Circumstances of falls and fall-related injuries among frail elderly under home care in China

This exploratory study investigated the circumstances of falls and fall-related injuries among frail elderly people under home care.A convenience sample of 500 frail elderly(60 e99 years old)from the Wanshoulu and Yuyuantan communities in Beijing's Haidian District during February 2013 and March 2014.Fall circumstances and related injuries were characterized by detailed interviews and questionnaires.The article reports the results of a study that the overall fall incidence was 41.5%,and higher for females than males.Falls mainly occurred in individuals who were over 80 years old(50.0%)and indoors(67.9%).The percentage of subjects who experienced a combined injury after the fall was 56.3%,whereas 19.0%fell causes a fracture.Approximately 35%of the subjects were hospitalized,and 27.6%of the subjects recovered more than 30 days.Results indicate that,falls in the frail elderly caused serious damage,and fall-related circumstances should be a great concern in this population.

Nonproliferation under New Circumstances of Counter-Terrorism

Since the end of the Cold War, the non-proliferation work on Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) has gradually become the first priority in the field of arms control and international security. With the unswerving efforts by international community, enormous progress has been made in the construction .

The Relationship between the Typhoon Storm in Fujian and Circulation Circumstances

The cases of landing and impact of the heavy rain of typhoon in Fujian are analyzed. From the research of the mainly weather systems which caused heavy rain and the distribution characteristics of atmospheric circulation situation field, we conclude that on the basis of Fujian special geographical location and terrain, there are four types (easterly jet, warm-type sheer, inverted V-shaped trough of typhoon, westerly trough) are conductive to the circulation patterns of causing the heavy rain of typhoon. Through studying a number of typical model cases of heavy rain of typhoon, we can reveal the mechanism which causes the heavy rain of typhoon by the mostly influencing systems in different circulation backgrounds and the causes of the heavy rain of typhoon.

Re-discussing the content of the prescription rights of midwives under certain circumstances using the Delphi method

Objective： This study sought to investigate the content of the prescription rights and the prescription types of midwives under certain circumstances in China. Methods： The Delphi method was used to consult 18 nursing experts and 14 medical experts, A total of 30 experts finished the consulting. The reliability of the expert opinions was analyzed to determine the specific situations in which midwives may write prescriptions, the content of the prescription rights and the prescription types. Results： In six specific circumstances （uterine contraction fatigue, uterine contractions that are too strong, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of the membranes, normal delivery and neonatal asphyxia）, midwives have the right to prescribe and administer medication, including 20 drugs and 13 auxiliary examinations. Of these drugs and examinations, 51.5% of the drugs and adjuvant examination prescriptions tend to be independent prescriptions, 30.3% tend to be protocol prescriptions, and 18.2% are similar to both types. Conclusions： The midwives should be granted some prescription rights to enhance their autonomy and the professionalism of midwifery.

THE INVESTMENT CIRCUMSTANCES AND ITS CLASSIFICATION APPRAISAL OF CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA

ＴＨＥＩＮＶＥＳＴＭＥＮＴＣＩＲＣＵＭＳＴＡＮＣＥＳＡＮＤＩＴＳＣＬＡＳＳＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＰＰＲＡＩＳＡＬＯＦＣＨＡＮＧＪＩＡＮＧＲＩＶＥＲＤＥＬＴＡＸｕＧａｎｇ（许刚）ＳｈｅＺｈｉｘｉａｎｇ（佘之祥）ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇ...

HEALTH INVESTIGATION ON WOMEN WORKERS LABOURING UNDER THE LOW LEAD DENSITY CIRCUMSTANCES IN A FACTORY (PRECIS)

We have investigated the workers labouring under the law,lead density circumstances and the women workers health throughthe contrasting groups.They work in such a condition that thedensity of low lead is somewhat over the standard.We haveanalysed their biomaterials:sign,symptom,urinelead,C,P,bloodlead,F,E,P,and bloodurine routine,explored partiallythe relation of dosage reaction and the relevant coefficient,

China's Foreign Policy under New Circumstances (Ⅱ)

The Iraq war and the North Korean nuclear crisis are the two big events that are attracting worldwide attention. The many debates and changes that have arisen around the globe from these two issues, with the former in particular, cannot but cause

Innovative Thought of Tendering Management Mechanism of Universities and Colleges in China under New Circumstances ——Taking North China Electric Power University as an Example

Since the reform and opening up, the Chinese government has attached growing importance to education, and has invested more resources and funds into higher education. In addition, the government has also invested large amounts of funds and technologies in the infrastructure construction of universities and colleges. The undertakings related to the infrastructure construction of universities and colleges in China are complicated in essence. Therefore, funds and technologies of the highest standards should be introduced. At the same time, external tendering is necessary for some undertakings. Currently, the tendering model adopted by universities and colleges in China is the traditional, which is ridden with some problems to be resolved in the shortest possible period. This paper focuses on the current problems of the tendering model adopted by universities and colleges and their solutions. Taking the tendering model in the undertakings of North China Electric Power University as an example, it notes setbacks of the traditional tendering model, and provides kind of theoretical support for establishing a new tendering model for universities and colleges and the related enterprises in China.

Opening-up Policy of China under New Circumstances:Objectives,Challenges and Development Trends

Since the implementation of the great strategic decision of reform and opening up made by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of CPC,with more than 30 years’rapid development,China has made world-acknowledged achievements—the economic aggregate and

The Role of Childhood Circumstances in Healthy Aging Inequalities Among Older Adults—China,2011–2020

What is already known about this topic?Addressing health disparities is a worldwide priority,with a well-established acknowledgment of the influence of childhood circumstances on these discrepancies.In China,particularly among the elderly,health inequalities are a notable concern.What is added by this report?The inequality in healthy aging has increased from 2011 to 2020,both in general and concerning childhood factors.Nevertheless,the impact of early-life healthcare access and parental health behaviors on healthy aging gaps has reduced among older adults in better health within the top segment of healthy aging.What are the implications for public health practice?Efforts towards reducing regional health disparities and improving healthcare access for children,along with promoting the health and well-being of parents,especially in economically disadvantaged households,are crucial policy considerations.

Tianxia Qingshi(World Circumstances)in the Political World of Traditional Chinese Scholar Officials:A Case Study of the“Green Sprouts Policy Polemic”in the Early Xining Period of the Northern Song

How to deal with differences is a question that any political body must respond to.The individualist perspective emphasizes that actors will adopt measures to exclude or even eliminate divergent claims in order to gain control over interests power or statutory policy,but the rich experience of traditional Chinese scholar officials offers the possibility of going beyond the limitations of this perspective.The perspective of“tianxia qingshi(world circumstances)”as a new narrative reveals a unique practical logic and dynamic mechanism in Chinese political civilization that have been overlooked by the individualist perspective.The“Green Sprouts policy(qing miao fa)polemic”in the early years of the New Policies era of the Northern Song dynasty(960-1127)presents a historical situation that has not been given full attention by existing research.

Early-Life Circumstances and Cross-Country Disparities in Cognition Among Older Populations — China, the US, and the EU, 2008–2018

What is already known about this topic?Many health challenges have emerged due to rapid population aging,including declined cognitive ability among older adults.What is added by this report?Childhood circumstances have significant and lasting impacts on cognition in old age.This study compared cognition data from China with both the United States(U.S.)and the European Union(EU)during 2008–2018,finding that childhood circumstances could respectively explain 65.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):59.4%,71.4%](China vs.the U.S.)and 38.2%(95%CI:35.1%,41.2%)(China vs.the EU)of the overall differences in cognition among older adults.Family socioeconomic status explained the largest share of differences among all considered childhood circumstances.What are the implications for public health practice?Large disparities in cognition should be addressed by mitigating childhood disadvantages.

第六届中国大学生物理学术竞赛简讯

中国大学生物理学术竞赛（China Undergraduate Physicists’Tournament,简称CUPT）是中国借鉴国际青年物理学家锦标赛（International Young Physicists’Tournament,简称IYPT）模式创办的一项全国性物理类赛事.第六届中国大学生物理学术竞赛于2015年8月19日—24日在国防科学技术大学举行.

对湖北省地质学会发展的思考

Based on the characteristics and developing and utilizing situation of the coal resources in Hubei province, the author has analyzed the key problems in process of the coal resources development and utilization and the coal supply and demand circumstances, and then, advanced seven items of countermeasures in order to alleviate the coal resources shortage in this area.

当代英语中较古的英语成分

从英语发展的历史阶段来看,可分为古英语时期(Old EnglishPeriod,450-1150),中古英语时期(Middle English Period,1150—1450)和现代英语时期(Modern EnglishPeriod)。现代英语时期又分为早期现代英语时期(Early Modern EnglishPeriod,约1450-1700)和晚期现代英语时期(Late Modern English Period,约1700至今)。而当代英语指我们目前正在使用的英语。

The Brief Analysis of Fuzzy Art in Linguistic Communication

Although languages should be precise and clear, the reality is that it is not necessary to speak concisely and precisely in some conditions when we communicate with others. Sometimes if we use direct sentences to express our points of view, we are likely to hurt other people. While an adequate expression in fuzzy words is a good way for us to use which can bring us a harmonious circumstances and good relationship. This article tries to reveal the fact that people use and need fuzzy expressions in their communication indeed though it is not well recognized, it also analyzes the concrete fuzzy art in people's linguistic communication through the functions fuzzy words act.

The eligibility criteria,training content,and scope of practice for prescriptive authority for midwives:a modified Delphi study

Objective:To investigate the necessary eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority for midwives,gather suggestions from experts on training content for prescriptive authority for midwives,and explore the scope of practice of their prescriptive authority in certain circumstances.The results of this study could serve as a reference for the development of policies on prescriptive authority for midwives.Methods:Based on a literature search and semistructured interviews,a modified Delphi method was first used to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation on eligibility criteria and training content for prescriptive authority for midwives.This stage included nursing experts(20)and medical experts(16)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.Subsequently,consultation on the scope of practice of prescriptive authority for midwives was conducted with nursing experts(18)and medical experts(14)engaged in midwifery in many tertiary Grade A hospitals in China.The suggestions from the experts were analyzed using statistical methods to confirm the eligibility criteria for prescriptive authority,training content,circumstances,scope of practice for prescriptive authority,and the prescription forms.Results:Among the consulted experts,70.59%(the highest acceptance rate)considered an undergraduate degree to be the minimum educational requirement for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority,85.29%(the highest acceptance rate)considered the supervisor nurse to be the minimum technical position experience necessary for midwives to be eligible for having prescriptive authority,and 50%(the highest acceptance rate)considered 5 years to be the minimum number of years of experience in the specialty for midwives to be eligible for prescriptive authority.The applicants should at least be practicing at Grade C hospitals,which was the consensus among 91.18%of the consulted experts.Among the consulted experts,100%,100%,97.06%,94.12%,and 94.12%agreed that the applicants should have knowledge in pharmacology,laws and ethics,nursing,diagnostics,and midwifery,respectively.The consulted experts confirmed 22 related course topics and identified 6 specific circumstances in which the midwives could partially practice prescriptive authority,including uterine atony,excessive uterine contraction,postpartum hemorrhage,premature rupture of fetal membranes,normal labor,and neonatal asphyxia.Under these 6 circumstances,the consulted experts commonly agreed that there were 20 medication prescriptions and 13 auxiliary examination prescriptions that could be prescribed by midwives.Of these prescriptions,51.5%were independent prescriptions,30.3%were protocol prescriptions,and the remaining 18.2%were both independent and protocol prescriptions.Conclusions:Midwives who have an undergraduate degree,supervisor nurse position,and 5 years of practice in Grade C hospitals are considered eligible to apply for prescriptive authority.Partial prescriptive authority could be granted after regulated training in fundamental theories and practices,which could improve the independence and professionalism of midwifery.

Foreword

The concept and practice of sustainable development as a guiding institutional principle, as a concrete policy goal, and as a focus of political mobilization remain salient in meeting the multiple challenges in the Arctic. How sustainable development is conceptualized and practiced depends very much on how it is embraced by scholars, policy makers and the people in the Arctic. Under the circumstances of climate change and political-economic globalization taking place in the Arctic,

试谈英语介词的理解与表达

在阅读和翻译时,我们会接触到英语的各种词类,而介词是较难驾驭的词类之一。众所周知,介词使用率颇高,搭配力甚强,且含意灵活多变,其表达方式与汉语有较大的差异等等。因此,研究和探讨这一词类的译法,对于扫除翻译道路上的障碍,并获得较好质量的译文,无疑是有帮助的。一、转换词类 这主要是指把英语中的介词译成汉语的动词。有时,还可转换成形容词和副词。(一)英语介词短语作表语是常见的。这时,介词常换成动词来译,而系词省略不译。如: