Effect of activating flux on arc shape and arc voltage in tungsten inert gas welding

The effects of activating fluxes on welding arc were investigated. A special set of water-cooling system and stainless steel were used as parent material. During welding process, high-speed camera system and oscillograph were used for capturing instantaneous arc shape and arc voltage respectively. The experimental results indicate that the SiO2 flux can increase the arc voltage, while TiO2 has no this effect on arc voltage. Compared with conventional tungsten inert gas welding (C-TIG), it is found that the arc shape of A-TIG welding used with the SiO2 flux has changed obviously.

Magnetoelectric effect in layered composites with arc shape

Magnetoelectric （ME） layered Ni/PZT/Ni composites with arc shape have been prepared by using electroless deposition. The ME effect is measured by applying both constant and alternating magnetic fields in longitudinal and transverse directions. The longitudinal ME voltage coefficient is much larger than the transverse one. With the increase of arc length or decrease of curvature, the resonance frequency of layered arc Ni/PZT/Ni composites gradually decreases, while the maximum of the ME voltage coefficient of the composites increases monotonously. The influence of the arc length and the curvature on ME coupling is discussed. The flat interface between the ferromagnetic and the piezoelectric phases in layered ME composites is believed to provide large ME voltage coefficient.

The Origins of the Arc-Shaped Langshan Uplift and Linhe Trench

In the northern part of the Ordos Basin, there is a 325 km long arc-shaped Langshan uplift and a 15 km-deep Linhe Trench in front of Langshan, which are rare geological phenomena for which origins no one has explained. This article comprehensively analyzes the research achievements over the past 40 years of geology, geomorphology, seismic exploration, paleogeography, and oil and gas exploration in the Ordos Basin and Langshan. It recognizes that the northern part of the Ordos Basin experienced a meteorite impact in the Late Cretaceous period. The impact pushed the block northwest ward, subducting after colliding with igneous rocks in the north. This sudden event formed a clear arc-shaped mountain zone in the north and a wedge-shaped trench in front of the mountain. The chaotic layers, prolonged and continuous faults, and numerous thrust layers in the Langshan, a negative anomaly area in the center of the northern Ordos, abnormal orientation of crystalline basement structures in the north of Ordos, Moho uplift, and distribution of meteorite fragments in the northwest of Langshan, all of these geological phenomena support the occurrence of the meteorite impact event, forming the arc-shaped Langshan and the Trench.

Wave Diffraction on Arc-Shaped Floating Perforated Breakwaters

An analytical method is developed to study the sheltering effects on arc-shaped floating perforated breakwaters. In the process of analysis, the tloating breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, vertical, and immovable and located in water with constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into two regions by imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunction in the context of linear theory. By satisfying continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface, a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for eigenfunction expansions. The accuracy of the present model was verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of arc-shaped floating breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the non-dimensional wave amplitude around the breakwater and diffracted wave amplitude at typical sections, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. Results show that the sheltering effects on the arc-shaped floating perforated breakwater are closely related to the incident wavelength, the draft and the porosity of the breakwater.

Numerical simulations of rip currents off arc-shaped coastlines

The rip currents induced by waves off arc-shaped coastlines are seriously harmful to humans, but understanding of their characteristics is lacking. In this study, the FUNWAVE model was used to calculate the wave-induced currents in the Haller experiment and the ideal arc-shaped coast similar to Sanya Dadonghai, Hainan Province,China. The results showed that the FUNWAVE model has considerable ability to simulate the rip currents, and it was used to further simulate rip currents off arc-shaped coastlines to investigate their characteristics. The rip currents were found to be stronger as the curvature of arc-shaped coastline increased. Coastal beach slope exerts a significant influence on rip currents; in particular, an overly steep or overly mild slope is not conducive to creating rip currents. Furthermore, the rip currents were found to become weaker as the size of arc-shaped coast decreased. When the height and period of waves increase, the strength of rip currents also increases, and, in some cases, wave heights of 0.4 m may produce dangerous rip currents.

Plastic Mechanism of Multi-pass Double-roller Clamping Spinning for Arc-shaped Surface Flange

Compared with the conventional single-roller spinning process, the double-roller clamping spinning（DRCS） process can effectively prevent the sheet metal surface wrinkling and improve the the production efficiency and the shape precision of final spun part. Based on ABAQUS/Explicit nonlinear finite element software, the finite element model of the multi-pass DRCS for the sheet metal is established, and the material model, the contact definition, the mesh generation, the loading trajectory and other key technical problems are solved. The simulations on the multi-pass DRCS of the ordinary Q235A steel cylindrical part with the arc-shaped surface flange are carried out. The effects of number of spinning passes on the production efficiency, the spinning moment, the shape error of the workpiece, and the wall thickness distribution of the final part are obtained. It is indicated definitely that with the increase of the number of spinning passes the geometrical precision of the spun part increases while the production efficiency reduces. Moreover, the variations of the spinning forces and the distributions of the stresses, strains, wall thickness during the multi-pass DRCS process are revealed. It is indicated that during the DRCS process the radical force is the largest, and the whole deformation area shows the tangential tensile strain and the radial compressive strain, while the thickness strain changes along the generatrix directions from the compressive strain on the outer edge of the flange to the tensile strain on the inner edge of the flange. Based on the G-CNC6135 NC lathe, the three-axis linkage computer-controlled experimental device for DRCS which is driven by the AC servo motor is developed. And then using the experimental device, the Q235A cylindrical parts with the arc-shape surface flange are formed by the DRCS. The simulation results of spun parts have good consistency with the experimental results, which verifies the feasibility of DRCS process and the reliability of the finite element model for DRCS.

Study on Submerged Upper Arc-Shaped Plate Type Breakwater

Based on the wave radiation and diffraction theory, this paper investigates a new type breakwater with upper arcshaped plate by using the boundary element method(BEM). By comparing with other three designs of plate type breakwater(lower arc-shaped plate, single horizontal plate and double horizontal plate), this new type breakwater has been proved more effective. The wave exiting force, transmission and reflection coefficients are analyzed and discussed. In order to reveal the wave elimination mechanism of this type of breakwater, the velocity field around the breakwater is obtained. It is shown that:(1) The sway exciting force is minimal.(2) When the ratio of the submergence and wave amplitude is 0.05, the wave elimination effect will increase by 50% compared with other three types of breakwater.(3) The obvious backflow is found above the plate in the velocity field analysis.

Numerical simulations of stress wave propagation and attenuation at arc-shaped interface inlayered SiC/Al composite

The effects of interface shape on stress wave distribution and attenuation were investiga- ted using finite element method （ FEM ）. The simulation results indicate that when the stress wave propagates from SiC ceramic to A1 alloy, the tensile stress decreases and the attenuation coefficient of the stress wave increases with increasing central angle of the concave interface between SiC and A1. But for the convex interface, the tensile stress increases and attenuation coefficient decreases with increasing central angle. As the stress wave propagates from A1 alloy to SiC ceramic, the atten- uation coefficient of stress wave decreases with increasing the central angle of the concave interface. For the convex interface, the attenuation coefficient increases with increasing central angle.

Modeling the keyhole shape and dimension in plasma arc welding

It is of great significance to model the keyhole shape and dimensions to optimize the plasma arc welding process parameters. In this study, through employing a combined volumetric heat source mode, the weld pool in keyhole plasma arc welding is determined firstly, and then the dynamic force-balance condition on the interface between the plasma jet and the molten metal is dealt with in describing the keyhole formation inside the weld pool. The effects of welding current on the shape and size of keyhole are numerically analyzed. The sharp transformation from a partial keyhole to a full-penetration keyhole is quantitatively demonstrated.

CONTRACTED EFFECT OF BELL-SHADE SHAPE WELDING ARC AND ACCOMPANIED MAGNETIC FIELD WITH SPIRAL PIPE SHAPE

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Hydrodynamic Performance of the Arc-Shaped Bottom-Mounted Breakwater

The problem of the hydrodynamic interaction with the arc-shaped bottom-mounted breakwaters is investigated theoretically. The breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, impermeable and vertically located in a finite water depth. The fluid domain is divided into two sub-regions of inner and outer by an auxiliary circular interface. Linear theory is assumed and the eigenfunction expansion approach is used to determine the wave field. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the analytical solutions are compared to agree well with published results with the same parameters. Numerical results including wave amplitude, surge pressure, and wave force are presented with different model parameters. The major factors including wave parameters, structure configuration, and water depth that affect the surge pressure, wave forces, and wave amplitudes are discussed and illustrated by some graphs and cloud maps.

Tri-Arc双丝焊“Γ”形电弧及其促进方法

Tri-Arc双丝三电弧焊通过中间第3弧的M弧重新分配焊接热输入,实现高熔覆率低热输入焊接.M弧与主电弧耦合,在整个动态周期表现为“Γ”形和“μ”形及其镜像形态.该文研究“Γ”形电弧的形成机理和热输入调控机制,结果表明,“Γ”形态由“μ”形态转变而来,熔滴振荡引起焊丝末端间距的变化,从而促进耦合电弧“Γ”形态的形成,此时M弧不作用于母材,比“μ”形电弧焊接热输入更低.为提高Tri-Arc双丝焊接低热输入效果,在维持导电嘴末端到工件距离不变的前提下,提高焊枪枪体抬升距离从而改变焊丝末端间距.当导电嘴长度由30 mm增加至35 mm时,随着焊枪抬升,“Γ”形电弧作用时间逐渐增加,能更好地促进电弧热分配,降低Tri-Arc双丝焊接热输入,从而降低熔池最高温度,获得更小宽高比和更小熔深的焊缝.

A DECAGONAL QUASICRYSTAL WITH AN ARC-SHAPED CRACK

A decagonal quasicrystal, which is weakened by an arc-shaped crackpenetrating through the solid in the period direction, and which is subjected to remote uniformphonon stresses, is investigated by applying the complex variable method which is just developed bythe authors. It is found that the phonon and phason stresses near the crack tips exhibit inversesquare root singularities. The four complex stress functions characterizing the phonon and phasonfields are derived. Explicit expressions for the phonon and phason stress intensity factors, crackopening displacements and energy release rate are also presented.

Effect of arc force on shape of the welding pool

Based on the three-dimensional model of TIG weld pool established,the effect of the arc force on liquid surface was investigated.The simulation was carried out with finite elements software Surface Evolver.The influence of the arc force on the weld pool shape was also studied.According to the results,the variation of the weld shape and the parameters with different arc force strength was obtained.Compared with the back weld pool,the top weld pool was influenced more strongly by the arc force.These results provide an effective basis for further study of the TIG weld pool.

Numerical analysis of typical droplets transfer mode in wire and arc additive manufacture process

A two-dimensional model was established for the first time by coupling moving wire and arc in CMT-WAAM and GMAWWAAM process,revealing the temperature,potential and droplet transition behavior of droplet metal.The droplet transition and the change of droplet transfer mode under different wire feeding speed were analyzed.The experiments and numerical simulation research found that droplet transition mode is projected transfer in GMAW-WAAM process under 150 A current,with a complete transition period is 14 ms.The droplet transition shows a short-circuit transition mode in CMT-WAAM process,with wire feeding speed of 5.5 m/min and a complete transition period is 20 ms.The droplet transition shows a mixture of droplet transfer and short-circuit transition mode in CMT-WAAM process,with wire feeding speed of 5.5 m/min and a complete transition period is 23 ms.Based on the theoretical research and experimental studies,the mechanism of droplet transfer mode in WAAM was studied,which can provide reference for optimizing parameters.

Approximate entropy analysis of arc stability in VPPA-GMAW hybrid welding

Variable polarity plasma arc-gas metal arc welding(VPPA-GMAW)integrates the advantages of VPPA and GMAW,and it is particularly applied to weld thick-plates aluminum alloys.High-speed camera and data acquisition system were used to analyze the arc shape and the welding process electrical signal.According to the analysis of arc swing amplitude and the approximate entropy of arc voltage signal denoised by wavelet threshold method,the influence of VPPA frequency on the arc stability was studied.The results show that the approximate entropy of GMAW arc voltage decreases with the increase of VPPA frequency in a certain range,and the stability of the hybrid arc is significantly improved.The spectral analysis shows that the arc stability is reduced due to the resonance effect between the VPPA and the GMAW arc when the VPPA frequency closes to the GMAW arc pulse frequency.The results are helpful to understand hybrid welding mechanism and the selection of welding process parameters.

高速有ARC定时恒比定时甄别器

介绍了一种高速的TTL输出恒比定时甄别器。该甄别器同时实现恒比定时(CFD)功能及幅度和上升时间补偿定时(ARC)功能。最小传输延迟仅为22 ns,最大计数率为100 MHz,可内部调节恒比延时。适用于多种幅度和前沿时间范围的输入信号,时间分辨能力好。电路设计简单,价格低廉,便于制作使用。

Understanding the changing mechanism of arc characteristics in ultrasound-magnetic field coaxial hybrid gas tungsten arc welding

Ultrasound-magnetic field coaxial hybrid Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(U-M-GTAW)is proposed as a means to control arc characteristics.The arc characteristics and the mechanism to change them,in an ultrasound-magnetic field coaxial hybrid GTAW,were studied by both experimental and theoretical analyses.The results showed that a periodic rotation and compression of the arc shape were obtained in U-M-GTAW and the arc energy was also enhanced.The most obvious compression of the arc shape in U-M-GTAW was obtained,compared with GTAW,M-GTAW and U-GTAW.At the same time,a periodic rotation of the arc was observed in U-M-GTAW.The geometric parameters of the arc shape in U-M-GTAW are reduced more than double compared with traditional GTAW.The arc voltage in the hybrid GTAW was increased,especially in the U-M-GTAW.The electromagnetic force and acoustic radiation force were the main factors for the change of arc characteristics in the U-M-GTAW.

用MSC.MARC实现大转矩三段弧鼓形齿联轴器应力分析研究

应用有限单元法及MSC.MARC有限元分析程序,对我公司设计生产的新型三段弧鼓形联轴器进行了分析研究,从应力分布及接触状态等方面探讨了这种新型联轴器的结构力学特性,得出了这种新型联轴器既保持了一般鼓形联轴器的挠性特点,又可增大外齿轴套与内齿圈齿间接触面积,有效减小其接触应力峰值的结论,为进一步推广应用这种新型联轴器提供了理论依据。

基于无人机果树冠层卷吸效应的窄弧扇形防漂移喷嘴设计

针对植保无人机对果树冠层喷洒易产生的药液漂移问题,结合植保无人机对果树喷洒时产生的卷吸效应和扇形喷嘴雾化原理,设计了一种窄弧扇形喷嘴结构,并通过对不同冠层压力损失系数下的喷洒过程进行仿真分析,得到最佳防漂移的窄弧扇形喷嘴结构参数。研究结果表明:喷嘴内径增大,液膜与液带结构趋于稳定,液滴分布均匀,沉积率呈先降后升趋势;冠层压力损失系数降低,粒径频谱宽度减小,但沉积率总体提高;对较厚冠层果树植保时,选择内径1.3 mm、狭缝宽度0.15 mm的喷嘴,防漂移性能较好;对较薄冠层果树植保时,选择内径1.03 mm、狭缝宽度0.2 mm的喷嘴,防漂移性能较好;采用窄弧扇形喷嘴的液滴频谱宽度>0.7,沉积率>94.1%。