhile, fertilizer and pesticide were applied to main crops in Liangping in the periods above, so agricultural non-point source pollution became more serious. In recent 57 years, annual average precipitation and frequency of heavy rain in Liangping showed an increasing trend respectively, and surface runoff rose with the increase of the precipitation, thereby probably enlarging agricultural pollution area. [ Conclusion] The research could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.
基金Sponsored by Significant Scientific and Technological Program of Guizhou Province([2015]2001)
文摘On the basis of investigating rural population, land types, livestock and poultry breeding scale in drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng Lake in Guiyang City, as well as the urban domestic pol utant discharge coefficient, livestock and poultry excretion coefficient, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer loss rate in the first national pollution source survey, this paper tried to explore current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution, and provide scientific support for the pollution control. The results showed that in the drinking water conservation area of the Hongfeng lake in 2013, contribution rate of pollution sources to the water pollution in the Hongfeng Lake followed the sequence "livestock and poultry breeding > rural life > farmland fertilizer". Among all agricultural non-point source pollutants, livestock and poultry breeding pollutants were major pollution sources, with a contribution rate to CODCr, TP and NH3-N in water above 50%; rural domestic pollutants were also important pollution sources, its contribution rate to CODCr and NH3-N was 43.49% and 46.69%, respectively; contribution rate of farmland fertilizer pollutants to TN and TP was 33.76% and 27.71%, respectively, higher than that of rural domestic pollutants(25.87% and 6.75%). Therefore, the control of non-point source pollution within the drinking water conservation area should be enhanced, so as to control the pollution from the source.
基金supported by the National Social Sciences Foundation of China(14CJY046)Circular Economics Research Center of Sichuan Province(14SD0105)
文摘Chinese society in rural areas is typically a geographically and genetically related society.Scattered farmers can be connected to form small groups through their social capital,which can affect farmers' agricultural activities in the process of controlling agricultural Non-point Source pollution.An ordered Logit model can be built to analyze the effects of social capital to farmers' responsive willingness to different measurements of controlling agricultural NPS pollution by using survey data in Shaanxi Province.This paper characterizes farmers' social capital in three dimensions:social trust,social participation and social network.The results indicated that farmers' social capital significantly affects farmers' response to different policies.When governments construct and implement policies to control agricultural NPS pollution,the effects of social capital need to be considered at same time with the effects of governmental supervision,market and education measurements.
基金Supported by Research on the Comprehensive Control Measures of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin Funded by Kunming Agricultural Bureau(2016JC01)Project of Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Urban Characteristic Agriculture(TSNY0201)+7 种基金Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Department of Education(2014Y390)Application Base Research Project for Young Scholars of Yunnan Province(2013FD040)Talent Introduction Project of Kunming University(YJL14005)Talent Introduction Foundation of Kunming University(YJL12010)Key Foundation of Kunming University(XJL12020)Scientific Research Project for Undergraduates of Kunming University(XJD16081)Research on the Ecology and Rational Distribution of Main Cultivars in Producing Areas of Raw Materials of China Tobacco in Yunnan ProvinceProject of Construction of the Dominant Key Subject(Ecology)in Universities and Colleges in Yunnan Province(05000511311)
文摘Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.
基金Supported by State Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology"Soil Passivation-Physiological Barrier-Enrichment and Removal Technology in Paddy Field with Mild Cadmium Contamination"(2016YED0800705-01)Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi"Research and Demonstration of Remediation Technology in Cadmium and Lead Polluted Paddy Field"(Gui Ke AB16380084)+2 种基金Key Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Guangxi"Integration,Research and Development of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention Technology for Paddy Field"(201528)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program Project of Nanning City"Research and Demonstration of Integrated Ecological Restoration Technology for Heavy Metal Cadmium Polluted Paddy Field in Nanning"(20162105)Scientific and Technological Service Ability and Party Informationization Construction of Ecological Comprehensive Demonstration Village in Jianning No.1 Team of Xixiangtang District of Nanning(20152054-13)
文摘Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.
文摘Taihu Lake is located at the center of Changjiang delta region, the Lake and its effluent rivers are important water sources for 40 million around inhabitants and rapidly increasing industrial factories in Shanghai, Ji-angsu and Zhejiang. The pollutants originate mainly from acidy rain, home sewage of the vast number of inhabitants, livestock manure, agricultural fertilizers & pesticides applied over fields in the drainage basin, and the industrial sewage. Due to the kinds of pollutants, the Lake water is getting highly eutrophic, with frequent blooms of blue-green algae. Compared with point-source pollutants, diffuse pollution is much com-plicated and difficult to control. Thus combating non-point pollution (NPP) is paid much great attention. Based on analysis on source-sink of NPP in Taihu Lake basin, it is concluded that the function of forests on NPP control is multiple and important by both source reduction and sink expansion. The primary objective of planting trees through constructing forested wetlands and establishing riparian forest buffers is to control soil & water erosion, decrease agrochemicals application, and improve farming conditions in the region of Taihu Lake basin. Moreover forests help to intercept acidy rain, protect streambanks, uptake nutrients, hold up pollutants and provide habitat for wildlife.
基金Supported by Research on the Comprehensive Control Measures of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin Funded by Kunming Agricultural Bureau(2016JC01)Project of Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Urban Characteristic Agriculture(TSNY0201)+4 种基金Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Department of Education(2014Y390)Application Base Research Project for Young Scholars of Yunnan Province(2013FD040)Talent Introduction Project of Kunming University(YJL14005),Talent Introduction Foundation of Kunming University(YJL12010),Key Foundation of Kunming University(XJL12020),Scientific Research Project for Undergraduates of Kunming University(XJD16081)Research on the Ecology and Rational Distribution of Main Cultivars in Producing Areas of Raw Materials of China Tobacco in Yunnan ProvinceProject of Construction of the Dominant Key Subject(Ecology)in Universities and Colleges in Yunnan Province(05000511311)
文摘Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were summarized to provide theoretical and technical support for the thorough improvement of present situation of water pollution in the basin.
基金Supported by Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Institutions of Higher Education(WEPKL2013MS-10)Chongqing Municipal Innovation Planning Project for University Students in 2013(201310643003)
文摘Through a series of exploration based on PSR framework model,for the purpose of building a suitable Chongqing agricultural nonpoint source pollution evaluation index system model framework,combined with the presence of Chongqing specific agro-environmental issues,we build a agricultural non-point source pollution assessment index system,and then study the agricultural system pressure,agro-environmental status and human response in total 3 major categories,develope an agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation index consisting of 3 criteria indicators and 19 indicators. As can be seen from the analysis,pressures and responses tend to increase and decrease linearly,state and complex have large fluctuations,and their fluctuations are similar mainly due to the elimination of pressures and impact,increasing the impact for agricultural non-point source pollution.
基金Supported by 211 Double Support Plan Project of Sichuan Agricultural University (2009-3-27)
文摘Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, we use the JOHNES export coefficient model to estimate the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load of agricultural planting, livestock and poultry breeding and rural living non-point source in 2009. Based on the protection cost method in environmental economics, we quantitatively assess the economic loss caused by these three types of non-point source nutrient loss. The results show that in TN non-point source load, the load of land for planting accounts for 57.48%, the load of rural living accounts for 30.22%, and the load of livestock and poultry breeding accounts for 12.30%; in TP non-point source load, the load of rural living accounts for 46.18%, the load of livestock and poultry breeding accounts for 29.00%, and the load of land for planting accounts for 24.82%. The economic loss arising from the agricultural non-point source nutrient loss is equivalent to 2.329 424 7 billion yuan per year (the loss from land for planting accounts for 55.46%; the loss from rural living accounts for 31.21%; the loss from livestock and poultry breeding accounts for 13.33%). It indicates that in order to reduce the loss arising from agricultural non-point source nutrient loss, we should pay attention to controlling the land for planting and rural living source.
基金Supported by Key Research Project of Humanities and Social Sciences in Chongqing
文摘With the rapid development of modern agriculture,agricultural non-point source pollution becomes increasingly serious in China,improving farmers' environmental protection consciousness plays a very important role in the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution,and the WTP of Farmers for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution strongly reflects the strength of their environmental protection consciousness. Therefore,this investigation and study choose rural areas of five counties from Chongqing city and Zhejiang province as our sample,respectively make interview survey with the WTP(money or voluntary work) of farmers for improving local water and soil quality. Based on the statistical analysis of survey data,this study also takes empirical test and analysis with the influence factors on the WTP of farmers for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. The analysis and conclusions of this research provides the supports in theory and practice for optimizing farmers' behavior,promoting the management of agricultural non-point source pollution and implementing new rural construction goal.
基金Supported by National College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(201610449062)Research Fund Project of Binzhou University(BZXYG1308)
文摘Based on the relevant statistics on the agricultural non-point source pollution in Binzhou City,we studied the spatio-temporal variation in agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution and phosphorus pollution in Binzhou City during 2008-2015. The results showed that the agricultural non-point source nitrogen pollution and phosphorus pollution in Binzhou City changed from 114400 t and 28800 t in 2008 to110600 t and 24400 t in 2015,respectively; for the non-point source nitrogen pollution sources,the proportion of chemical fertilizer,manure and domestic sewage changed from 80. 41%,10. 47% and 9. 13% in 2008 to 82. 94%,4. 77% and 12. 29% in 2015,respectively; for the non-point source phosphorus pollution sources,the proportion of chemical fertilizer,manure and domestic sewage changed from 89. 29%,8. 32% and 2. 39% in 2008 to 91. 6%,4. 78% and 3. 62% in 2015,respectively; in 2015,the non-point source nitrogen pollution was most serious in Wudi County and Huimin County and least serious in Zhanhua County; the non-point source phosphorus pollution was most serious in Zouping County and least serious in Wudi County.
基金Supported by Key Technology Project of State Administration of Work Safety Supervision for Prevention and Control of Major Safety Accidents in 2015(Shandong-0052-2015AQ)Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR20-14EEP009)+1 种基金Binzhou Science and Technology Development Program(2013ZC1001)Research Fund of Binzhou University(BZXYG1414)
文摘The SWAT model was applied to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution patterns of non-point source pollution loads and the difference of pollution loads of different land use types in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basin. The results showed that both yearly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads were evenly distributed during 1973 to 1979,the annual TN pollution from non-point source was 1530 t,or 6. 3 kg / ha,and the annual TP pollution from non-point source was 270 t,or 1. 1 kg / ha during 1973 to 1979 in the watershed. Considerable differences were identified on both monthly nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads. The TN and TP pollution loads during the flood season( from April to September) accounted for 76. 2% and 75. 8% of the annual load respectively. There were great differences in both TN and TP pollution loads of different land use types in the study area,and the pollution load of both farmland and orchard was higher than that of the other land use types. TN and TP pollution loads of farmland accounted for 66% and 83% of total watershed. There was a great spatial difference in the nonpoint source pollution load of the study area. The critical source areas of non-point source pollution are mainly located at Guanqiao Town,Longmen Town,Changkeng Town,Shangqing Town and Dapu Town,where the efforts of controlling pollution should be made.
文摘An artificial aquatic food web (AAFW) system was designed to remove the non-point source pollutants in eutrophic Jiyu river. A certain amount of Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia pulex was cultured in the system for the control of serious cyanobacterial bloom. The AAFW system was a continuous-flow system including one storage basin of 3 m<sup>3</sup> capacity with polluted river water (the total nitrogen-TN: 4.49 mg⋅l<sup>-1</sup><sup></sup>;the total phosphorus-TP: 0.192 mg⋅l-1</sup></sup><sup></sup>), one phytoplankton tank of 3 m<sup>3</sup> capacity with an initial concentrations of S. obliquus about 5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> ind⋅l-1</sup><sup></sup>, and one zooplankton growth chamber of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup> capacity with an initial abundance of D. pulex about 22.5 ind⋅l-1</sup></sup>. The system was optimized by setting hydraulic retention time of phytoplankton tank as 5 days and the experiments were operated for 45 days. Compared with the polluted river, TN and TP were removed about 28% and 47% by the AAFW system, respectively. The biomass of phytoplankton decrease from 6.33 mg⋅l-1<sup></sup> to 1.48 mg⋅l-1</sup><sup></sup> and the percentage of cyanobacteria decrease from 43.93% to 2.36%, the biomass of Crustacean zooplankton increase from 0.34 mg⋅l-1</sup></sup><sup></sup> to 1.53 mg⋅l-1</sup></sup><sup></sup> and the percentage of D. pulex increase from 19.19% to 57.62%. Our results indicated that the AAFW system not only is an efficient, flexible system for reducing nutrient levels in tributary rivers, but also has an ability to control the cyanobacteria bloom and rebuilding the aquatic ecosystem from the polluted river water.
文摘The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.
基金The authors acknowledge the government of Fujian province,China,for providing financial assistance to conduct this study(Grant No.2002H009).
文摘This paper presents the study carried out for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution(NSP)in a medium-sized watershed covering 1.47×10^(4) km^(2) in Southeast China using quantitative analysis coupled with geographic information system(GIS),universal soil loss equation(USLE),soil conservation service-curve number(SCS-CN),nutrient loss equations,and annualized agricultural nonpoint source model(AnnAGNPS).Based on the quantitative results derived from GIS and environmental models,five control division units were generated for NSP control in Jiulong River watershed,namely,controlling unit for soil losses,controlling unit for livestock breeding and soil losses,controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and livestock breeding,controlling unit for soil losses and fertilizer use,and controlling unit for excessive fertilizer use and soil losses.This study proved that integrating GIS with environmental models can be adopted to efficiently evaluate major sources and contributors of NSP,and identify the critical source areas of NSP,which enables adjusting measures to local conditions by further control division units developed through such study for control and management of water quality degradation induced by NSP in the Jiulong River watershed.