Comparative analysis of interdecadal precipitation variability over central North China and sub Saharan Africa

The interdecadal variability of precipitation over sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and central North China (CNC) is examined and compared in this study. Previous studies have found that the two regions have similar interdecadal dry–wet evolution in the past 100 years. The results show obvious decadal precipitation fluctuations in the two regions. In CNC, a persistent negative precipitation anomaly is detected from the early 1970s to the 2000s. In SSA, a negative precipitation anomaly is apparent since the late 1970s, while a distinct upward trend is found since the 1990s although the precipitation anomaly is still negative. Significant correlation is found between the decadal precipitation anomalies in SSA and the SST modes (Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)), as well as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), while in CNC the decadal precipitation is influenced by the NAO and PDO. The EOF results show that the total explained variance of the first four EOFs in SSA is smaller than that of CNC. The fourth and third modes in SSA are significantly associated with the AMO and PDO respectively, while the first, third, and fourth modes are significantly associated with the NAO. The first mode in CNC is significantly associated with the NAO. The first mode of the precipitation anomaly in SSA fluctuates out of phase with that in CNC, while in-phase changes are apparent among the third and the fourth modes.

Comparison of trends and frequencies of drought in central North China and sub- Saharan Africa from 1901 to 2010

This study compares the trends and frequencies of drought between central North China(CNC) and(SSA) for the periods 1901–2010 and 1951–2010. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) and Self-Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index(sc-PDSI) are used to assess the drought trends and frequencies. In general, the results exhibit downward trends of drought index values and upward trends of drought frequencies over CNC and SSA. A high rate of the trends' slopes for the drought index and a low rate of the frequencies' slopes is found over CNC with respect to SPEI and sc-PDSI. Furthermore, some abrupt changes are revealed after applying the sequential Mann–Kendall test to detect change points. These findings offer insight into the trends and frequencies of drought over the regions studied. Further analysis needs to be undertaken to understand the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of drought in these areas.

Influence of the Asian-Pacific Oscillation on Spring Precipitation over Central Eastern China

The linkage between the Asian-Pacific oscillation （APO） and the precipitation over central eastern China in spring is preliminarily addressed by use of the observed data. Results show that they correlate very well, with the positive （negative） phase of APO tending to increase （decrease） the precipitation over central eastern China. Such a relationship can be explained by the atmospheric circulation changes over Asia and the North Pacific in association with the anomalous APO. A positive phase of APO, characterized by a positive anomaly over Asia and a negative anomaly over the North Pacific in the upper-tropospheric temperature, corresponds to decreased low-level geopotential height （H） and increased high-level H over Asia, and these effects are concurrent with increased low-level H and decreased high-level H over the North Pacific. Meanwhile, an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere are introduced in East Asia, and the low-level southerly wind is strengthened over central eastern China. These changes provide advantageous conditions for enhanced precipitation over central eastern China. The situation is reversed in the negative phase of APO, leading to reduced precipitation in this region.

Diagnostic Analysis on a Regional Rainstorm Weather in North-central Henan Province

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. [Method] Based on the conventional meteorological observation data and the rainfall data of Henan Meteorological Station, the diagnostic analysis of atmospheric thermodynamics and dynamics on a rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province on July 19, 2010 was carried out. The characteristics of physical quantity field and the evolution of weather situation in north-central Henan Province when the rainstorm happened were studied. [Result] Western Pacific subtropical high strengthened to extend westward. The dynamic uplifting of low vortex at the middle and low layers, the strong water vapor transportation of southwest low-level jet caused the regional rainstorm weather process in north-central Henan Province. The diagnostic results of physical quantity showed that the deep, thick wet layer and the sustained water vapor convergence provided the abundant water vapor for rainstorm generation. The positive vorticity advection center developed and spread from northwest to southeast, which was favorable for the development of vertical movement. The structure maintenance of positive vorticity at the middle and low layers, negative vorticity at the middle and high levels provided the power condition for the regional rainstorm generation. The pumping effect of convergence at the middle and low layers, divergence at the high layer was favorable for the strengthening of vertical ascending motion at the low layer. The uplifting effect of dew point front at the middle and low layers triggered the release of unstable energy. The confrontation of warm and cold air was one of the important reasons for the regional rainstorm. TBB characteristic analysis showed that TBB was from -60 to -50 ℃ in north-central Henan Province in the whole strong precipitation time, and the moving speed was equivalent to that of southwest vortex. The low-value belt of TBB corresponded with the rainstorm occurrence zone in Henan, and the minimum-value center of TBB was basically consistent with the strongest center of precipitation. [Conclusion] The research provided the scientific basis for the short-term forecast of rainstorm.

基于分子标记的白蜡树属椒叶梣组系统发育及谱系地理格局形成

木犀科白蜡树属椒叶梣组(Fraxinus sect. Sciadanthus)由自然分布于中国中部的对节白蜡(Fraxinus hupehensis S.Z.Qu,C.B.Shang&P.L.Su)、喜马拉雅西部的椒叶梣(Fraxinusxanthoxyloides(G.Don)DC.)和非洲北部的Fraxinus dimorpha 3个物种组成,呈现出特殊的间断分布模式,目前该组的起源和演化过程尚不清楚。利用ITS、psbA-trnH、rpl32-trnL和matK 4个标记对白蜡树属42个物种间的系统发育关系进行分析,结果表明:(1)利用ITS序列构建的贝叶斯系统树支持Wallander的分类方法,即属内再分成6个组,对节白蜡、椒叶梣和F. dimorpha都属于椒叶梣组,且该组与欧梣组(sect. Fraxinus)的亲缘关系最近,形成姐妹组;(2)椒叶梣可能是F. dimorpha与欧亚种的杂交后代;(3)BEAST分化时间图显示,白蜡树属最早起源于42.05 Ma,椒叶梣组最早分化于21.86 Ma,对节白蜡最早分化于11.87 Ma。青藏高原的快速隆起可能是导致椒叶组物种间断分布的重要原因,对节白蜡和椒叶梣可能是其影响下的孑遗植物。

1949年华北解放区南下干部集中整训之研究

抽调大批干部南下是中共中央为夺取全国胜利而制定的重大战略决策,华北解放区的干部南下工作则构成全国“南下”战略中的关键性环节。在南下干部的动员、抽调等工作完成之后,华北解放区下辖各区的南下干部分别在石家庄、武安、菏泽、威县、开平和正定等地开展了为期一个月左右的集中整训。此次集中整训目标明确,兼顾思想性与实用性,为南下干部适应从北方到南方、从老区到新区、从乡村到城市的工作实践转移奠定了基础。华北解放区南下干部集中整训过程中的组织整编、学习教育和军事训练,亦暗含着中国共产党理论与实践相结合、常规与运动相融合的干部生成与养成机制。

Permian Tectonic Evolution in the Middle Part of Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Evidence from Newly Identified Volcanic Rocks in the Bilutu Area, Inner Mongolia

In this study, zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical and Lu-Hf isotopic data are presented for the newly identified volcanic rocks which were considered as Bainaimiao group in Bainaimiao Arc Belt(BAB), Inner Mongolia, which could provide important constraints on the evolution of the northern part of North China Block(NCB) and BAB. Basalt to basaltic andesite and andesite to dacite were collected from two sections, which showed eruption ages of 278.2±4.1 Ma and 258.3±3.0 Ma respectively. All samples are characterized by high abundances in Al2O3, LREEs, and LILEs, but depleted in HFSEs. Together with high Mg# ratios and low K/tholeiite to calc-alkaline series, these features indicated that basalt to andesite was likely derived from relatively low degree partial melting of the subduction-fluid related mantle in the spinel phase. And dacite was mainly from the partial melting of crust, then affected by mantle. All samples barely went through fractional crystallization process with the slight Eu anomaly. Compared with the contemporary basalt in NCB, rocks in BAB have a complex composition of zircon and a more positive εHf(t) value(-6.6-6.4), indicating that they had different magma sources of rocks. Though with different basements, NCB and BAB have become an integrated whole before 278 Ma. Therefore, it could be concluded that NCB and BAB belonged to the active continental margin and the PAO had not closed yet until late Permian and then it disappeared gradually and the CAOB developed into a condition of syn-post collision.

山西义兴寨金矿床铁塘硐矿段原生晕地球化学与深部找矿预测

义兴寨金矿床是山西省规模最大的金矿床,其深部成矿潜力如何及是否发育隐伏矿体,是矿山亟待解决的实际问题。在对成矿特征、控矿因素和矿床成因有比较全面认识的基础上,采用矿床原生晕地球化学法对义兴寨金矿床铁塘硐矿段开展了深部找矿预测研究。原生晕异常显示,在6勘探线深部400~550 m标高和0 m标高附近存在2个主要Au异常中心,且0 m标高附近金矿化规模最大,异常区即推测矿体范围。原生晕元素轴向分带序列自上而下为:Sb-Mn-Mo-W-Ni-B-Sn-P-Au-Hg-Cr-Co-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Bi-As-Ba。因此,认为铁塘硐矿段深部具有很好的成矿潜力,推测在深部-400~-500 m标高附近区域存在规模较大的富矿段。预测成果得到了近期布置钻探工程的验证,新增金资源量8 t,为进一步深部找矿工作提供了可靠支撑。

Gold-bearing formations and their evolution in central Inner Mongolia

In central Inner Mongolia, five gold bearing formations (Xiajining, Dongwufenzi, Wulashan, Baiyunebo and Bainaimiao Groups) belong either to volcano sedimentation or clasolite sedimentation. They formed in different tectonic environments such as an Archean rift zone (Xiajining and Dongwufenzi Groups), an Early Proterozoic stable basin (Wulashan Group), a Middle to Late Proterozoic continental rift zone (Baiyunebo Group), and a Paleozoic island arc environment (Bainaimiao Group). Gold contents in the gold bearing formations in the area are higher than those of other gold bearing formations in the North China Craton. However, as most gold bearing formations in the area are limited, there are a few big gold deposits in central Inner Mongolia. Gold contents in all formations were strongly influenced by migmatization and ductile shearing, the former process prompting mobilization, and the latter process resulting in gold enrichment in ductile shear zones. During the development of Archean to Proterozoic gold bearing formations, gold migrated from the mantle to the crust, then through the crust, finally deposited at the earth’s surface.

银屑病患者中医体质类型地区差异性分析

目的了解不同地区银屑病患者中医体质类型分布的差异性,为本地区银屑病预防及治疗提供新思路和方法。方法选择天津市中医药研究院附属医院、沈阳市第七人民医院和武汉市第一医院收治的银屑病患者进行中医体质类型的流行病学调查,填写“中医体质分类量表”,采用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件分析华北地区银屑病患者中医体质类型。结果共入选1740例患者,男性985例,女性755例。华北地区500例、东北地区740例和华中地区500例。不同地区的银屑病患者中医体质类型的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论银屑病患者中医体质类型与其所处的地域位置相关,临床医生要依据其具体的体质类型进行辨证论治,指导治疗用药。

华北克拉通中西部地壳S波速度结构及其地质意义

华北克拉通是世界上最古老的克拉通之一.我们利用布设于华北中部的ChinArray计划461个宽频带地震台阵的连续波形资料,基于背景噪声成像技术,获得了克拉通中西部5~45 s的Rayleigh波群速度频散曲线,并利用线性反演方法获得了研究区地壳上地幔顶部的S波速度结构.密集流动地震台阵使我们能够揭示研究区精细的地壳上地幔顶部速度变化,以深入探讨华北克拉通中西部深部结构及其对岩浆和地震的控制作用.8 km深度的S波速度切片显示低速与高速异常分别与地表的盆地和山脉对应良好.不同经度和纬度方向的S波速度剖面均表明,西部克拉通地壳大致可以分为上、中、下地壳三层.克拉通西部鄂尔多斯块体的下地壳S波速度介于3.7~3.8 km·s^(-1),暗示其下地壳以长英质岩石为主.大同火山区下方的S波低速异常从中地壳延伸至上地幔顶部,推测源自软流圈的地幔热流提供了近垂直的主干上涌通道,并控制了该区新生代岩浆活动.强震集中分布在上地壳高速体内部或高低速相间区,其下地壳乃至上地幔顶部都呈现明显的低速异常,推测源自上地幔/下地壳的深部热流沿地壳尺度的陡深断裂上侵,诱发上覆高应力刚性块体发生蠕动破裂与应力释放,进而诱发大震.

索伦-西拉木伦缝合带中段及周边区域面波层析成像

索伦-西拉木伦缝合带中段及周边区域先后经历了古生代古亚洲洋闭合、中生代蒙古鄂霍茨克洋闭合和中新生代太平洋俯冲等构造复合叠加,导致该区深部构造异常复杂。本研究从该区近年来累积的宽频地震探测资料的地震面波和环境噪音互相关格林函数中提取瑞雷波群速度频散,并据此反演区域尺度的三维横波速度。结果发现:区域地壳厚度横向变化不大,松辽盆地和下辽河盆地地壳比大兴安岭薄,地壳厚度与地形吻合表明这些地区基本达到重力均衡状态;而辽东隆起和渤海湾盆地地壳厚度与地形高度呈反相关,表明这些地区可能仍处于构造改造过程中。在80 km深度之下,波速分布则呈现与索伦-西拉木伦缝合带走向近似平行的东西向展布。以索伦-西拉木伦缝合带为界,南北两侧横波速分布复杂程度明显不同且南侧的东西两部分复杂程度也不同。这些结果表明区域受太平洋俯冲体系冲破坏程度存在明显差异,同时索伦-西拉木伦缝合带以南可能仍有古亚洲洋板片残留。

华北地块中部早白垩世富碱侵入岩的成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素制约

本文对华北地块中部早白垩世富碱侵入岩:山西的二峰山霓辉二长岩、塔儿山二长闪长斑岩、狐偃山石英二长岩、万荣石英二长闪长岩和河南的黄龙垴霓辉正长岩、水冶霓霞正长岩、东冶角闪闪长岩进行了岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素分析以及4个侵入岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的测试。结果表明,二峰山、狐偃山、万荣和黄龙垴侵入岩中锆石有两种,多数为自形-半自形晶、内部结构均匀、发育震荡环带和条纹状吸收以及具有相对高Th/U比值(0.13~4.40)的岩浆锆石,其206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为130±1Ma、130±3Ma、127±1Ma和127±2Ma,即富碱侵入岩形成于早白垩世;少量为继承锆石,发育核-边结构,核部呈浑圆状和弱的震荡环带,给出了三叠纪(207~226Ma)和古元古代-新太古代(1791Ma、1979Ma、2088Ma、2370Ma和2559Ma)的年龄;岩石的SiO 2=55.33%~65.00%、MgO=0.21%~7.66%、Mg#=19~62、(Na2O+K2O)=5.89%~14.38%,属于弱碱性-过碱性岩石;富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和重稀土元素,具有明显的Pb正异常和弱的Eu异常;其87Sr/86Sr初始值多数介于0.7049~0.7062之间,εNd(t)值变化于-20.1^-13.3之间,岩浆锆石的Hf同位素组成为εHf(t)=-28.9^-17.4。上述结果结合符山高镁闪长岩及其中地幔橄榄岩包体的研究暗示,华北地块中部早白垩世富碱侵入岩起源于受拆沉陆壳物质熔融的熔体改造的富集岩石圈地幔物质的部分熔融,其形成于古太平洋板块西向俯冲动力学背景下的岩石圈伸展环境。

内蒙古中部索伦林西缝合带封闭时代的古地磁分析

索伦-林西缝合带被认为是华北和西伯利亚地块间中亚洋（或古亚洲洋）最后闭合的界线。利用华北和西伯利亚地块的古地磁数据对比分析，结合相关地质资料，对两地块的碰撞拼合历史，以及位于两地块间相应的中亚洋盆最终闭合时代进行了分析。结果表明：（1）分隔华北和西伯利亚地块的中亚洋在晓泥盆世至晚石炭世期间进一步张开，纬度宽度扩大，大约在早二叠世初期，中亚洋达到最大纬度宽度，约39°；（2）早二叠世以后西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移，二叠纪末期（～250Ma）和华北地块发生碰撞，导致索伦-林西缝合带的形成。

华北与西伯利亚地块碰撞时代的古地磁分析——兼论苏鲁—大别超高压变质作用的构造起因

对华北和西伯利亚地块进行了古纬度和纬度运移量的对比分析,结合古生物地理、同位素年代学等地质数据,确定了两地块的运动特征,相应地,确定了位于两地块间中亚洋盆最终闭合时代,并与苏鲁-大别山地区的超高压变质岩的峰期变质时代进行了对比.结果表明：①西伯利亚地块于晚泥盆世开始快速向北漂移,分隔华北和西伯利亚地块的中亚洋在晚泥盆世至晚石炭世期间已经存在;②早二叠世西伯利亚地块开始快速向南漂移,并于二叠纪末期（～250 Ma）和华北地块发生碰撞;③早二叠世,中亚洋纬度宽度约39°;④苏鲁-大别山地区的超高压变质岩的形成与西伯利亚和华北地块碰撞后的强烈挤压作用密切相关.

华北中部近45a极端降水事件变化特征

利用华北中部41个气象台站1961～2005年逐日降水资料,采用通用的极端气候指数,分析了近45a来华北中部极端降水事件频率变化的时空特征。结果表明:华北中部平均年最大日降水量呈下降趋势,南部平原地区一般减少,北部山地区域多有增加,降水日数有较明显减少,强降水日数和暴雨日数变化趋势不明显,降水日数的减少主要是中、小雨(雪)日数减少造成的。暴雨日数和强度在20世纪90年代中后期显著增加。华北中部强降水日数和暴雨日数在降水日数中的比重有增大趋势,强降水量和暴雨降水量在总降水量中的比重可能也增加了。这种相对增加趋势主要发生在20世纪90年代中期以后。

华北中部太原组火山事件层与煤岩层对比——火山事件层的沉积学研究与展布规律(Ⅰ)

研究了华北中部太原组含煤地层中火山事件层的岩石学识别标志和分布规律．研究结果表明：含煤地层中广泛发育火山事件层．火山事件层的岩石类型以玻屑（沉）凝灰岩、玻屑晶屑（沉）凝灰岩和凝灰质中细粒砂岩为主．火山事件沉积的成因类型以空降－水携复合型和空降型为主．研究区由西向东，火山事件层的赋存层位有上迁的趋势；从东、西两个方向向峰峰地区均远离火山源．西部区和东部区分别对应一个火山源，东部区火山源位于河北康堡、围场一带，西部区火山源位于内蒙古达尔罕明安旗一带．

河南焦作云台山早前寒武纪变质基底锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄

应用离子探针技术,对华北太行山南缘钾长石化长英质副片麻岩和钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩进行了锆石年龄测定。钾长石化长英质副片麻岩的变质原岩为泥砂质碎屑沉积岩,其形成时代很可能为新太古代。碎屑锆石普遍存在强烈铅丢失,靠近上交点的5个数据点207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄为3399Ma±8Ma,代表了物源区组成的时代。钾长石化片麻状奥长花岗岩2组锆石207Pb/206Pb加权平均年龄分别为2511Ma±13Ma(岩体形成时代)和2735Ma±16Ma(残余锆石年龄),分别代表该岩体形成时代和残余锆石年龄。新的资料支持了华北克拉通中部造山带太古宙地质体与其东部陆块存在亲缘关系的认识。

华北地区中部地震精定位与构造应力场研究

选取华北地区中部2008年1月至2012年12月741次地震事件的波形文件,读取P波初动极性以及P、S波震相到时。利用波形互相关技术,精确计算地震对到时差,结合读取出的震相到时数据,采用双差定位法,对这些地震进行了重新定位,获得了468个地震的精确重定位结果。相比于初始结果,精定位结果在平面分布上更为集中,沿断裂带分布特征更明显;深度也更为合理。在新河断裂附近,存在明显的地震集中条带,整体走向约为北偏东35°,通过剖面分析,发现该断裂倾角很高。依据地震精定位获取P波射线参数,利用P波初动极性,采用改进的格点尝试法,计算了区内单个地震震源机制解及小震综合断层面解,并结合已有的应力数据,综合分析了区内构造应力环境。结果表明,华北地区中部现今构造应力场保持稳定,为最大主应力轴北东东—南西西向,最小主应力轴北北西—南南东向的走滑型应力状态。

华北中部太原组火山事件层与煤岩层对比——火山事件层的旋回性与煤岩层对比(Ⅱ)

研究了华北中部太原组火山事件层，结果表明：火山事件期次对应事件层反映的喷发强度变化具有旋回性，一个火山事件旋回对应一次区域构造活动，火山事件旋回具有区域稳定性．籍此以火山事件层旋回划分对比为基础、结合火山事件层的期次分析对比，建立了火山事件等时面．应用火山事件等时面对研究区太原组主要煤岩层进行了对比。