Effects of Peracetic Acid(PAA) Combined with Calcium Treatments on Storage Quality of Loquat Fruit

[Objective] The paper was to evaluate effects of peracetic acid （PAA） combined with calcium treatments on storage quality of Ioquat fruits, so as to pro- vide practical techniques to solve the problems of postharvest rot and quality deteri- oration for Ioquat fruits. [Method] With Ioquat fruits of Qingzhong variety as materi- als, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCI2 was used to soak Ioquat fruits for 4 min, 0.8% CaCl2 and water treatments were set as two controls; the fruits were dried and packaged by 0.02 mm PE bags, then stored under non-chilling low temperature of （7±1） ℃. The indicators related to storage quality of Ioquat fruits were randomly tested once every 3 d, and their variation situations were analyzed. [Result] Compared with two control treatments and 0.2% PAA, 0.8% PAA combined with calcium treatments, the treatment of 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 could significantly inhibit rot index, weight loss rate, firmness and cell membrane permeability of Ioquat fruits during storage period, which could also effectively delay the reduction of titratable acid, vitamin C, soluble solid content and juice yield, and maintain respiration intensity of fruits at a low level; the appearance and flavor qual- ity of fruits were good after stored for 25 d. [Conclusion] 0.4% PAA combined with 0.8% CaCl2 treatment is an efficient, safe and economical practice technology in an- ti-corrosion and quality preservation for postharvest Ioquat fruits .

Inclusion variations and calcium treatment optimization in pipeline steel production

SiCa line and SiCaBaFe alloy were injected into liquid pipeline steel at the end of LF refining as calcium treatment,and samples were taken from the ladles,mould,and slabs.Analysis of Ca content and inclusions shows that Ca content in steel decreases obviously in the following process after calcium treatment;the compositions,morphology,and sizes of inclusions also vary much in the production;primary inclusions in the ladles prior to calcium treatment are mainly Al2O3 inclusions,but they turn to fine irregular CaS-CaO-Al2O3 compound inclusions after the treatment,then become fine globular CaO-Al2O3 inclusions in the mould,and finally change to a few larger irregular CaS-CaO-Al2O3 complex inclusions in the slabs.Thermodynamic study reveals that inclusion variations are related with the preferential reactions among Ca,Al2O3,and S and the precipitation of S in CaO-Al2O3 inclusions with high sulfur capacity.New evaluation standards for calcium treatment in high-grade pipeline steel were put forward according to the inclusion variations and requirements of pipeline steel on inclusion controlling,and the calcium process was studied and optimized.

Effects of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions and magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel sheets

Based on the industrial production of non-oriented silicon steel,calcium treatment by CaSi wire feeding during the RH refining process was studied. The thermodynamics of CaS inclusion formation was analyzed, and the morphology and the size distribution were observed. Furthermore, the change in inclusion characteristics after calcium treatment and the effect of calcium treatment on magnetic properties were discussed. The results show that the formation of MnS and A1N inclusions were restrained, and the aggregating, floating and removing of microinclusions after calcium treatment were effectively promoted. The cleanliness of liquid steel was obviously increased. The main type of inclusions was single phase of CaO, with some complex inclusions composed of CaO, SiO2 and MgO. No CaS inclusion was observed after an appropriate calcium treatment. The size of all inclusions was distributed in the range of 2 - 20 μm, and the number was about 1.8 × 10^5/mm3. In addition, as an increasing amount of calcium was added,the core loss gradually decreased to a stable level, and the magnetic induction decreased quickly after a slow increase. The optimal calcium treatment mode depends on the chemical composition of steel.

Effect of Calcium Treatment During Production on Quality of Stored Huangguan Pear Fruit

The effect of calcium treatment during production on the quality(soluble solids, fruit firmness, soluble sugar content, titratable acid content, etc.) of Huangguan pear was studied. The results showed that the calcium treatment during production improved the comprehensive quality of Huangguan pear fruit, delayed and reduced the occurrence of browning of fruit core, and enhanced its storage effect in the cold storage. Therefore, the calcium treatment improved the quality of stored pear fruit.

Effect of Calcium Treatment on Non-Metallic Inclusions in Ultra-Low Oxygen Steel Refined by High Basicity High Al_2O_3 Slag

The influence of calcium treatment on non-metallic inclusions had been studied when control technology of refining top slag in ladle furnace was used in ultra-low oxygen steelmaking. A sufficient amount aluminium was added to experimental heats for final deoxidizing during BOF tapping, and the refining top slag with strong reducibility, high basicity and high Al2O3 in ladle furnace was used to produce ultra-low oxygen steel and the transformation of nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel was compared by calcium treatment and no calcium treatment. The results show that the transformation of Al2O3--MgO - Al2O3 spinel-CaO-MgO-Al2O3 complex inclusions has been completed for aluminum deoxidation products and calcium treatment to molten steel is unnecessary when using the control technology of ladle furnace refining top slag to produce ultra-low oxygen steel, and the complex inclusions are liquid at the temperature of steelmaking and easily removable to obtain very high cleanliness steel by flotation. Further- more, the problems of nozzle clogging in casting operations do not happen and the remaining oxide inclusions in steel are the relatively lower melting point complex inclusions.

Inclusion engineering and metallurgy of calcium treatment

Although a great deal of research has been done in the area of inclusion control during steelmaking, a complete description of the process of inclusion modification and shape control cannot be found in literatures. As a result, the terms ＂inclusion modification＂ and ＂shape control＂ are often used loosely in the technical community. To utilize the full potential offered by a calcium treatment, it is important to understand why an inclusion whose composition has been modified may not necessarily have its shape modified. With the purpose of decoupling the process of inclusion phase change from inclusion shape control, and to provide a complete description of the metallurgy of calcium treatment, a detailed literature survey has been performed on the subject. By coupling the survey with a new concept developed to tailor the cleanliness of steels to the intended applications, the hope is to provide the reader with valuable information on calcium treatment for inclusion modification and shape control.

Denaturation behavior of inclusions in industrial pure iron by calcium treatment

Only a few Chinese enterprises can produce high-quality industrial pure iron,and studies on the smelting process of industrial pure iron were limited.The inclusions in a melting process were characterized by means of electron microscopy and an automatic inclusion analysis system,and the evolution mechanism of inclusion was studied using thermodynamic calculation to optimize the calcium alloy addition in liquid window.The results show that during the smelting process,inclusions mainly composed of Al_(2)O_(3)and spinel are formed before calcium treatment.After calcium treatment,they continuously react with[Ca],[S]and[Ti],grow up,and are removed during refining and tundish pouring.In the end,there are more small-sized inclusions containing CaS,and the contents of Al_(2)O_(3)and spinel are less.According to thermodynamic calculations,the appropriate calcium treatment liquid window for the molten steel composition is(10-38)×10^(-6).Calcium treatment has changed the main types of inclusions in industrial pure iron from Al_(2)O_(3)to small-sized inclusions containing CaS and effectively reduces the influence of Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions on the quality of industrial pure iron.

Vitamin D and calcium are required at the time of denosumab administration during osteoporosis treatment

To evaluate the differences in outcomes of treatment with denosumab alone or denosumab combined with vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with primary osteoporosis. Patients were split into a denosumab monotherapy group （18 cases） or a denosumab plus vitamin D supplementation group （combination group; 23 cases）. We measured serum bone alkaline phosphatase （BAP）, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRACP）-5b and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen （NTX） at baseline, 1 week, as well as at I month and 2, 4, 8 and 12 months. We also measured bone mineral density （BMD） of L1-4 lumbar vertebrae （L）-BMD and bilateral hips （H）-BMD at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 months. There was no significant difference in patient background. TRACP-5b and urinary NTX were significantly suppressed in both groups from I week to 12 months （except at 12 months for NTX）. In the combination group, TRACP-5b was significantly decreased compared with the denosumab monotherapy group at 2 and 4 months （P 〈 0.05）. BAP was significantly suppressed in both groups at 2-12 months. L-BMD significantly increased at 8 and 12 months （8.9%） in the combination group and at 4, 8 and 12 months （6.0%） in the denosumab monotherapy group, compared with those before treatment. H-BMD was significantly increased in the combination group （3.6%） compared with the denosumab group （1.2%） at 12 months （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with denosumab monotherapy, combination therapy of denosumab with vitamin D and calcium stopped the decrease in calcium caused by denosumab, inhibited bone metabolism to a greater extent, and increased BMD （especially at the hips）.

Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study to Compare the Clinical Effectiveness of Calcium Dobesilate 500 mg BID vs. Calcium Dobesilate LP 1 g OD, in Patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs

Background: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) describes a condition that affects the venous system of the lower extremities due to venous hypertension (VH. The prevalence is between 5% - 30%. CVI is associated with older age, smoking, lower extremity trauma, presence of an arteriovenous shunt, and elevated estrogen levels. All patients should be initially treated with conservative management. Venoactive drugs like calcium dobesilate are useful. Objectives: The primary objective compared the clinical improvement in patients with CVI, grades 0 - 3 of the CEAP classification of chronic venous disease, produced by two formulations of calcium dobesilate: calcium dobesilate LP 1 g OD vs calcium dobesilate 500 mg BID, immediate release. The secondary objective assessed the side effects of both formulations. Method: All patients took one tablet and one capsule at 7 am, and one capsule at 7 pm, for 8 weeks. One group received dobesilate 1 g OD and the other group received dobesilate 500 md BID. They were evaluated after 15, 30 and 60 days of treatment, using the symptom evaluation scale. Results: In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the symptom score after 15 days. Four patients in the Dobesilate OD group: had adverse effects, which did not require suspension of treatment. In the BID dobesilate group, there was one therapeutic failure, and one case of gastric discomfort. Conclusions: Prolonged-release Calcium dobesilate 1 g OD is as effective as calcium dobesilate 500 mg BID for the treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

Influence of calcium content on solid ratio of inclusions in Ca-treated liquid steel

It has been found that Ca-treated liquid steel can be cast at a lower superheat. To ascertain the reason for the improved castability of Ca-treated liquid steel and to find the optimal range of calcium content, the behavior of calcium in liquid steel was studied in terms of the relationship between the calcium content and solid ratio of inclusions. The relationship between the calcium content and solid ratio of inclusions was obtained by means of the classification of nonmetallic inclusions in solid and liquid steels at casting temperature according to the Al2O3-CaO-SiO2 phase diagram. The optimum calcium content should be 17-23 ppm.

Effect of calcium content on inclusions during the ladle furnace refining process of AISI 321 stainless steel

The effect of three heat processes with different calcium contents on the evolution of inclusions during the ladle furnace refining process of AISI 321 stainless steel was investigated.The size,morphology,and composition of the inclusions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.After the addition of aluminum and titanium,the primary oxide in the AISI 321 stainless steel was an AbOs—MgO—TiOx complex oxide,in which the mass ratio of AbOs/MgO was highly consistent with spinel(MgO・AbO3).After calcium treatment,the calcium content in the oxide increased significantly.Thermodynamic calculations show that when the Ti content was 0.2wt%,the Al and Ca contents were less than 0.10wt%and 0.0005wt%,respectively,which was beneficial for the formation of liquid inclusions in molten steel.Moreover,the modification mechanism of calcium on TiN-wrapped oxides in combination with temperature changes was discussed.

Novel mechanism for the modification of Al_2O_3-based inclusions in ultra-low carbon Al-killed steel considering the effects of magnesium and calcium

Many researchers have explored the inclusion modification mechanism to improve non-metallic inclusion modifications in steelmaking. In this study, two types of industrial trials on inclusion modifications in liquid steel were conducted using ultra-low-carbon Al-killed steel with different Mg and Ca contents to verify the effects of Ca and Mg contents on the modification mechanism of Al_2O_3-based inclusions during secondary refining. The results showed that Al_2O_3-based inclusions can be modified into liquid calcium aluminate or a multi-component inclusion with the addition of a suitable amount of Ca. In addition, [Mg] in liquid steel can further reduce CaO in liquid calcium aluminate to drive its evolution into CaO–MgO–Al_2O_3 multi-component inclusions. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that the reaction between [Mg] and CaO in liquid calcium aluminate occurs when the MgO content of liquid calcium aluminate is less than 3 wt% and the temperature is higher than 1843 K.

Effect of carbon fiber on calcium phosphate bone cement

The calcium phosphate cement (α-TCP/TTCP) was reinforced with oxidation-t reated carbon fibers. The effect of aspect ratio and content of carbon fiber on the compression strength and bending strength of the hardened body was discussed . The results show that the reinforcing effect is optimal as the aspect ratio is 375 and the additive amount is 0.3%(mass fraction). Under this condition,the c ompressive strength is increased by 55% (maximum 63.46 MPa),and the bending st rength is nearly increased by 100% (maximum 11.95 MPa),respectively. However,if the additive quantity and aspect ratio are too high,the effect of the carbon fibers is limited because it can not be dispersed uniformly in the hardened bod y. The biological evaluation indicates that the calcium phosphate cement reinfor ced by carbon fibers has good biocompatibility.

Investigation of the role of Ca(OH)2 in the catalytic Alkaline Thermal Treatment of cellulose to produce H2 with integrated carbon capture

The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.

Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomato as Influenced by Calcium and Mulching in Rooftop Cultivation

The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7;2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3?treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium treatment with mulching condition exposed better quality, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. However, the T3?treatment (80 ppm) with mulching would be recommended as the best combination to grow BARI F1Tomato-5 for the farmers in Bangladesh.

Demineralized Drinking Water in Local Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Stations and the Potential Effect on Human Health

Water is important for life and its elements are very useful for human body to some extent. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a very effective method in minimizing the concentrations of some elements in drinking water treatment. Therefore, the goal of this study is to measure the concentrations of some important parameters for human body and the role of Reverse Osmosis (RO) method in the local drinking water treatment stations in minimizing these constituents. This goal was achieved by comparing the effluent of five local drinking water treatment stations that depends on Reverse Osmosis as a primary treatment for the water produced from the Al-Diwaniyah water treatment plant. These parameters are PH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, and TH. Therefore, samples were collected and tested in Al-Qadisiyah Environmental Authority for these local drinking water treatment stations for seven weeks, in order to compare the effluent with the minimum concentrations required for human body according to the health studies and guide lines. The results show that all the drinking waters produced by these stations were below the WHO and Iraq standards. The concentrations of Calcium were in the range from 5.3 to 25 mg/l, while the concentrations of magnesium were in the range from 9.5 to 18.2 mg/l. Therefore, drinking water produced from RO stations should be remineralised to increase the concentrations of necessary constituents in order to minimize the risk of the potential influence of low level concentrations containing calcium carbonate or by adding calcium compounds to the water.

Calcium Hydroxide in Endodontics: An Overview

Background: Calcium hydroxide has been used in dentistry since several decades. It has been used in a number of applications in the field of endodontics such as root resorption, intracanal medicament, and root canal sealers. Although this material exhibits several advantages, it also has some limitations. Objectives: To review the role of calcium hydroxide in the field of endodontics, focusing on its mechanism of action, antimicrobial effects, different applications, cytotoxicity or biocompatibility, and its removal from the root canals. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was done using different databases. Out of 2,664 articles, only 33 articles have been selected to be included in this review because they are directly related to the topic and matched the inclusion criteria of this review: “Language: English” and “Year: 2000-2016”. Results: The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide is controversial. Although some studies supported the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide against some bacteria others reported its limitation against fungal infection. Calcium hydroxide can be used effectively as intracanal medicament, root canal sealer, in weeping canals, for perforation management and root resorption. Conclusions: Despite the limitation of antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, it is used effectively in a number of treatment modalities in endodontics. Due to its biological and therapeutical properties, calcium hydroxide is the material of choice for all pulp therapy. However, when using calcium hydroxide as a dressing material in root canal treatment caution should be taken to prevent the overextension of the paste beyond the tooth apex and avoid the harmful side effects.

钙处理对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质及果皮解剖结构的影响

为研究钙处理对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质及果皮解剖结构的影响,该试验以6年生‘巨峰’为试材,定期喷施5g/L氯化钙水溶液,以喷清水为对照,研究钙处理对不同时期(幼果期、转色期、成熟期)果实纵径、横径、单果重、可溶性固形物、果实硬度及果皮解剖结构的影响。结果表明,喷钙明显提高果实品质,果皮厚度明显增加,表皮细胞面积减小,且比对照排列紧实。

Changes of Plasma Membrane H^+-ATPase Activities of Glycine max Seeds by PEG Treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.

管线钢X65连铸过程絮流原因分析

通过对低碳低硫低氧铝镇静钢X65连铸过程絮流原因的分析,得出引起塞棒絮流的原因是高Ca的钙铝酸盐粘附在塞棒头部。浇注初期,塞棒头部吸热使周围钢液温度急剧下降,析出高熔点钙铝酸盐被粘附在塞棒头部,引起塞棒曲线上行。另外,通过热力学计算,在低碳低硫低氧铝镇静钢X65中,1 540℃时,形成12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3)需要的w[Ca]为16×10^(-6),过量的Ca进一步反应形成高熔点钙铝酸盐。在中间包工作层、塞棒、水口、碗口等与钢水接触部位全部使用镁质耐材的条件下,在低碳低硫低氧的铝镇静钢生产时,向钢液中喂入的Ca含量越多,塞棒上行程度越严重。采用高碱度渣系和Al降低钢中的O和S,将Ca喂入量控制在0.065 0~0.071 5 kg/t,中间包w[Ca]控制在(10~15)×10^(-6),可以有效控制塞棒絮流。