Background Prevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies(NCDLB) is low in Asian populations, which may partially reflect its diagnostic difficulty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that eval...Background Prevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies(NCDLB) is low in Asian populations, which may partially reflect its diagnostic difficulty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that evaluates cognitive fluctuation, has been shown to significantly differentiate NCDLB from Alzheimer's disease.Aim This study aimed to develop the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version and assess its validity to screen NCDLB in an elderly population.Methods The Mayo Ructuations Scale was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, field testing of the prefinal version, as well as final adjustments. From all patients attending the Psychiatric and Memory Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, 135 patients accompanied by their primary caregivers were included.Caregivers were interviewed by research assistants using a four-item scale, and psychiatrists determined patients*diagnosis based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM)-5 criteria. Evaluations performed by psychiatrists and research assistants were blinded.Results Seventeen participants had been diagnosed with major NCDLB. At a cut-off score of 2 or over, the Mayo Fluctuations Scale exhibited excellent performance to differentiate major NCDLB from other major neurocognitive disorders(NCDs), with a sensitivity of 94.1%and a specificity of 71.4%, and acceptable performance to differentiate mild NCDLB from other mild NCDs, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 93.1 %.Conclusion The Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version is an excellent screening tool for major NCDLB and an acceptable tool that may be used with other additional tests for mild NCDLB. The tool is practical for use in memory and psychiatric clinics. Further validation studies in participants with other specific clinical conditions are required.展开更多
English, now being an international communication medium, has been promoted as the most important foreign language in school curricula in many countries. As English competence is regarded as a new kind of literacy tha...English, now being an international communication medium, has been promoted as the most important foreign language in school curricula in many countries. As English competence is regarded as a new kind of literacy that enables the "world citizens" to participate in the global community, various educational reforms in many countries have been implemented and new teaching approaches are introduced, aiming to provide quality English instruction for school children (Cha and Ham, 2008). Among them is a bilingual model-"content and language integrated learning (CLIL)", which serves as the umbrella term for approaches that give emphasis both on language learning and subject knowledge learning. This paper aims to start with a brief discussion of the global role of English in terms of its impact on school curricula and language policy making in EFL and ESL contexts. In the next section, further examination on sociolinguistic and cultural issues of bilingual education in EFL context will be presented and specific reference will be made to English education in China. After that, major concepts of CLIL and cognitive development theories will be drawn on to explore the benefits and potentially problematic areas in bilingual education.展开更多
The basic view of Piaget's cognitive development theory is that children's psychological development is the result of the interaction between their inner state of minds and the objective outside world. Based o...The basic view of Piaget's cognitive development theory is that children's psychological development is the result of the interaction between their inner state of minds and the objective outside world. Based on the theory, the study mainly adopts the ways of empirical research, literature reference and questionnaire survey to explores teachers' and students' problems in elementary school oral English teaching process and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. The paper puts 80 fourth graders No.3 Primary School in Wenzhou Huanglong as subjects, find teachers' teaching problems currently existing in primary English class and pupils' problems they met like negative transfer of mother tongue and low interest in oral English learning through questionnaire survey and analysis data. The study, according to Piaget's cognitive development theory, puts forward advice through careful analysis of the problems to improve the present situation of teachers' teaching and students' oral English learning, to help teachers improve the quality of oral English teaching and to ultimately improve pupils' oral English communication.展开更多
基金funded by a grant from the Faculty of MedicineRamathibodi Hospital,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand
文摘Background Prevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies(NCDLB) is low in Asian populations, which may partially reflect its diagnostic difficulty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that evaluates cognitive fluctuation, has been shown to significantly differentiate NCDLB from Alzheimer's disease.Aim This study aimed to develop the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version and assess its validity to screen NCDLB in an elderly population.Methods The Mayo Ructuations Scale was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, field testing of the prefinal version, as well as final adjustments. From all patients attending the Psychiatric and Memory Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, 135 patients accompanied by their primary caregivers were included.Caregivers were interviewed by research assistants using a four-item scale, and psychiatrists determined patients*diagnosis based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(DSM)-5 criteria. Evaluations performed by psychiatrists and research assistants were blinded.Results Seventeen participants had been diagnosed with major NCDLB. At a cut-off score of 2 or over, the Mayo Fluctuations Scale exhibited excellent performance to differentiate major NCDLB from other major neurocognitive disorders(NCDs), with a sensitivity of 94.1%and a specificity of 71.4%, and acceptable performance to differentiate mild NCDLB from other mild NCDs, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 93.1 %.Conclusion The Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version is an excellent screening tool for major NCDLB and an acceptable tool that may be used with other additional tests for mild NCDLB. The tool is practical for use in memory and psychiatric clinics. Further validation studies in participants with other specific clinical conditions are required.
文摘English, now being an international communication medium, has been promoted as the most important foreign language in school curricula in many countries. As English competence is regarded as a new kind of literacy that enables the "world citizens" to participate in the global community, various educational reforms in many countries have been implemented and new teaching approaches are introduced, aiming to provide quality English instruction for school children (Cha and Ham, 2008). Among them is a bilingual model-"content and language integrated learning (CLIL)", which serves as the umbrella term for approaches that give emphasis both on language learning and subject knowledge learning. This paper aims to start with a brief discussion of the global role of English in terms of its impact on school curricula and language policy making in EFL and ESL contexts. In the next section, further examination on sociolinguistic and cultural issues of bilingual education in EFL context will be presented and specific reference will be made to English education in China. After that, major concepts of CLIL and cognitive development theories will be drawn on to explore the benefits and potentially problematic areas in bilingual education.
文摘The basic view of Piaget's cognitive development theory is that children's psychological development is the result of the interaction between their inner state of minds and the objective outside world. Based on the theory, the study mainly adopts the ways of empirical research, literature reference and questionnaire survey to explores teachers' and students' problems in elementary school oral English teaching process and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. The paper puts 80 fourth graders No.3 Primary School in Wenzhou Huanglong as subjects, find teachers' teaching problems currently existing in primary English class and pupils' problems they met like negative transfer of mother tongue and low interest in oral English learning through questionnaire survey and analysis data. The study, according to Piaget's cognitive development theory, puts forward advice through careful analysis of the problems to improve the present situation of teachers' teaching and students' oral English learning, to help teachers improve the quality of oral English teaching and to ultimately improve pupils' oral English communication.
