Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Gansu Section of Yellow River Basin Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically evaluate the water resources carrying capacity is the premise to improve the regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure the regional water security.The Gansu section of the Yellow River basin is an important water conservation and recharge area.Whether the water resources in this area can ensure the normal operation of the ecosystem and whether it can carry the sustainable development of social economy is the key to realize the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.In this study,from the three dimensions of water consumption per capita,water consumption of 10000 yuan GDP and ecological water use rate,by constructing the evaluation index system and index grading standard of water resources carrying capacity,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin,in order to provide theoretical decision-making basis for the comprehensive development,utilization and planning management of water resources in Gansu section of the Yellow River basin and even the whole basin,and help the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

Optimization of CO_2 separation technologies for Chinese refineries based on a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model

This study aims at determining the optimal CO2 separation technology for Chinese refineries, based on current available technologies, by the method of comprehensive evaluation. Firstly, according to the characteristics of flue gas from Chinese refineries, three feasible CO2 separation technologies are selected. These are pressure swing adsorption （PSA）, chemical absorption （CA）, and membrane absorption （MA）. Secondly, an economic assessment of these three techniques is carried out in accordance with cash flow analysis. The results show that these three techniques all have economic feasibility and the PSA technique is the best. Finally, to further optimize the three techniques, a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established, including economic, technological, and environmental factors. Considering all the factors, PSA is optimal for Chinese refineries, followed by CA and MA. Therefore, to reduce Chinese refineries carbon emission, it is suggested that CO2 should be captured from off-gases using PSA.

Multiple-Constraint-Aware RWA Algorithms Based on a Comprehensive Evaluation Model:Use in Wavelength-Switched Optical Networks

Because of explosive growth in Internet traffic and high complexity of heterogeneous networks, improving the routing and wavelength assignment （RWA） algorithm in underlying optical networks has become very important. Where there are multiple links between different the node pairs, a traditional wavelength-assignment algorithm may be invalid for a wavelength-switched optical networks （WSON） that has directional blocking constraints. Also, impairments in network nodes and subsequent degradation of optical signals may cause modulation failure in the optical network. In this paper, we propose an RWA algorithm based on a novel evaluation model for a WSQN that has multiple constraints. The algorithm includes comprehensive evaluation model （CEM） and directional blocking constraint RWA based on CEM （DB-RWA）. Diverse constraints are abstracted into various constraint conditions in order to better assign routing and wavelength. We propose using the novel CEM to optimize routing according to an assessed value of constraints on transmission performance. This eliminates the effects of physical transmission impairments in a WSON. DB-RWA based on CEM abstracts directional blocking conditions in multiple links between network nodes into directional blocking constraints. It also satisfies rigorous network specifications and provides flexibility, scalability, and first-fit rate for the backbone, especially in multiple links between WSON nodes.

IFCEM based recognition method for target with interval-overlapped hybrid attributes

When the attributes of unknown targets are not just numerical attributes,but hybrid attributes containing linguistic attributes,the existing recognition methods are not effective.In addition,it is more difficult to identify the unknown targets densely distributed in the feature space,especially when there is interval overlap between attribute measurements of different target classes.To address these problems,a novel method based on intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model(IFCEM)is proposed.For numerical attributes,targets in the database are divided into individual classes and overlapping classes,and for linguistic attributes,continuous interval-valued linguistic term set(CIVLTS)is used to describe target characteristic.A cloud modelbased method and an area-based method are proposed to obtain intuitionistic fuzzy decision information of query target on numerical attributes and linguistic attributes respectively.An improved inverse weighted kernel fuzzy c-means(IWK-FCM)algorithm is proposed for solution of attribute weight vector.The possibility matrix is applied to determine the identity and category of query target.Finally,a case study composed of parameter sensitivity analysis,recognition accuracy analysis.and comparison with other methods,is taken to verify the superiority of the proposed method.

The Impact of Climate Change on Country’s Fragility Assessment

The damage costs of climate change have the potential to cause the breakdown of governmental structures. The paper focuses on how climate change impacts the state’s fragility and how the government should intervene. The paper chooses temperature and rainfall as climate change indicators and establishes a comprehensive evaluating model. The weighting method of the model is determined by combining coefficient of variation method and improved entropy method. The model will output the objective comprehensive evaluation of state’s fragility. The state’s fragilities are quantitatively divided into three levels consisting of the fragile, the vulnerable and the stable in the model. For validation, this paper selects six representative countries and analyzes the degree and the approach of climate change’s impacts on state’s fragility. The fragile values by the model are consistent with the situation in these countries. The state’s fragilities are also predicted by back propagation (BP) neural network. This paper analyzes the impacts of human interventions on improving state’s fragility. The results indicate that the paper could provide reasonable suggestions for the government in the aspects of when and how to take what kind of interventions to improve state’s fragility.

Post-evaluation of a water pollution control plan： methodology and case study

China has developed more than 20 water pollution control plans for river basins （RBWPs） since 1996. However, the implementation has generally lagged. This paper proposes a three-step, post-evaluation methodology to analyze the implementation result of a RBWP and its influential factors. First, a multi-attribute evaluation method based on an index system is established to score the enforcement results of a RBWP. Indicators measure how well a RBWP has achieved its objectives, which include water quality compliance, pollution load control, project construction, financial inputs, and related management requirements. Second, an interpretive structural model is used to detect the significant factors that affect RBWP implementation. This model can effectively analyze the cause-effect chain and hierarchical relationship among variables. Five groups of factors were identified, namely, plan preparation, water resource endowment, policy, institution, and management. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed in the third step to evaluate the extent to which these factors have influenced the execution result of a RBWP, including pre-post contrast, scenario analysis, and correlation analysis. This research then post-evaluated the implementation of the Huai River Basin water pollution control plans （H-RBWPs） over a period of 10 years as a case study. Results showed that the implementation of the H-RBWPs was unsatisfactory during 2001–2005, although it improved during 2006–2010. The poor execution of these plans was partially caused by the underestimation of regional economic development in combination with ineffective industrial structure adjustment policies. Therefore, this case study demonstrates the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed post-evaluation methodology.

Molecular Modification of Benzophenone Derivatives for Lower Bioenrichment and Toxicity Through the Pharmacophore Model

In this study,we used the improved extreme-difference normalization method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation values of bioenrichment and toxicity of benzophenone UV light absor-bers(BPs).Based on this parameter,a 3D-QSAR(QSAR=quantitative structure activity relationship)pharmacophore model was constructed using Discovery Studio software and applied to the mole-cular modification of BPs.With three commonly used ingredients in sunscreen 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone(BP-3),2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone(BP-6)and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone(BP-8)as target molecules,we performed BPs substitution reaction based on the binding positions of characteristic elements of the pharmacophore model and designed BP derivatives with reduced bioenrichment and toxicity.Stability and function evaluation showed that while the stability of 6 BP derivatives was enhanced,the light absorption capacity was also significantly enhanced(from 9.16%to 43.16%).Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the binding ability of BP-609 molecule with serum albumin was reduced by 16.37%compared with BP-6,and the binding with collagen could not occur spontaneously,which could be used as an explanation for the simultaneous reduction of its bioenrichment and toxicity.Besides,through the simulation of human metabolism,it was found that the liver metabolites of BP-609 were less toxic,which reduced the potential risk of human metabolism.It proved that the molecular modification scheme of BPs was environment-friendly.