Closed-form solution for shear lag effects of steel-concrete composite box beams considering shear deformation and slip

Based on the consideration of longitudinal warp caused by shear lag effects on concrete slabs and bottom plates of steel beams,shear deformation of steel beams and interface slip between steel beams and concrete slabs,the governing differential equations and boundary conditions of the steel-concrete composite box beams under lateral loading were derived using energy-variational method.The closed-form solutions for stress,deflection and slip of box beams under lateral loading were obtained,and the comparison of the analytical results and the experimental results for steel-concrete composite box beams under concentrated loading or uniform loading verifies the closed-form solution.The investigation of the parameters of load effects on composite box beams shows that:1) Slip stiffness has considerable impact on mid-span deflection and end slip when it is comparatively small;the mid-span deflection and end slip decrease significantly with the increase of slip stiffness,but when the slip stiffness reaches a certain value,its impact on mid-span deflection and end slip decreases to be negligible.2) The shear deformation has certain influence on mid-span deflection,and the larger the load is,the greater the influence is.3) The impact of shear deformation on end slip can be neglected.4) The strain of bottom plate of steel beam decreases with the increase of slip stiffness,while the shear lag effect becomes more significant.

近场爆炸荷载作用下装配式钢筋混凝土叠合梁动力响应数值分析

为研究装配式钢筋混凝土叠合梁的抗爆性能,采用显式动力有限元软件LS-DYNA建立了相应的数值模型,通过已有的钢筋混凝土现浇梁爆炸试验研究对数值模型进行了验证。采用验证了的数值模型对爆炸荷载作用下的叠合梁和现浇梁进行动力响应分析,考虑比例距离、炸药量、浇筑方式等参数变化对装配式钢筋混凝土叠合梁动力响应及抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:随比例距离减小或炸药量增大,梁破坏形态由弯曲破坏向弯剪破坏转变,梁位移响应加剧;叠合梁抗爆性能略低于现浇梁,但尚能满足规范要求。

低频三阶超心形指向性声源设计

为提高圆周阵列主极大的指向性增益,提出基于圆周等间距六元密排阵的低频三阶超心形指向性声源,利用点源方法对其波束特性进行研究与分析,得到了指向性声源的优化方案。以具有弱互辐射效应的单边辐射弯张换能器作为圆周密排阵阵元,利用有限元方法分析了三阶超心形指向性声源的声辐射特性,相比单极子声源,其主极大方向指向性增益为8.0 dB,可达到提高增益的目的。研制了实验样机,经水池实验获得该声源的工作特性:谐振频率为0.92 kHz,对应发送电压响应级为139.0 dB,−3 dB波束宽度为56.0°,各旁瓣小于−15.0 dB。有限元计算与实测结果验证了优化方案的可行性,实现了低频三阶超心形指向性发射。

一种用于水下闸门启闭电磁挂脱梁研究

水利水电工程广泛使用的自动挂脱梁主要分为机械和液压两大类。机械自动挂脱梁易出现误操作;液压自动挂脱梁可能出现梁销轴卡阻、穿退销不到位、电缆拉断、电缆和泵站进水等故障。针对上述问题,结合乌东德水电站分层取水叠梁门启闭条件,研究试制了一种无线控制的新型电磁自动挂脱梁,先后在制造厂和水电站叠梁门工作现场进行了水上水下启闭门试验和水下密封试验,验证了在动水条件下操作闸门可行。

开口防撞梁辊弧后端头收张口研究

针对开口防撞梁辊弧后端头收张口问题,采用仿真和实验方法进行了研究。选取3种典型开口防撞梁进行分析,通过分析截形角度和匹配角度对收张口的影响得出辊弧后收张口的变化规律;通过对断面应力分析得出辊弧后收张口的原因并提出了改善措施;通过分析反弯措施对收张口的影响,得出了布局角度对收张口的影响规律,并通过实验进行了验证;通过4种反挤压变形方案对收张口进行了分析,并经方案改进后得出最优工况。结果表明:起弧轮布局角度一定时,截形角度越大,立筋刚度越小,收张口差值随截形角度的增大而减小;辊弧后产生收张口现象是由辊弧时工件内部产生的剪应力造成的,剪应力是由起弧轮高度差引起的;调整起弧轮布局角度形成反弯可消除部分内应力,减小收张口差值;反挤压变形可减小收张口差值,采用5个整形轮时结构最优;内推轮内推2 mm时辊弧后防撞梁一致性较好,但同时带来法兰边翘曲的不良影响。

空间流线形提篮拱钢主塔合龙位移分析

合龙施工是桥梁施工中的关键工序,对施工精度要求较高。论文依托实际工程,对塔梁固结形式的空间流线形提篮钢拱塔施工过程中主塔合龙段在自重和温度作用下的位移进行了分析,从而对拱形钢主塔合龙方案的设计提出指导性意见。

中密度纤维板多层热压机主要部件结构损坏原因分析及同时闭合机构设计方法

多层热压机不管在中密度纤维板生产线、刨花板生长线还是在胶合板生长线都属于主机的设备,其结构设计合理性直接关系到生产过程的运行成本和板材品质。以实际改造项目为例进一步介绍多层热压机主油缸结构原理、维护保养注意事项及维修方法,热压机下横梁同时闭合稳定控制机构原理及维护保养措施,以及液压式多连杆同时闭合机构的设计和验证方法。

淮沈特大桥连续梁的施工技术分析

结合淮沈特大桥工程实际,从施工重难点入手,对特大桥梁连续梁施工要点进行详细分析。为确保连续梁的稳定性,采用碗扣式钢管支架结构,不仅拆装方便灵活,而且结构更加稳定可靠。结合工程实际,在施工前对地基进行排水处理,利用钢管桩加强支撑,并制定应对坡度的施工办法,从而提升连续梁施工的工程质量。结果显示,采用基于碗扣式钢管支架的连续梁施工技术,能够满足工程质量的要求,确保工程如期完工,值得同类工程参考借鉴。

近距离煤层群回采巷道的支护设计

为解决近距离煤层群在实际开采中因煤层间距过小极易导致应力集中而加剧巷道变形破坏的问题,在对2-2#煤层基本地质条件和巷道布置分析的基础上,通过调查研究掌握该工作面巷道的实际情况,并根据煤层间距为小于1m、1~3 m和大于3 m这3种情况划分支护标准,最后监测支护后的工作面顶板下沉量和两帮移近量的数据,验证支护效果。

The first results of divertor discharge and supersonic molecular beam injection on the HL-2A tokamak

HL-2A tokamak is the first tokamak with divertors in China. The plasma boundary and the position of the striking point on the target plates of the HL-2A closed diwrtor were simulated by the current filament code and they were in agreement with the diagnostic results in the divertor. Supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） system was first installed and tested on the HL-2A tokamak in 2004. In the present experiment low pressure SMBI fuelling on the HL-2A closed divertor was carried out. The experimental results indicate that the divertor was operated in the ＇linear regime＇ and during the period of SMB pulse injection into the HL-2A plasma the power density eonvected at the target plate surfaces was 0.4 times of that before or after the beam injection. It is a useful fuelling method for decreasing the heat load on the neutralizer plates of the divertor.

Finite difference modeling of sinking stage curved beam based on revised Vlasov equations

For the static analysis of the sinking stage curved beam, a finite difference model was presented based on the proposed revised Vlasov equations. First, revised Vlasov equations for thin-walled curved beams with closed sections were deduced considering the shear strain on the mid-surface of the cross-section. Then, the finite difference formulation of revised Vlasov equations was implemented with the parabolic interpolation based on Taylor series. At last, the finite difference model was built by substituting geometry and boundary conditions of the sinking stage curved beam into the finite difference formulation. The validity of present work is confirmed by the published literature and ANSYS simulation results. It can be concluded that revised Vlasov equations are more accurate than the original one in the analysis of thin-walled beams with closed sections, and that present finite difference model is applicable in the evaluation of the sinking stage curved beam.

DOUBLE-MOMENT OF SPACIAL CURVED BARS WITH CLOSED THIN- WALL CROSS-SECTION

In this paper, the double_moment of thin_wall cross_section spacial curved bars of anisotropic materials is discussed, and a general solving method for this type of problems as well as the concrete double_moment formula of planary curved bars subjected to action of vertical loads are given out.

Experimental investigation of p-section concrete beams under contact explosion and close-in explosion conditions

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on explosive breaching of p-section concrete beams. Twenty three p-section concrete beams with a 100 cm length were tested. TNT charges were placed at three positions: contact detonation in the center, contact detonation above the web and close-in detonation in the center. The external and internal breach parameters of the panels were evaluated by measuring the diameter of the ejection crater, spalling crater and breach hole created by the charge detonation. The experimental results were compared to predict values obtained by the analytical models proposed by McVay, Morishita and Remennikov. A modified breach with crater limit line and breach without crater limit line were put forward based on the experimental results. The maximum cross-sectional destruction area ratio(MCDAR) values were used to evaluate the damage degree. The maximum value of MCDAR reached 0.331 corresponding to the C5 experimental condition, of which explosion occurred above the web.

Dynamic responses of reinforced concrete beams under double-endinitiated close-in explosion

The reinforced concrete(RC) structural component might suffer a great damage under close-in explosion.Different from distant explosions, blast loads generated by the close-in explosion are non-uniformly distributed on the structural component and may cause both local and structural failure. In this study,an experimental study was conducted to investigate the dynamic responses of RC beams under doubleend-initiated close-in explosions. The experimental results show that the distribution of blast loads generated by the double-end-initiated explosion is much more non-uniform than those generated by single-point detonation, which is caused by the self-Mach-reflection effects. A 3 D finite element model was developed and validated in LS-DYNA by employing the modified K&C model. Intensive numerical calculations were conducted to study the influences of the initiation way, scaled distance and longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the dynamic responses and failure modes of RC beams. Numerical results show that the RC beam suffers greater damage as the cylindrical explosive is detonated at its double ends than the scenario in which the cylindrical explosive is detonated at its central point. RC beams mainly suffer flexural failure and flexure-shear failure under the double-end close-in explosion, and the failure modes of RC beams change from the flexural damage to flexure-shear damage as the scaled distance or the longitudinal reinforcement ratio decreases. The direct shear failure mode is not usually observed in the double-end-initiated explosion, since the intense blast loads is basically concentrated in the midspan of RC beam, which is due to self-Mach-reflection enhancement.

Large Deformation Analysis and Synthesis of Elastic Closed-loop Mechanism Made of a Certain Spring Wire Described by Free Curves

Recently novel mechanisms with compact size and without many mechanical elements such as bearing are strongly required for medical devices such as surgical operation devices. This paper describes analysis and synthesis of elastic link mechanisms of a single spring beam which can be manufactured by NC coiling machines. These mechanisms are expected as disposable micro forceps. Smooth Curvature Model（SCM） with 3rd order Legendre polynomial curvature functions is applied to calculate large deformation of a curved cantilever beam by taking account of the balance between external and internal elastic forces and moments. SCM is then extended to analyze large deformation of a closed-loop curved elastic beam which is composed of multiple free curved beams. A closed-loop elastic link is divided into two free curved cantilever beams each of which is assumed as serially connected free curved cantilever beams described with SCM. The sets of coefficients of Legendre polynomials of SCM in all free curved cantilever beams are determined by taking account of the force and moment balance at connecting point where external input force is applied. The sets of coefficients of Legendre polynomials of a nonleaded closed-loop elastic link are optimized to design a link mechanism which can generate specified output motion due to input force applied at the assumed dividing point. For example, two planar micro grippers with a single pulling input force are analyzed and designed. The elastic deformation analyzed with proposed method agrees very well with that calculated with FEM. The designed micro gripper can generate the desired pinching motion. The proposed method can contribute to design compact and simple elastic mechanisms without high calculation costs.

埋伏阻生牙的正畸综合治疗

埋伏阻生牙是一类复杂的错畸形,不同人种、性别以及牙位的发病率不甚相同。埋伏阻生牙的病因包含全身因素与局部因素,全身因素包括内分泌紊乱、营养不良、急慢性传染病等;局部因素包括在牙齿发育到萌出至正常位置的过程中,能够造成牙齿发育异常或者萌出异常的任何因素,如局部炎症或外伤造成的恒牙胚受损、乳牙早失导致的萌出间隙不足、多生牙或牙瘤等局部病变导致的萌出道障碍。埋伏阻生牙临床表现为正常牙位的恒牙缺失,锥体束CT能精确进行阻生牙的诊断与定位。正畸综合治疗包括外科手术助萌、拔除滞留乳牙或多生牙、去除牙瘤或囊肿等病变、正畸扩展间隙提供条件自行萌出;当外科手术去除局部软硬组织障碍后,牙齿仍不能顺利萌出,则需要配合正畸牵引导萌或拔除后正畸以及自体牙移植等方法。明确诊断、合理评估治疗难度、采取合适的矫治方法是提高治疗成功率的关键。本文将重点回顾埋伏阻生牙的流行病学、病因、诊断和相应的治疗方法等,全面阐述埋伏阻生牙的正畸综合治疗,期望为临床医生治疗埋伏阻生牙提供参考。

可见光多波段激光合束系统设计

为了实现可见光波段不同波长多路激光的精密合束,设计了一套激光合束系统。通过长焦距镜头和高缩束倍率镜头配合大面阵光电探测器分别实现合束激光指向与位置的高精度、实时监测;通过高精度的角度调节平台和位置调节平台分别实现光束指向和位置监测误差的实时补偿。在完成光束指向、位置监测镜头的设计加工及精密装调后,获得位置监测装置的监测分辨率为0.054 mm,指向监测装置的监测分辨率为3.5μrad;在完成光束位置校正平台、指向校正两维摆镜、闭环控制系统合束流程的详细设计后,对合束系统的合束精度进行实验检测和误差分析。实验结果表明:合束系统短时间内针对稳定光束的合束精度为:指向6.17μrad,位置优于0.66 mm;长时间内针对缓慢漂移光束的合束精度为:指向18.46μrad,位置优于0.72 mm。因此,所设计的激光合束系统合束精度高,并且可及时对光束的漂移误差进行自动补偿,满足系统的应用要求。

三维有限元模拟大长径比闭口梁的固化过程及其变形预测

大长径比闭口梁因具有变截面特性导致其固化过程往往较难预测。本研究通过构建热固化、流动-压实、应力-变形耦合的控制方程建立了有限元模型,计算了一体式大长径比闭口截面复合材料梁的固化过程,并基于模拟结果优化主梁成型模具的设计及制造。通过对比缩比件样品与模拟的结果发现全尺寸主梁外形面的仿真结果与实际形变量的平均误差为8%,最大计算误差为17%,验证了模型的准确性。该模型可以为构件模具的预变形设计提供依据,实现基于回弹变形补偿技术的一体式大长径比闭口复合材料梁的精确成型。

预应力混凝土连续梁桥合龙方案对比研究

为研究合龙段施工时不同施工顺序对桥梁成桥线形和受力的影响,得出最优合龙方案。利用MIDAS CIVIL有限元软件建立四种合龙方案的桥梁模型。通过模型计算出不同合龙方案的主梁上下缘应力、主梁弯矩和挠度,将模型计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明:合龙方案对桥梁线形、弯矩和应力均存在较大影响。由一侧向另一侧逐跨合龙时主梁最大弯矩和下缘最大应力在四种方案中最大。三跨同时合龙的施工方案其主梁各控制截面的上缘应力较大。先中跨合龙后边跨合龙的施工顺序造成的竖向挠度最大,其次是由一侧向另一侧逐跨合龙的方案。三跨同时合龙和先边跨后中跨合龙两种方案下主梁线形变化均较小。考虑施工难度和成本时应首选先边跨后中跨的合龙方案。研究成果可为该类型桥梁的合龙设计提供参考。

多波束高通量卫星的出向链路功率带宽平衡系统

如何合理有效分配资源成为目前卫星频率资源分配的主要问题,本文从工程角度出发,通过整合高通量卫星系统和地面多关口站系统,提出了多波束高通量卫星的出向链路功率带宽平衡反馈系统,通过此系统判断卫星载波功率与带宽是否处于正常监控循环状态.在非正常监控循环状态通过功带平衡闭环反馈算法实现功率带宽平衡的自动调节,系统配置前后星上行波管放大器内的接收电平从1.5 dB的波动压缩到0.5 dB内,小站接收载噪比波动差值从2.3 dB降低到0.4 dB,保证了功率带宽平衡,优化了固定分配造成的局限性,适用于目前的多波束高通量卫星.