Advances in clinical applications of bioceramics in the new regenerative medicine era

In this editorial,we comment on the hard and soft tissue applications of different ceramic-based scaffolds prepared by different mechanisms such as 3D printing,sol-gel,and electrospinning.The new concept of regenerative medicine relies on biomaterials that can trigger in situ tissue regeneration and stem cell recruitment at the defect site.A large percentage of these biomaterials is ceramic-based as they provide the essential requirements of biomaterial principles such as tailored multisize porosity,antibacterial properties,and angiogenic properties.All these previously mentioned properties put bioceramics on top of the hierarchy of biomaterials utilized to stimulate tissue regeneration in soft and hard tissue wounds.Multiple clinical applications registered the use of these materials in triggering soft tissue regeneration in healthy and diabetic patients such as bioactive glass nanofibers.The results were promising and opened new frontiers for utilizing these materials on a larger scale.The same results were mentioned when using different forms and formulas of bioceramics in hard defect regeneration.Some bioceramics were used in combination with other polymers and biological scaffolds to improve their regenerative and mechanical properties.All this progress will enable a larger scale of patients to receive such services with ease and decrease the financial burden on the government.

Current Status of Clinical Application and Basic Research on Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Jujube Lung-Diarrhoea Soup

The clinical application and basic research of Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup focus on respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases, and its clinical application is more compared with the basic research, and Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup is mostly used in the form of “Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup with additional subtractions or other formulas combining Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup” in the clinical application. This article will focus on the main mechanisms of Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup and its main components in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory diseases, and will give a review of the basic research on Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup as follows.

Data analysis guidelines for single‑cell RNA‑seq in biomedical studies and clinical applications

The application of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in biomedical research has advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and provided valuable insights into new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.With the expansion of capacity for high-throughput scRNA-seq,including clinical samples,the analysis of these huge volumes of data has become a daunting prospect for researchers entering this field.Here,we review the workflow for typical scRNA-seq data analysis,covering raw data processing and quality control,basic data analysis applicable for almost all scRNA-seq data sets,and advanced data analysis that should be tailored to specific scientific questions.While summarizing the current methods for each analysis step,we also provide an online repository of software and wrapped-up scripts to support the implementation.Recommendations and caveats are pointed out for some specific analysis tasks and approaches.We hope this resource will be helpful to researchers engaging with scRNA-seq,in particular for emerging clinical applications.

Clinical application of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection and monoclonal antibody therapies against COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)specific antibody detection and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)in the treatment of coronavirus infectious disease 2019(COVID-19).The dynamic changes of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies during COVID-19 were studied.Immunoglobulin M(IgM)appeared earlier and lasted for a short time,while immunoglobulin G(IgG)appeared later and lasted longer.IgM tests can be used for early diagnosis of COVID-19,and IgG tests can be used for late diagnosis of COVID-19 and identification of asymptomatic infected persons.The combination of antibody testing and nucleic acid testing,which complement each other,can improve the diagnosis rate of COVID-19.Monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies can be used to treat hospitalized severe and critically ill patients and non-hospitalized mild to moderate COVID-19 patients.COVID-19 convalescent plasma,highly concentrated immunoglobulin,and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs are examples of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody products.Due to the continuous emergence of mutated strains of the novel coronavirus,especially omicron,its immune escape ability and infectivity are enhanced,making the effects of authorized products reduced or invalid.Therefore,the optimal application of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody products(especially anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific mAbs)is more effective in the treatment of COVID-19 and more conducive to patient recovery.

Progress of Clinical Research on the Treatment of Spinal Disorders by the Tongdu Method

Spinal disorders are diseases caused by congenital, degenerative, postural errors, trauma, and external evils that result in lesions of bones, discs, ligaments, and muscles, thus compressing the nerves. Spine-related diseases include scoliosis, intervertebral disc herniation, intervertebral stenosis, spinal fracture, ankylosing spondylitis, spinal cord injury, spinal tumour, etc., which seriously affect people’s daily life. This paper summarises the relevant studies on the treatment of spinal diseases by Tongzhu therapy. The mechanism of action of Tongzhu therapy in treating spinal diseases is closely related to the control of inflammatory factors, the improvement of local microcirculation, analgesia, and the promotion of nerve repair. This paper describes the application and modern mechanism of Tongzhu therapy in the treatment of spinal diseases, which will provide a direction for future research on Tongzhu therapy.

Bactericidal Effect and Clinical Application of 20% Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Powder

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the formulation stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and its killing effect on common pathogenic bacteria in the animal breeding environment and to provide a scientific basis for veterinary clinical application. [Methods] The stability of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was tested through an accelerated test and a long-term test. In the accelerated test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder and sodium hypochlorite were stored in 37 ℃ constant temperature incubators for 90 d, and the available chlorine contents were compared. In the long-term test, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was sealed and stored at room temperature, and its effective chlorine content and pH were measured regularly. In order to test its bactericidal effect in clinical use, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder, lime milk and 5% dilute glutaraldehyde solution were sprayed in groups to disinfect empty sheds in a pig farm, and the total colony count, Escherichia coli colony count, Staphylococcus aureus colony count and fungal colony count were used as testing indexes to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effects on microorganisms in the air of the empty sheds and the surface of objects inside the sheds after disinfection. [Results] The 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder had an available chlorine loss rate of 7.92% in the accelerated test, and the loss rates of available chlorine content and pH of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in the long-term test(240 d) were 1.52% and 1.87% at room temperature, respectively. In the test to detect the sterilization effects on the pig farm, the total colony count, E. coli colony count, S. aureus colony count and fungal colony count of samples treated with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder were lower than those of other two groups(P<0.05), and the total colony count of samples disinfected with 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder after cleaning the dirt was 20 times lower than that of samples disinfected directly without cleaning. In conclusion, 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder was stable and effective in disinfection, and the presence of organic matter had little effect on the disinfection effect. [Conclusions] This study will provide important reference for the application of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate powder in veterinary clinic.

Clinical application of multidisciplinary teams in tumor therapy

Multidisciplinary team （MDT） model is a diagnostic and treatment model characterized by interdisciplinarity, integration, centralism, individualization, and precision and is becoming more common in the management of complex malignancies. MDT emphasizes team spirit and a personalized treatment strategy according to the actual condition of each patient. A cooperative and effective multidisciplinary team is an important guarantee for delivering high-quality services to patients. Under the guidance of a medical humanistic concept, MDT provides reasonable, effective, convenient, and a full range of excellent quality medical service to patients. The MDT maximizes patient benefits, and it is the developmental direction for large-scale general hospitals. At the same time, the MDT is also an important measure to strengthen the core competitiveness of hospitals. Here, we introduce the clinical application of the model in tumor therapy as well as the current state and development in our hospital.

Insight into Crosstalk Between Mitophagy and Apoptosis/Necroptosis:Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality.As a result of ischemia-reperfusion,a cascade of pathophysiological responses is triggered by the imbalance in metabolic supply and demand,resulting in cell loss.These cellular injuries follow various molecular mechanisms solely or in combination with this disorder.Mitochondria play a driving role in the pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke.Once ischemic stroke occurs,damaged cells would respond to such stress through mitophagy.Mitophagy is known as a conservatively selective autophagy,contributing to the removal of excessive protein aggregates and damaged intracellular components,as well as aging mitochondria.Moderate mitophagy may exert neuroprotection against stroke.Several pathways associated with the mitochondrial network collectively contribute to recovering the homeostasis of the neurovascular unit.However,excessive mitophagy would also promote ischemia-reperfusion injury.Therefore,mitophagy is a double-edged sword,which suggests that maximizing the benefits of mitophagy is one of the direction of future efforts.This review emphasized the role of mitophagy in ischemic stroke,and highlighted the crosstalk between mitophagy and apoptosis/necroptosis.

S-adenosylmethionine in treatment of cholestasis after total parenteral nutrition: laboratory investigation and clinical application

Objective: To observe the effects of S-adenosylmethio-nine (SAMe) in the treatment of cholestasis after totalparenteral nutrition (TPN).Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided intocontrol group, hypercalorie group, hypercalorie+SAMegroup, sepsis group and sepsis+SAMe group to com-pare their states of cholestasis. Sixteen patients re-ceived SAMe because of cholestasis after prolongedTPN, and the therapeutic efficacy was observed.Results: Bile flow was obviously decreased and theserum levels of total bile acid and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) were markedly increased in thehypercalorie and sepsis groups. Meanwhile, hepatocytefatty degeneration, dilatation of cholangioles, and bilesludge could be seen microscopically. SAMe adminis-tration in the hypercalorie+SAMe and sepsis+SAMegroups could increase the bile flow, decrease theserum levels of total bile acid and γ-GT, reduce thepathological damage to the liver, and clear the bilesludge in the cholangioles. Cholestasis and abnormalliver function were the main manifestations of the 16patients before SAMe administration. After SAMe treat-ment for 3 weeks, serum levels of total bilirubin, al-kaline phosphatase(AKP), γ-GT, alanine aminotrans-ferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were obviously decreased, and normalized in the 4thweek.Conclusion: SAMe could prevent and treat cholestasiswithout discontinuation of TPN.

2017 Chinese expert consensus on the clinical application ofserum marker for thyroid cancer

In recent years, the clinical incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year, and its risk assessment and clinical management methods have also been accordingly modified and constantly improved. There are great differences between the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic modes and disease management of thyroid cancer employed by various medical institutions in China, particularly with regard to the clinical application of serum marker of thyroid cancer. To this end, the China Anti-Cancer Association Thyroid Cancer Specialized Committee Chinese Association of Thyroid Oncology organized this compilation of ExpertConsensus on Clinical Application of Serum Marker of Thyroid Cancer to help and impel relevant clinical institutions and professionals to standardize clinical diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of thyroid cancer, and to properly utilize the serum marker for scientific auxiliary clinical diagnosis and assessment of thyroid cancer before and after operation.

The Anatomical Physiology and Clinical Application of the Points Huiyang and Zhonglushu

Both Huiyang (BL 35) and Zhonglushu (BL 29) are the acupoints of the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang located in the sacral region. These two points are often used in combination to treat urinary dysfunction, and their regulatory effects are very satisfactory.1 In this article, the clinical mechanism of Huiyang and Zhonglushu is explained in accordance with the theory of Channels and neurophysiology. ……

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY—AN UPDATE ON CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has received increased attention since the regulatory approvals of several photosensitizers and light applicators in numerous countries and regions around the world.In recent years,much progress has been seen in basic research as well as clinical application.PDT clinical application has now extended from treating malignant diseases to nonmalignant diseases.This review article will present recent clinical data published in English journals.The data will be organized according to their clinical specialties.The new development and future direction in clinical applications of PDT for the management of both malignant and nonmalignant diseases will be discussed.

Advances in the clinical application of oxycodone in the perioperative period

To review the research progress of pure opioid receptor agonist oxycodone.The research progress of oxycodone in terms of pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics,adverse reactions,clinical application,combined medication and new progress in clinical application was summarized by referring to the literature.Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic thebaine derivative of opioid alkaloids,and is a pure opioidμandκreceptor agonist.The main action sites are the central nervous system and visceral smooth muscle.Due to its advantages of low adverse reactions,good analgesic effects,and a wide range of safe doses,the drug has been widely used in the control of acute and chronic postoperative pain,as well as malignant and non-malignant pain.Since the end of the 20^(th) century,researchers have begun to formulate antipyretic analgesics,opioid receptor agonists,opioid receptor antagonists,dopamine receptor antagonists and other drugs with oxycodone in different proportions to enhance the analgesic effect.At the same time,it can reduce the dosage of oxycodone and reduce its adverse reactions,so as to achieve the purpose of limiting opioid abuse.With the continuous research on the efficacy and safety of oxycodone in the perioperative period at home and abroad,oxycodone has become the only dual-opioid potent analgesic that can be used in clinical work.

Clinical Application of Gaofang(Medicated Paste)in Cardiovascular Disease

Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guangdong of China at present.It is generally believed that Gaofang can help reinforce deficiency,delay aging,and regulate the overall health status.Currently,Gaofang has been extensively used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.Based on the relevant literature and clinical experience,this article reviews the general situation and the clinical application of Gaofang as well as the common Chinese medicines in Gaofang for cardiovascular diseases.

Advances in anti-tumor mechanism and clinical application of Astragalus polysaccharides

Astragalus polysaccharide has the beneficial effect of Qi-deficiency,and it also has several anti-tumor mechanisms,including pharmacological actions and clinical functions.Through literature review,this work concluded anti-tumor mechanism and clinical application of astragalus polysaccharide,which was of considerable significance to expand and optimize its anti-tumor function and clinical application.

Research Progress on Material Basis,Pharmacological Effect and Clinical Application of Danggui Shaoyao Powder

The research of modern pharmacology displays that main material basis of Danggui Shaoyao Powder exerting efficacy includes ligustilide,paeoniflorin,poria acid,ferulic acid,ligustrazine and so on,and its efficacy is mainly realized by regulating neural receptor-ligand interaction,cytokine release,and TNF-αinflammatory pathway.Systematic study of metabonomics,serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology of Danggui Shaoyao Powder sufficiently clarifies its potential pharmacodynamic mechanism,and it could provide scientific theoretical basis for its clinical application.In this paper,by systemically analyzing material basis of Danggui Shaoyao Powder,and exploring its complex pharmacological mechanism and clinical application in vivo,it could comprehensively understand the clinical value of Danggui Shaoyao Powder,so as to provide beneficial reference for further development of the material basis,quality control and classical prescription of Danggui Shaoyao Powder.

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CHINESE HERBS REMEDIES AS IMMUNOMODULATORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER

IMMUNITY AND TUMOR Immune system has closely relation to the growth and development of tumor. One of its immune functions is to constantly recognize and kill malignant cells which develop from normal cells. The occurance of tumor indicates to some extent the failure of this "immune serveillance" function. Many studies have shown that the tumor cells of body have some tumor interrelative antigen that dose not exist in normal tissues. Tests in vitro

Research Progress on Pharmacological Action and Clinical Application of Stephania Tetrandrae Radix

Stephania Tetrandrae Radix is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines,which has bitter and pungent taste as well as cold properties. It can subside edema,get rid of rheumatism and relieve pain. Therefore,it is mainly used for the treatment of rheumatism arthralgia,edema,dysuria,athlete's foot,swollen wet sores and other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM). Stephania Tetrandrae Radix is mainly composed of dual-benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids,including tetrandrine,fangchinoline and so on. Modern pharmacology research shows that Stephania Tetrandrae Radix and its main components have a wide range of pharmacological activity in the anti-inflammatory,anti-pathogenic microorganisms,anti-tumor,anti-hypertension,anti-arrhythmia,anti-myocardial ischemia,anti-fibrosis,anti-silicosis,inhibiting scar and other aspects,with broad application prospect. Stephania Tetrandrae Radix is often applied with compatibility of other Chinese medicines in clinically,and has achieved obvious effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,cardiovascular disease,cancer,hypertension,liver ascites and other diseases. There are some representative prescriptions,such as Fangji Fuling decoction,Fangji Huangqi decoction,Jijiao Lihuang pill,Xuanbi decoction,compound Hanfangji granule and so on. In this paper,the pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Stephania Tetrandrae Radix in the past ten years are reviewed,providing the reference for its further development and application.

Clinical application of vascular occlusion test based on tissue oxygen saturation monitoring

The vascular occlusion test (VOT) is an experiment that simulates the process of distal ischemia-reperfusion of tissue based on the monitoring of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) to obtain VOT parameters related to StO2 changes to evaluate microcirculation function of the measured muscle tissue. VOT has the advantages of real-time, noninvasive and continuous, and is widely used to evaluate the functional status of peripheral microcirculation and the relationship between microcirculation changes and prognosis of patients. In clinical work, doctors mainly focus on hemodynamics of patients, while microcirculation function is often neglected due to the lack of real-time monitoring methods, which may lead to severe poor prognosis of patients, especially patients with critical illness. This paper focuses on the clinical application of vascular occlusion test based on tissue oxygen saturation monitoring.

Disinfection Effects and Clinical Application of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate Powder on Bacteria

With the continuous increase of large-scale pig farms,the disinfection of pig farm environment plays an extremely important part in the control and prevention of pig farm diseases in high-density breeding environment.As an important breeding place for pig farms,the farrowing house must be performed with scientific and standardized disinfection.In this paper,different disinfection modes were used to disinfect the empty farrowing houses of pig farms,and the total plate count,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and fungi were used as detection indicators to comprehensively evaluate the disinfection effect of the air microorganisms and the surface of the objects in the empty house after disinfection,with the aim to provide a basis for the establishment of a scientific pig farm environmental disinfection model.