Cancer Pain with Standardized Nursing

Background: The incidence of cancer pain in patients with malignant tumors is relatively high, and pain control is poor, which is closely related to many factors, especially the nursing way. Objective: To explore the effect of standardized nursing model on pain control in patients with malignant tumors. Methods: 50 patients with malignant tumors treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from January to December in 2021 were randomly divided into 25 cases in the control group and 25 cases in the observation group. The pain control and medication compliance of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no difference in the corresponding score of admission pain between the two groups (P > 0.05), and the pain score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P P Conclusion: Standardized cancer pain nursing can ease the pain of patients, and the medication compliance is better.

The clinical observation of slow-released morphine tablets by rectum in the treatment of the patients with moderate to severe cancer pain

Objective: To observe the effect of slow-released morphine tablets by rectum in treating the patients of moderate to severe cancer pain with server nausea and vomiting or dysphagia. Methods: 54 cases of cancer patients with server nau- sea and vomiting symptoms or dysphagia were treated with slow-released morphine tablets by rectum, 30-90 mg/time, once every 12 hours. The drug dose was titrated by degree of pain, and the effects and adverse effects were observed. Results: The total effective rate was 81.48%, complete response rate was 51.85% (28/54), and the partial response rate was 29.63% (16/54); there were no obvious toxicities, and the common adverse symptoms included nausea (16.7%) and vomiting (9.3%). Conclusion: The treatment of slow-released morphine tablet by rectum could effectively control cancer pain, the adverse effects were slight than that by mouth. It is safe and effective to be worthy of the adhibition in clinic.

A survey of advanced medical students’ knowledge towards cancer pain management

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate advanced medical students' knowledge towards cancer pain management, and understand the effect of specialisms and duration of oncology rotation on the advanced medical students' cognitive level towards cancer pain management. Methods: Randomly selected the respondents from a medical school in Wuhan, China. The educational background of the respondents should belong to one of these conditions: (1) clinical master degree candidate; (2) clinical doctor degree candidate; (3) the sixth or seventh year of clinical medicine for seven years. The respondents should also spend more than one year on internship. The self-developed questionnaire papers were distributed to respondents in the unit of dorms selected randomly and recovered them immediately after they're finished. The categori- cal data were expressed at the form of frequency (rate or constituent ratio). Chi-square test was required only as needed. Results: The survey was anonymous. We distributed 300 papers, recovered 300 papers and weeded out 8 invalid papers. Finally there were 292 valid papers, and the valid recovery rate was 97.3%. The 96.7% of oncological medical students and 47.6% non-oncological medical students relied on patients' description for cancer pain assessments; 90.0% of oncological medical students and 53.0% of non-oncological medical students prescribed strong opioid drugs firstly for patients suffering severe cancer pain; only 24.1% of non-oncological medical students recognized that pethidine was not safe and effective to treat cancer pain, which was much lower than oncological medical students (90.0%); 73.3% of oncological medical students and 28.9% of non-oncological medical students had the correct impression of drug addiction; 85.5% of non-oncological medi- cal students worried about the drug addiction, while 60.0% of oncological medical students worried about the strict control over opioid. In respect of the details of cancer pain management, only 66.7% of oncological medical students recognized that there was no upper limit of opioid prescribed clinically, and 16.3% of oncological medical students recognized that there was no psychological dependence if patients took opioid orally. The 69.8% of the students from no-less-than-two-week group relied on patients' description for cancer pain assessments, 76.7% prescribed strong opioid drugs firstly for patients suffer- ing severe cancer pain, 69.8% recognized that pethidine was not safe and effective to treat cancer pain, and 55.8% had the correct impression of drug addiction. All of the data were higher than that in no-rotation group and that in less-than-two-week group. The 51.2% of the students from no-less-than-two-week worried about drug addiction, which was the lowest of all. Conclusion: The cognitive level of advanced medical students towards cancer pain management is so low that it could not satisfy the clinical requirement, especially for the non-oncological medical students and the students spending little time on oncology rotation. Though the oncological medical students know something about cancer pain treatment, they know little about the details.

Adaptive Modeling of Monthly Depression Levels in Terms of Daily Assessments of Opioid Medications Taken and Pain Levels for Cancer Patients

A research study collected intensive longitudinal data from cancer patients on a daily basis as well as non-intensive longitudinal survey data on a monthly basis. Although the daily data need separate analysis, those data can also be utilized to generate predictors of monthly outcomes. Alternatives for generating daily data predictors of monthly outcomes are addressed in this work. Analyses are reported of depression measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 as the monthly survey outcome. Daily measures include numbers of opioid medications taken, numbers of pain flares, least pain levels, and worst pain levels. Predictors are averages of recent non-missing values for each daily measure recorded on or prior to survey dates for depression values. Weights for recent non-missing values are based on days between measurement of a recent value and a survey date. Five alternative averages are considered: averages with unit weights, averages with reciprocal weights, weighted averages with reciprocal weights, averages with exponential weights, and weighted averages with exponential weights. Adaptive regression methods based on likelihood cross-validation (LCV) scores are used to generate fractional polynomial models for possible nonlinear dependence of depression on each average. For all four daily measures, the best LCV score over averages of all types is generated using the average of recent non-missing values with reciprocal weights. Generated models are nonlinear and monotonic. Results indicate that an appropriate choice would be to assume three recent non-missing values and use the average with reciprocal weights of the first three recent non-missing values.

Study on syndrome distribution and medication characteristics of patients with rectal cancer in the real world

Objective:To explore the general characteristics,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and medication of patients with rectal cancer in China.Methods:The clinical data of inpatients with rectal cancer from the information system of 17 tertiary A‑level traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in China were collected.After data standardization,descriptive analysis was performed on the general information,syndrome distribution and medication characteristics of the included patients,and association rule analysis was performed on the drug usage.Results:A total of 15424 hospitalized patients with rectal cancer were included.The ratio of male to female patients was 1.6:1,the average age was 60.87 years old,and the age was mainly in the range of 50 to 79 years old.Among the 12146 patients with rectal cancer,the top 5 TCM syndromes were Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome(25%),phlegm and blood stasis syndrome(19%),spleen deficiency syndrome(14%),Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome(7%)and Qi and blood deficiency syndrome(6%).After excluding the anti‑tumor western medicine recommended by the guidelines,adrenal corticosteroids(43.55%),antibiotics(42.94%)and immunomodulatory drugs(42.66%)ranked the top three in the frequency of western medicine use.Dexamethasone(38.15%),metoclopramide tablets(20.51%)and furosemide injection(19.71%)were the three most commonly used western medicines.Among the three western medicines combined,cimetidine,granisetron hydrochloride dextrose injection+dexamethasone were the most common(support 8.23%,confidence 96.4%,and improvement 2.48%).Heat‑clearing and detoxifying agents(53.72%),Yiqi‑fuzheng agents(49.76%)and blood‑activating and stasis‑removing agents(15.68%)ranked the top 3 in the frequency of use of traditional Chinese medicine.Shenqi Fuzheng injection,Shenqi Fuzheng injection(21.59%),Compound Kushen injection(17.52%)and Aidi injection(11.96%)were the three most commonly used Chinese patent medicines.Conclusion:The main syndromes of patients with rectal cancer may be Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome,phlegm and blood stasis syndrome,and spleen deficiency syndrome,etc.The treatment needs to focus on the supplementation of vital essence,combination of dredging and tonifying method,and the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine.

Effect of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress in patients

Objective: To investigate the effects of laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer on gastrointestinal hormones, visceral protein and pain stress. Methods: A total of 96 patients with rectal cancer radical resection from January 2017 to December 2017 in our hospital, were selected as the research objects, the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (48 cases) and the control group (48 cases). The observation group received laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, while the control group underwent open radical resection of rectal cancer. The levels of gastrin (GAS), motilin (MTL), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), transferrin (TRF), retinol binding protein (RbP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PRE), P substance (SP), bradykinin (BK), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) were measured and compared in the two groups. Results: Before operation, there was no significant difference in GAS, MTL and VIP between the two groups. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, the GAS, MTL and VIP of the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3, and 5 d after operation, GAS of the observation group were (66.60±5.79) μmol/L, (71.95±6.16) μmol/L and (77.68±6.38) μmol/L respectively, MTL were (225.68±19.83) pg/mL, (253.76±21.42) pg/mL and (289.98±24.74) pg/mL, VIP were (1.99±0.42) μmol/L, (2.43±0.46) μmol/L, (2.80±0.51) μmol/L, respectively, which were higher than that of the control group at the same time, and the difference was statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the TRF, RbP, ALB and PRE levels in the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation, and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, TRF of the observation group were (1.64±0.33) ng/L, (1.44±0.30) ng/L, (1.46 ±0.32) ng/L, RbP were (19.05±3.85) mg/L, (21.83±4.26) mg/L and (24.54±4.45) mg/L respectively, and ALB were (31.49±2.54) ng/L, (28.21±2.05) ng/L and (28.43±1.99) ng/L, PRE were (0.20±0.06) ng/L, (0.16±0.05) ng/L, (0.15±0.05) ng/L, which were all higher than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Before operation, there was no significant difference in SP, BK and PGE2 between the two groups. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, the SP, BK and PGE2 of the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation and the differences were statistically significant. 1, 3 and 5 d after operation, SP of the observation group was (7.31±0.87) μg/mL, (5.43±0.51) μg/mL and (3.10±0.24) μg/mL, BK was (9.53±0.80) μg/L, (7.81±0.79) μg/L and 6.30±0.53) pg/mL, and PGE2 were (152.42±14.80) pg/mL, (131.22±13.35) pg/mL, (117.86±11.95) pg/mL, which were all lower than those in the control group at the same time, and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer can help patients recover gastrointestinal function faster and cause less pain stress.

Effect of minimally invasive surgery under anus and colonoscopy on pain stress, gastrointestinal hormones and vascular endothelial function in patients with rectal cancer

Objective: To discuss the effects of minimally invasive surgery under transrectal anoscope on pain stress, gastrointestinal hormones and vascular endothelial function in patients with rectal cancer. Methods Totally 64 patients with rectal cancer who underwent minimally invasive surgery under transanal anastomosis from January 2017 to December 2018 in our hospital were selected as the observation group and the retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted. Another 64 patients who underwent traditional laparotomy at the same time in our hospital were selected as the control group. Pain stress, gastrointestinal hormones, vascular endothelial function, and tumor marker changes were compared between the two groups. Results There were no significant differences in pain stress index, gastrointestinal hormone, vascular endothelial function index and tumor marker level between the two groups before operation (P>0.05). After operation, the levels of SP, BK and PGE2 in the two groups were higher than those before surgery (P<0.05), and the levels of GAS, MTL, VIP, VEGF, MMP-9, ET-1, CEA, CA724, CA125 and CA19-9 were higher with preoperative reduction of P<0.05. The levels of SP, BK, PGE2, VEGF, MMP-9, ET-1, CEA, CA724, CA125 and CA19-9 in the observation group after operation were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the GAS, MTL and VIP levels were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Minimally invasive surgery under transanal anoscope can reduce the pain stress of patients with rectal cancer, and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones is slight. It can effectively reduce the vascular endothelial function index and tumor marker level, help the immune function recovery of patients, and promote postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON CANCER PAIN PREPARED FOR THE FEDERATION OF STATE MEDICAL BOARDS OF THE U.S.

I The Cancer Pain Problem:(1) Cleeland CS. Darriers to the management of cancer pain. Oncology 1987, April(Special Suppl. ) : 19--26.(2) Morgan JP, Pleet DL. Opiophobia in the United States : the undertreatment of severepain. In: Morgan JP, Kagan DV, eds. Society and Medication: Conflicting Signals forPrescribers and Patients. Levington, MA : Lexington Press, 1983: 313--326.

Application of Quality Control Circle Activity in Improving Effectiveness of Drug Intervention in Lung Cancer Patients with Moderate to Severe Pain

Objective:Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality of all malignant tumors in China.Cancer pain dramatically affects patients’comfort level,causing insomnia,anorexia,anxiety,fear,depression,and a decline in the quality of life(QOL).The literature suggests a shortage of adequate cancer pain management for 59.1% of patients in China.The quality control circle(QCC)activity reflects the people-oriented core idea of management.This study aimed to assess the efficacy of QCC in enhancing the effectiveness of drug interventions in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain.Methods:From January 2019 to July 2019,lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain were treated with drugs.The total number of drug interventions was 3072.A QCC activity was performed following the ten steps of the plan-do-check-act(PDCA)model.The reasons for the poor effectiveness of drug intervention in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain were analyzed.Countermeasures were designed to improve the effectiveness of drug intervention,including setting up a pain college,writing a medication education manual,and formulating operational rules for the administration of narcotic drugs.The effectiveness of drug intervention in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain and activity ability scores of QCC members were analyzed statistically before and after QCC activity.The effectiveness of drug intervention was investigated and compared before and after establishing the QCC.Results:After establishing the PDCA model,the effectiveness of drug intervention for moderate to severe pain in lung cancer patients increased from 56.28% to 85.29%.Members had significant improvement in problem-solving ability,responsibility,communication,coordination,self-confidence,team cohesion,enthusiasm,QCC skills,and harmony.Conclusion:QCC activity can significantly improve the efficiency of drug intervention in lung cancer patients with moderate to severe pain and their quality of life.

Road map for pain management in pancreatic cancer: A review

Beside its poor prognosis and its late diagnosis, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most painful malignancies. Optimal management of pain in this cancer represents a real challenge for the oncologist whose objective is to ensure a better quality of life to his patients. We aimed in this paper to review all the treatment modalities incriminated in the management of pain in pancreatic cancer going from painkillers, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and interventional techniques to agents under investigation and alternative medicine. Although specific guidelines and recommendations for pain management in pancreatic cancer are still absent, we present all the possible pain treatments, with a progression from medical multimodal treatment to radiotherapy and chemotherapy then interventional techniques in case of resistance. In addition, alternative methods such as acupuncture and hypnosis can be added at any stage and seems to contribute to pain relief.

A Literature Review in Immuno-Oncology: Pathophysiological and Clinical Features of Colorectal Cancer and the Role of the Doctor-Patient Interaction

This review is intended to describe the features of colorectal cancer both in terms of pathophysiology and clinical features of the pathology. It also describes the anatomical and clinical features of different primary tumor locations in colorectal cancer. It is also to note how relevant it is to identify rectal cancer and colon cancer as different pathologies due to the clinical, pathophysiological and immuno-oncological features of rectal cancer compared to the ones of colon cancer while remarking the importance of medical doctors in the interaction with oncological patients. Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, representing the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and the second in females and it is fundamental to note and discuss doctor-patient interaction, fundamental for proper adherence and psychological status of the oncological patient, when discussing such important and impactful pathologies. Conclusions: This review highlights the possibility of an update in the terminology of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) into different clinically relevant pathologies within the umbrella term colorectal cancer (for instance rectal and colon cancer as different tumors). It also remarks on the importance of medical doctors in the interaction with oncological patients.

直肠癌术后发生吻合口瘘风险因素的预测分析

目的 通过综合考虑直肠癌患者术前和术后因素,旨在确定直肠癌术后发生吻合口瘘(anastomotic leakage, AL)发生的危险因素,并构建有效预测术后AL的列线图模型。方法 选取2018-01/2023-05月在作者医院行直肠癌手术的188例患者进行单中心回顾性研究。依据是否发生AL将患者分为AL组(n=21)和非AL组(n=167)。应用Logistic回归分析法对直肠癌术后发生AL危险因素进行分析,建立直肠癌术后AL列线图预测模型。列线图模型预测性能通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(area under the curve, AUC)评估。结果 与非AL组患者比较,AL组有饮酒史、术前肠梗阻、pTNM分期Ⅲ/Ⅳ期的患者比例更高,接受预防性造口术比例更低,术后早期疼痛数字评分法(numeric rating scale, NRS)评分更高(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前肠梗阻、术后早期NRS评分是直肠癌患者术后发生AL的独立危险因素,而保留左结肠动脉、预防性造口术是直肠癌患者术后发生AL的保护因素(P<0.05)。对列线图预测模型的评估显示,ROC曲线的AUC为0.910(95%CI:0.853~0.968,P<0.001),当最佳预测截止值为0.303时,特异性为95.82%,灵敏度为66.71%。结论 保留左结肠动脉和预防性造口术、术前肠梗阻和术后早期中重度疼痛等因素对直肠癌患者术后AL具有良好的预测能力。

闭环式管理模式对门诊癌痛患者的护理效果评价

目的探索闭环式管理模式对门诊癌痛患者的镇痛效果及可行性。方法收集2019年12月—2020年6月在江苏省肿瘤医院镇痛门诊首诊并使用阿片类药物(羟考酮缓释片)进行镇痛治疗的癌痛患者112例为研究对象。按照组间基本特征具有可比性的原则将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组56例,对照组给予常规管理;观察组接受闭环式管理模式,包括对患者首诊、复诊、定期随访、宣教、用药记录、指导等,同期疼痛门诊专科医师、药师、护士对患者制订个体化规范、合理、有效的镇痛方案及随诊计划,重点解决患者镇痛用药依从性,随诊反馈中存在的问题。两组患者均接受持续1个月的管理,记录并比较两组患者管理前后的服药依从率、数字评分量表(NRS)、爆发痛次数、疼痛控制满意程度,外周血β-内啡肽(β-EP)、前列腺素E-2(PGE-2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、体质状况(KPS)评分,记录两组患者管理后对护理满意程度及管理期间发生的不良反应。结果管理前,两组患者的服药依从率、NRS、爆发痛次数、β-EP、PGE-2、ET-1、KPS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);管理后,观察组患者的服药依从率、镇痛满意程度、β-EP、护理满意程度和KPS评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的NRS、PGE-2、ET-1和不良反应发生程度均低于对照组,爆发痛次数少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论闭环式管理模式可有效提升门诊癌痛患者服药依从,有效控制疼痛,改善患者体质。

分析分阶段体位安置对直肠癌术后患者睡眠质量及并发症的影响

目的:分析分阶段体位安置对直肠癌术后患者睡眠质量及并发症的影响。方法:选取2022年3月至2023年6月厦门大学附属第一医院收治的直肠癌手术患者106例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组给予常规体位摆放,观察组在对照组操作基础上加用分阶段体位安置干预。采用手术体位舒适性量表(OPCQ)评估患者的舒适度,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)比较2组患者的疼痛感受,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)比较2组患者干预前后睡眠质量的变化,并比较2组患者并发症发生率。结果:干预后,观察组OPCQ各条目评分及总分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后12 h、48 h时,2组VAS评分均有所降低,且观察组术后12 h、48 h时评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后2 d及3 d时,2组患者PSQI评分均有所降低,且观察组显著低于对照组,(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组体位并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:直肠癌术后实施分阶段体位安置,可提高患者术中体位舒适度,改善术后疼痛感及睡眠质量,降低体位并发症风险,值得推广应用。

胰腺癌疼痛治疗的研究进展

胰腺癌是一种发病隐匿、进展迅速、治疗效果及预后极差的消化道恶性肿瘤,也是全世界排名第11大最常见癌症。疼痛是胰腺癌的主要症状之一,严重影响病人生活质量。目前胰腺癌疼痛治疗应用最为广泛的是药物镇痛。有创操作治疗主要包括腹腔神经、内脏大小神经丛毁损和鞘内给药,可显著降低疼痛,应考虑在癌痛早期阶段应用。本文综合分析了目前临床上胰腺癌疼痛治疗方法,为胰腺癌病人疼痛的最佳治疗方式的选择提供参考。

认知-心理-疼痛维度专项护理在晚期胰腺癌疼痛患者中的应用研究

目的探讨认知-心理-疼痛维度专项护理在晚期胰腺癌疼痛患者中的临床价值。方法选取2022年1月至2023年4月该院收治的晚期胰腺癌患者94例,采取随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,每组47例。对照组给予常规干预,观察组在对照组基础上联合认知-心理-疼痛维度专项护理。比较2组干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、数字疼痛评分法(NRS)、Morisky用药依从性量表8条目中文版(MMAS-8)及欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C3)评分。结果2组干预前SDS、SAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组干预后SDS、SAS评分低于治疗前,且观察组各指标低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组干预前NRS、MMAS-8评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组干预后NRS、MMAS-8评分优于治疗前,且观察组各指标优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组EORTC QLQ-C3各项评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组EORTC QLQ-C3各项评分高于治疗前,且观察组各指标高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对晚期胰腺癌患者实施认知-心理-疼痛维度专项护理不仅能有效改善其焦虑、抑郁情绪与疼痛症状,还能提高其用药依从性及生活质量。

直肠癌新辅助治疗后病理完全缓解预测的MRI研究进展

新辅助放化疗(nCRT)、全直肠系膜切除术和术后辅助化疗是局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)的标准化治疗方式。部分患者经过nCRT后可达到病理完全缓解(pCR),可采取局部切除或非手术治疗。因此,在术前准确预测LARC患者能否达到pCR对指导治疗决策至关重要。高分辨率盆腔MRI具有良好的软组织分辨率,已成为临床中nCRT后疗效评估的首选影像学方法。因此,本文对常规MRI、功能性MRI及MRI影像组学等MRI影像学预测pCR的相关研究进展进行综述。

癌痛药物临床使用中面临的伦理问题探讨

癌痛药物在恶性肿瘤引起的疼痛治疗中具有举足重轻的作用,尤其是阿片类药物,但在我国其使用量仍处于不足的水平,因此,在临床使用中仍面临着严峻的问题,如疼痛药物治疗与成瘾伦理风险、癌痛药物治疗的错误认知、癌痛药物治疗经济负担与资源分配不公、医患沟通不足与侵犯患者自主权和知情同意权等伦理问题。为了有效规避伦理风险,规范癌痛药物的临床应用,提出医患应正确认识疼痛和镇痛药物的作用和风险、平衡疼痛药物治疗和成瘾伦理风险的关系、合理处理患者自主权和知情同意等,在合理合法的基础上,为患者制定个体化的镇痛方案。

腹腔镜下低位直肠癌保肛术对老年低位直肠癌患者疼痛因子、应激反应指标及肠道功能的影响

目的:观察腹腔镜下低位直肠癌保肛术对老年低位直肠癌患者疼痛因子、应激反应指标及肠道功能的影响。方法:选择2022年1月—2023年1月枣庄市立医院收治的100例老年低位直肠癌患者作为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=50)。对照组予以传统腹会阴联合切除术治疗,观察组予以腹腔镜下低位直肠癌保肛术治疗。比较两组疼痛因子、应激反应指标及肠道功能情况。结果:观察组术后1 d神经肽(NPY)及前列腺素E2(PGE2)低于对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d皮质醇(Cor)、醛固酮(ALD)、丙二醇(MDA)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后3个月肛管最大耐受容量(MTV)、肛管最大收缩压(MSP)、肛管静息压(ARP)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后3个月纪念斯隆—凯特林癌症中心(MSKCC)肠道功能问卷、癌症患者生活质量量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下低位直肠癌保肛术对老年低位直肠癌患者疼痛因子、应激反应指标具有调节作用,能促进患者术后肠道功能恢复和提高生活质量。

经回肠双襻造口远端灌肠对术前肠镜及术后肠功能恢复的影响

目的探讨经回肠双襻造口远端灌肠对术前肠镜检查及术后肠道功能的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2021年12月于福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院行腹腔镜直肠前切除术+预防性回肠双襻造口的患者191例,根据灌肠方式不同将其分为顺行组(n=97)和逆行组(n=94);顺行组患者经临时性回肠双襻造口远端灌肠,逆行组患者经肛门灌肠。比较两组患者的肠镜合格率、肠黏膜外力损伤率、排气时间、排便时间、进食流质时间、总住院时间、住院总费用和满意度。结果顺行组患者的术前肠镜合格率显著高于逆行组,肠黏膜外力损伤率显著低于逆行组(P<0.05);顺行组患者的术后排气时间、进食流质时间、住院总时间均显著短于逆行组(P<0.05);顺行组患者的住院总费用显著低于逆行组(P<0.05);顺行组患者的满意度显著高于逆行组(89.69%vs.52.13%,Z=–7.165,P<0.001)。结论经回肠双襻造口远端灌肠可提高术前肠镜检查合格率,有利于术后肠功能恢复,减轻患者痛苦,患者的满意度及舒适性更高,值得临床推广应用。