At the Juncture of China's Entry to WTO, An Overall Development of Foreign Economic Relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC

The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCChas now developed to be a specialorganization with a solid economicstrength and enterprise group superiority,which is based on the large-scale andmodernized agriculture, and guided

A Successful Piggyback Microgravity Experiment Carried out by China for Japan

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Silk Road Youth Admire China

Young music lovers from the BRI participating countries use music as a way to promote peopletopeople exchanges and carry forward the ancient spirit of the Silk Road in the modern era.

基于FPGA的单光子时间数字转换器设计

针对单光子计数器对高速飞行光子时间测量的高分辨率要求,传统的TDC在时间测量上存在误差较大的不足。本文设计了一种利用FPGA内部逻辑延迟单元Carry4级联构建延迟链的TDC。该方法首先使用子链平均的方式进行数据采样,避免数据“气泡”。其次,结合码密度测试和bin-by-bin校准将各级延迟单元宽度校准至接近均匀宽度,提高系统的测量精度。最后,通过Vivado软件仿真并烧录至ZYNQ7000进行板级测试,实验结果表明,该TDC能够在3 ns的动态时间范围内实现时间分辨率10.91 ps,差分非线性(DNL)范围为[-0.75,1.01]LSB,积分非线性(INL)范围为[-1.74,2.19]LSB。

Clustering of voltage-gated ion channels as an evolutionary trigger of myelin formation

Neurons carry apical dendrites that perceive information and a basal axon that transmits the computed information towards its to rgets.The axon originates at the axon hillock which is followed by the axon initial segment.Here,action potentials are initiated that are based on millisecond long openings of specific voltagegated sodium and potassium channels that are conserved in all parahoxozoa(Placozoa,Cnidaria,Bilateria)(Li et al.,2015).

Shallow sub-lakes are essential for sustaining the successful wintering of waterbirds in Poyang Lake,China

For migratory waterbirds,the quality of wintering habitat is related to spring migration and successful breeding in the next year.The availability of food resources in the habitat is critical and varies within water levels.Although the water-level fluctuations in Poyang Lake have been extremely variable interannually in recent years,the wintering waterbird populations have remained relatively stable.Hence,the mechanism of maintaining the stability is worth exploring.This study aimed to compare the distribution of vegetation and herbivorous wa-terbirds in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017,focusing on three shallow sub-lakes and one main lake are.The results showed that the emergence of tubers and the growth of Carex spp.provided a continuous food supply and habitat for wintering waterbirds with a gradual decline in the water level.Shallow sub-lakes supported almost all of the tuber-eating waterbirds(1.42-1.62×10^(5))and most geese(1.34-1.53×10^(6)).However,the main lake area,covered with Persicaria hydropiper,did not provide adequate and accessible food.This resulted in almost no distribution of tuber-eating waterbirds,with only a few geese congregating in early winter.Our results demonstrated that the shallow sub-lakes under human control provided a different environment from the main lake and are key to sustaining the successful wintering of hundreds of thousands of migratory waterbirds in Poyang Lake.Therefore,we recommend refining the anthropogenic management of the shallow sub-lakes to regulate the water level to ensure the carrying capacity of Poyang Lake.

Experimental Exclusion of Guanaco Grazing Increases Cover, Diversity, Land Function and Plant Recruitment in Patagonia

Semiarid Patagonia represents 25%of the rangeland area in Argentina,and sheep overgrazing has degraded about a third of it in the past.In this century,depleted domestic stocks have mostly stabilized,but Guanaco populations have grown.These native camelids share habitat and diets with sheep,but their effect on vegetation is poorly understood and has long been debated.We set up an exclusion experiment in Monte León and Cañadón Vaca,a semiarid shrubland grassland in southern Patagonia,currently grazed only by guanacos.Vegetation baselines were studied in 2016 in twelve plots,and half of them were protected from guanaco grazing.Thirty-six plots were cleared to study revegetation.Vegetation was reassessed in 2021,and changes were evaluated using a paired t-test.Within protected plots,vegetation cover increased,bare soil diminished,and vegetated patches grew in size,but the density of the patch-interpatch arrangement did not change.Biodiversity,measured by richness and the Shan-non-Wiener(SW)index,grew significantly.Nutrient recycling increased,as did the Stability and Infiltration Land Function indexes,although these last differences were not significant.Vegetation cover under guanaco grazing also increased,mainly due to the growth of dwarf shrubs,a typical tendency in sheep grazing-induced transitions in the region.Vegetated patches under grazing fragmented,resulting in smaller patches and denser patch struc-tures,while diversity and land function indexes remained unchanged.Young plants established in cleared plots without guanacos showed higher cover density and individual size.These effects are similar to those observed in numerous experimental sheep exclosures.Guanaco grazing may thus prevent restoration and contribute to the generalized land degradation processes that overgrazing has been causing in Patagonia for over a century.

Carrying Capacity and Coupling Coordination of Water and Land Resources Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas: A Case Study of Yulin City, China

Quantitatively assessing the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems in arid and semi-arid areas is crucial for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.In this work,taking Yulin City in China as a case study and employing the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,a modified model of coupling degree was developed to evaluate the car-rying capacity of water and land resources systems endowment and utilization,as well as their coupling coordination degree from 2013 to 2020.Our findings indicate that the water and land resources of Yulin are diminishing due to declines in agriculture,higher industrial water use,and wetland shrinkage.However,reallocating domestic water for ecological sustainability and reducing sloping farmland can mitigate this trend of decline.Temporally,as the coupling coordination between water and land resources system endowment in Yulin continuously improved,the coupling coordination between water and land resources system utilization first decreased and then in-creased with 2016 as the turning point.Spatially,the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems,the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system endowment,and the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system utilization in Yulin exhibited the same pattern of being higher in the six northern counties than in the six southern counties.Improving the water resources endowment is vital for the highly efficient use of water and land resources.

A NovelMethod for Determining Tourism Carrying Capacity in a Decision-Making Context Using q−Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Hypersoft Environment

Tourism is a popular activity that allows individuals to escape their daily routines and explore new destinations for various reasons,including leisure,pleasure,or business.A recent study has proposed a unique mathematical concept called a q−Rung orthopair fuzzy hypersoft set(q−ROFHS)to enhance the formal representation of human thought processes and evaluate tourism carrying capacity.This approach can capture the imprecision and ambiguity often present in human perception.With the advanced mathematical tools in this field,the study has also incorporated the Einstein aggregation operator and score function into the q−ROFHS values to supportmultiattribute decision-making algorithms.By implementing this technique,effective plans can be developed for social and economic development while avoiding detrimental effects such as overcrowding or environmental damage caused by tourism.A case study of selected tourism carrying capacity will demonstrate the proposed methodology.

Trip to China July 2024

I recently got the opportunity to visit China to attend a seminar organized by the China Counsel for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT),for participants from the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)countries.The purpose of the seminar was to invite the delegates from BRI countries,and give them firsthand experience of the Chinese development miracle by introducing them to Chinese history,its governance methodology and how it has managed to carry out its significant progress in the last three decades,for example,by following policies that facilitated entrepreneurship,and providing businesses the right kind of platform.

The Quest for Haven in Sister Carrie

This essay analyses Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie through the lens of cultural studies,examining the portrayal of domesticity and the quest for an ideal home in late-nineteenth-century America.It explores the complex relationships between the main characters,Carrie and Hurstwood,and their families,as well as their struggles with materialism and alienation.Through close analysis of societal context,the characters’familial backgrounds and emotional yearnings,the essay delves into the characters’longing for stability and belonging and their journey toward understanding the true essence of dwelling amidst the changing urban landscape.It argues that Dreiser’s novel critiques the superficial pursuit of material comforts and highlights the importance of introspection and self-discovery in finding lasting happiness amidst societal turmoil.Ultimately,through the prism of domesticity,the essay delves into broader themes of identity,belonging,and existential fulfillment in a heartless society marked by materialism and alienation.

A Special Fund for the Protection of International Cultural Heritage:Wanli Tea Road

On January 22,the signing ceremony of the Wanli Tea Road Special Fund for the Protection of International Cultural Heritage jointly initiated by the Wanli Tea Collaboration of the Chinese Culture Promotion Association,and Hainan Asian Culture and Arts Foundation was held in Beijing.This fund will be used to organise activities featuring art,design and public welfare that are related to the Wanli Tea Road,including the Wanli Tea Road International Cultural Forum and the Wanli Tea Road International Artistic Creation Project,carry out preservation of the Wanli Tea Road international cultural heritage,and support the bidding of"Wanli Tea Road"for the World Cultural Heritage.

2024 ‘Happy Chinese New Year’ Tour Performance in 4 European Countries by China National Opera & Dance Drama Theater

During the Chinese New Year of 2024,China National Opera&Dance Drama Theater was invited to Hungary,Sweden,Denmark and Norway to carry out the 2024"Happy Chinese NewYear"tour performance.China National Opera&Dance Drama Theater sent a visiting team composed of 29 artists to touch the hearts of overseas audiences with the art of ethnic singing and dancing and the deep charm of the Chinese culture,and to spread the essence of the Chinese culture in the dialogue with the world.

Investigation on the Radial Micro-motion about Piston of Axial Piston Pump

The limit working parameters and service life of axial piston pump are determined by the carrying ability and lubrication characteristic of its key friction pairs. Therefore, the design and optimization of the key friction pairs are always a key and difficult problem in the research on axial piston pump. In the traditional research on piston/cylinder pair, the assembly relationship of piston and cylinder bore is simplified into ideal cylindrical pair, which can not be used to analyze the influences of radial micro-motion of piston on the distribution characteristics of oil-film thickness and pressure in details. In this paper, based on the lubrication theory of the oil film, a numerical simulation model is built, taking the influences of roughness, elastic deformation of piston and pressure-viscosity effect into consideration. With the simulation model, the dynamic characteristics of the radial micro-motion and pressure distribution are analyzed, and the relationships between radial micro-motion and carrying ability, lubrication condition, and abrasion are discussed. Furthermore, a model pump for pressure distribution measurement of oil film between piston and cylinder bore is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results of pressure distribution shows that the simulation model has high accuracy. The experiment and simulation results demonstrate that the pressure distribution has peak values that are much higher than the boundary pressure in the piston chamber due to the radial micro-motion, and the abrasion of piston takes place mainly on the hand close to piston ball. In addition, improvement of manufacturing roundness and straightness of piston and cylinder bore is helpful to improve the carrying ability of piston/cylinder pair. The proposed research provides references for designing piston/cylinder pair, and helps to prolong the service life of axial piston pump.

Dynamic model for internally carried air-launched rocket

For rigid-flexible coupling multi-body with variable topology,such as the system of internally carried air-launched or heavy cargo airdrop,in order to construct a dynamic model with unified form,avoid redundancy in the modeling process and make the solution independent,a method based on the equivalent rigidization model was proposed.It divides a system into independent subsystems by cutting off the joints,of which types are changed with the operation process of the system.And models of different subsystems can be constructed via selecting suitable modeling methods.Subsystem models with flexible bodies are on the basis of the equivalent rigidization model which replaces the flexible bodies with the virtual rigid bodies.And the solution for sanction,which is based on the constraints force algorithm(CFA)and vector mechanics,can be independent on the state equations.The internally carried air-launched system was taken as an example for verifying validity and feasibility of the method and theory.The dynamic model of aircraft-rocket-parachute system in the entire phase was constructed.Comparing the modeling method with the others,the modeling process was programmed;and form of the model is unified and simple.The model,method and theory can be used to analyze other similar systems such as heavy cargo airdrop system and capsule parachute recovery system.

A model to assess fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island ecosystem:A case study in the southern Miaodao Archipelago of China

Research on carrying capacity, aiming at maintaining the limited ability of the Earth＇s life supporting system to sustain human development, requires a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach to monitor and assess the localized sustainability of coupled social and ecological systems. A definition termed the ecosystem-based carrying capacity of island（EBCCI） was developed in this paper of which the indices of fundamental and realized carrying capacities of island（FCCI and RCCI） were highlighted to emphasize the inter-dependencies between social systems and ecological systems. In order to avoid the difficulties and uncertainties of direct assessment, the related assessment model was established on the basis of synthetic evaluation of inherent and external factors affecting the EBCCI. The southern Miaodao Archipelago（SMA） located in the intersection of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, China, was taken as a typical example to acquire integrated recognition of the island ecosystem and its carrying capacity so as to discuss its sustainable development. The index scores of FCCI and RCCI in the SMA were 0.818 5 and 0.712 9 out of 1.0, respectively, with acceptable uncertainties. The results showed a relatively well capacity to sustain progress and relatively well realization of the carrying capacity of island ecosystem, owing to a well capacity of ecologically regulating, general performance of both ecologically supporting and resource provisioning, and a relatively high level of social supporting system. The study implied that it was critical to optimize the inter-dependencies and to sustain the relative balance between social systems and ecological systems so as to improve the RCCI and further facilitate the sustainability of SMA. The approach proposed in this paper provides a powerful tool which is well applicative to the regional level of an oceanic island or archipelago to study the sustainable development and can be further popularized to the coastal zone.

Exploration of the dynamic water resource carrying capacity of the Keriya River Basin on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert,China

The water resource carrying capacity(WRCC)in river basin changes dynamically under climate change,economic development,and technological advancement.Climate change affects hydrological processes and spatial/temporal distribution of water resources;while economic develo-ment and technological advancement can also affect the balance of water resources systems.Under climate change,economic development,and technological advancement,itis of great significance to explore the dynamic behavior of WRCC in river basins.This will help to alleviate water resources security issues and build a sustainable water resources system.This study was carried out to evaluate the dynamic WRCC using the"climate,economics,and technology-control objective inversion mode",which used total water consumption,water-use efficiency,and restrained total pollutant control in the water functional area as boundary conditions.This study was conducted on the Keriya River Basin,a sub-catchment located in southem margin of the Taklimakan Desert.The WRCC in the Keriya River Basin in 2015 was calculated,and the trends in the short term(2020),middle tem(2030),and long term(2050)were predicted.The results revealed that climate change factors have a positive effect on WRCC in the Keriya River Basin,which leads to an increase in total water resources.Economic and technological development exhibits an overall positive effect,while increasing in water consumption and sewage discharge exhibit a negative effect.

Borana rangeland of southern Ethiopia:Estimating biomass production and carrying capacity using field and remote sensing data

Assessing rangeland productivity is critical to reduce ecological degradation and promote sustainable livestock management.Here,we estimated biomass productivity and carrying capacity dynamics in the Borana rangeland of southern Ethiopia by using field-based data and remote sensing data(i.e.,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)).Data was collected from both rainy and dry seasons when biomass production was high and low respectively.Results of linear regression showed that both biomass production(R^(2)_(adj)=0.672)and NDVI value(R^(2)_(adj)=0.471)were significantly decreased from 1990 to 2019.Field data and NDVI values for mean annual biomass showed a significant linear relationship.The model accuracy in the annual relationship between the observed and predicted biomass values was strong(R^(2)_(adj)=0.986)but with high standard error,indicating that the observed biomass production in the rangeland area was not in good condition as compared with the predicted one.This study suggests that,using NDVI data and field-based data in combined way has high potential to estimate rangeland biomass and carrying capacity dynamics at extensively grazed arid and semi-arid rangelands.And to use for estimating stoking rates and predicting future management techniques for decision making.

Herbivory of sympatric elk and cattle on Lincoln National Forest,south-central New Mexico

Background： Wildlife and livestock grazing are important products of forest ecosystems, but can be controversial. Herbivory by North American elk and domestic cattle is a contentious management issue throughout western North America, often driving management proposals to decrease cattle and elk numbers based on perceived overutilization of forages. Such observations are often site level rather than landscape, and may confuse ecological sustainability with desired conditions. Methods： We used line transects to document vegetation composition, structure, and grazing and browsing utilization for 4 key habitat types： mountain meadows, aspen, thinned conifer, and burned conifer on Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, USA. We documented relative habitat use of these types by elk, mule deer, and cattle and modeled relative use on residual grass biomass of mountain meadows and browse utilization of forested types. We determined diets and diet quality of elk and cattle to assess degree of competition. Results： Use of grasses in meadows was below management thresholds, and combined elk, cattle, and deer relative habitat use accounted for 〈 14 % of the variance in residual stubble height of Poa protensis, the most abundant grass. Palatable browse was limited in habitat types （〈 107 stems.ha^-1）, use was generally high, and elk presence was correlated with the majority of browsing. Elk and cattle diets did not significantly overlap （Schoener＇s index 0.54-0.57）; elk fed primarily on deciduous shrubs （34 %-55 % of annual diets） and cattle on grass （72 %-77 %）. Digestibility and crude protein levels of cattle diets and body condition of elk indicated high quality diets for cattle and marginal-good quality diets for elk. Conclusions： At observed stocking levels and densities, cattle and elk were not competing for forage based on diet similarity, nor were key habitat types being used beyond sustainable levels. Low browse availability indicates that opportunity exists to increase forage availability on Lincoln National Forest, and thus maintain or increase populations without increasing impacts to plant communities. Management actions that address increased stand densities and forest encroachment of meadows, a result of altered historical disturbance regimes, could increase distribution, quantity, and quality of forage.

Editor’s Note on “Frontier Outlook” Column

In this issue,we are pleased to carry on the theme of Frontier Outlook(https://doi.org/10.1002/eem^(2).12313)to publish the invited contribution“The Transference Number”from Prof.Balsara and colleagues.As one of the“triad properties”required to fully describe an electrolyte(i.e.,conductivity,diffusivity,and transference number),the last proved to be the most challenging quantity that can be accurately and reliably determined,as evidenced by the widely scattered data from different techniques。