Distribution Control Centers in the US and Europe:Commonalities,Differences,and Lessons

The distribution control center(DCC)has evolved from a sideshow in the traditional distribution service center to a major centerpiece of the utility moving into the decentralized world.Mostly,this is the place where much of the action is happening due to new forms of energy that are coining into the distribution system.This creates the flexibility of operation and in-creased complexity due to the need for increased coordination between the transmission control center and DCC.However,the US and European utilities have adapted to this change in very different ways.Firstly,we describe the research works done in a DCC and their evolutions from the perspectives of major US utilities,and those enhanced by the European perspective focusing on the coordination of distribution system operator and transmission system operator(DSO-TSO).We pres-ent the insights into the systems used in these control centers and the role of vendors in their evolution.Throughout this paper,we present the perspectives of challenges,operational capabilities,and the involvement of various parties who will be re-sponsible to make the transition successful.Key differences are pointed out on how distribution operations are conducted between the US and Europe.

The Precise Methods for the Measurement of Collimator Hole Angulation and Center of Rotation of SPECT by Adaptive Quality Control Phantom

The Adaptive Quality Control Phantom (AQCP) is a computer-controlled phantom which positions and moves a radioactive source in the Field of View (FOV) of an imaging nuclear medicine device on a definite path to produce a spatial distribution of gamma rays to perform QC Tests such as the Collimator Hole Angulation (CHA) and the Center of Rotation (COR) of Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography (SPECT). The collimator hole angulation for six collimators was measured using a point source and a computer-controlled cylindrical positioning system. In this method, the displacement of the image of a point source was examined as the AQCP was moving point source vertically away from the collimator face. The results of the high-accuracy measurement method of CHA show that the measurement accuracy for absolute angulation errors is better than ±0.024°. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of CHA for LEHR, LEHS and LEUHR collimators of SMV dual heads camera and LEGP, MEGP and HEGP of GE Millennium MG were evaluated to be 0.290°, 0.292°, 0.208°, 0.154°, 0.220° and 0.202°, respectively. It is to be added in this connection that the evaluated RMS of CHA for LEHR collimator with the distance variation from the collimator’s surface ±1 mm has been varied ±0.04 degree. A new method for the center of rotation assessment by AQCP is introduced and the results of this proposed method as compared with the routine QC test and their differences are discussed in detail. We defined and measured a new parameter called Dynamic Mechanical Error (DME) for applying the gantry motion correction.

Key Technologies for Decentralized Control Platform with Dynamic Evolution for Railway Transportation System

Key technologies as well as their principles were discussed for a decentralized control platform capable of dynamic evolution. The primary content includes the automatic decision-making mechanism and the algorithm of the control center migration, the principle and technology of system self-monitoring, the principle and technology of the switch-mode of remote control station, the information transmission technology, and the data consistency technology. These key technologies have shown a series of advanced characteristics for decentralized control platform.

Thruster direction controlling of assembled spacecraft based on gimbal suspension

The attitude control system design and its control effect are affected considerably by the mass-property parameters of the spacecraft. In the mission of on-orbit servicing, as fuel is expended, or the payloads are added or removed, the center of mass will be changed in certain axe; consequently, some thrusters＇ directions are deviated from the center of mass（CM） in certain plane. The CM of assembled spacecraft estimation and thruster direction control are studied. Firstly, the attitude dynamics of the assembled spacecraft is established based on the Newton-Euler method. Secondly, the estimation can be identified by the least recursive squares algorithm. Then, a scheme to control the thrusters＇ directions is proposed. By using the gimbal installed at the end of the boom, the angle of the thruster is controlled by driving the gimbal; therefore, thrusters can be directed to the CM again. Finally, numerical simulations are used to verify this scheme. Results of the numerical simulations clearly show that this control scheme is rational and feasible.

U. S. Academic Medical Centers Under the Managed Health Care Environment

This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of conducting cutting-edge biomedical researeh, pursuing clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and producing highly qUalified health professionals. However, policies to control costs through the use of managed care and limiting resources are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo survive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers must rely on their upper level managers to derive successful strategies. The methods used in this study include qualitative approaches in the form of key informants and case studies. In addition, a survey questionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the U. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneur and resource allocator roles are crucial to ensure the survival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continue their missions to serve the general public and promote their well-being.

Operation Indices for Smart Power Dispatch Center Design

With the development of power systems, power grid within a control area becomes much more complicated due to increasing number of nodes and renewable energy interconnections. The role of power system control center is more critical in maintaining system reliable and security operations. Latest developed information and communication technologies provide a platform to enhance the functions and performance of power system control center. Smart power dispatch concept will be the trend of future control center development. In this paper, we start from the human factors of control center design and propose operation indices to reduce the information presented to the system operator. The operation indices will be the important criteria in situation awareness of a power grid. Past, present, future and capability states of a power grid are also proposed to provide better visions to the operator of system conditions. The basic ideas of operation indices and operation states are discussed in the paper. In the end, the design factors for a power dispatch cockpit are discussed.

基于集控中心的沙溪流域梯级水电站水调自动化系统建设研究

闽江主流沙溪流域集控中心建成后,必须构建基于集控中心的流域水调自动化系统,以集合全流域水情信息,从而加快流域梯级水电站水库调度的决策与响应速度,提高沙溪流域水电集群的综合效益。基于集控中心的沙溪流域梯级电站水调自动化系统建设包括架构“集控中心”、水调自动化系统建设模式、业务节点互联、水情测报系统站点布设、通信组网设计、洪水预报对象规划等,该方案可对水调系统全要素和水调全过程进行数字化映射、智慧化模拟,实现与水电站、设备、气象的同步仿真运行、虚实交互、迭代优化,支撑精准化决策,助力流域梯级水电站绿色高质量发展。

Defect control at nanoscale and flux pinning enhancement in MgB_2 superconductor

Defect control at nanoscale of MgB2 by doping various nanoparticles including Ti, C, nano-diamond, and HOB4, and their roles played to enhance flux pinning force in MgB2 are compared and analyzed. These nanodopants have different chemical and physical properties, thus bring about different pinning efficiency, especially nanodopants with strong magnetic moment are particularly interesting as pinning centers in MgB2 since magnetic impurities usually have a stronger interaction with magnetic flux line than nonmagnetic impurities and may exert a stronger force to trap the flux lines when they are properly introduced into the superconducting matrix.

Special control system of satellite-gesture simulation

To implement a simulation of fir-floating-platform with higher frequency vibration, A satdlite-gesture emulation system with the functions of selectable high-frequency vibration-simulation and high-accuracy stability （with the control resolution within ± 5 × 10^-4 angle-degrees）, controlled by using filtered-feedback and fuzzy-preeminence technology is designed and structured. The system is based on the analysis of dynamic and static composed-force-moment and disturhance factors. Through computational simulation, laboratory experiments and field-demo, it is proved that the system operation is available, practical, and propitious for minifying drive-power. These system structures and control strategies can be widely used in the fields such as astronomy, space navigation, deep-sea operation, high altitude motion, and weightless experiment, where a floating body must be controlled or simulated.

A Survey of Human-centered Intelligent Robots:Issues and Challenges

Intelligent techniques foster the dissemination of new discoveries and novel technologies that advance the ability of robots to assist and support humans. The human-centered intelligent robot has become an important research field that spans all of the robot capabilities including navigation, intelligent control, pattern recognition and human-robot interaction. This paper focuses on the recent achievements and presents a survey of existing works on human-centered robots. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive survey of the recent development of the human-centered intelligent robot and discuss the issues and challenges in the field.

Design of Mechanical Smoke Exhaust System in Large Space of Convention Center

The volumetric flow rate of smoke generated from the fire in large space often reaches to hundreds of thousands CMH because of extended floor height and as it’s more difficult to isolate the smoke to the limited area, comparing to normal-scale building, design and operation of effective smoke control system for large space is more than important. In this study, with the analysis model for such a large space as exhibition hall or conference room in conventional center, design of mechanical smoke exhaust system was conducted based on currently-available design standard which was then followed by numerical analysis of the design using 3D numerical analysis method. For conference room at 2.0 MW heat release rate, 99,173 CMH flow rate is required, if smoke layer is maintained at 60% of the floor height and for exhibition hall at 8.8 MW with 80% of floor height, flow rate required is 219,802 CMH, which are incorporated into the design. In view of 3D numerical analysis, accuracy of the design according to algebraic expression is sufficient.

基于混合整数规划的数据中心冷却能耗优化

以广州某数据中心水蓄冷冷却系统为研究对象,提出了一种基于混合整数线性规划的模型预测控制方法.该方法以数据中心冷却系统的能耗最低为优化目标,通过对冷却系统和环境条件进行建模,并结合能源成本和冷却系统效率,确定最佳的冷水机组运行策略和水蓄冷冷却系统的时序控制.在优化过程中,考虑了冷水机组的最小连续运行时间对冷却系统能耗的影响,并确定了最佳取值,提高了机组的稳定性,减少了因冷机频繁启停带来的能耗浪费.通过全年能耗模拟,相较于传统控制方法,该方法将总能耗降低了6.52%,总运行费用降低了6.93%.

The Effect of COVID-19 on the Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy in Low Risk Area: A Single-Center Descriptive

Objective: To investigate the influence of the new coronavirus epidemic on tumor radiotherapy patients in Zigong City, and provide radiotherapy feasibility and safety in other prefecture-level or low-risk areas. Methods: Retrospective Collection of data from January 31, 2020, in our hospital, this time period is an epidemic group. The control group was data from January 31, 2019-May 31, in our hospital. Patient data includes gender, age, tumor type, hospitalization fee, average hospitalization day, radiotherapy completion, treatment destination, and other information. Results: The patients with epidemic groups and control groups were 320 and 237, respectively, and the radiotherapy patients increased by 25.9%, increasing patients mainly from other departures outside the tumor department underperformance reform intervention. The epidemic group of brain and breast tumor patients were 39 and 37, respectively, with statistical differences (P < 0.05) compared to the control group (25 and 16 respectively). The number of tumor radiotherapy patients in other parts increased, but there was no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Inpatient costs, the average hospitalization day, radiotherapy completion, the purpose of treatment, and other data epidemic groups and control groups have no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The number of COVID-2019 epidemic interventions has increased the number of cancer radiotherapy patients in our hospital, and the epidemic situation has no effect on hospitalization, the average hospitalization day, radiotherapy, and the like. Optimizing the process of clinical treatment, strict prevention and control measures can ensure timely and safe radiotherapy in low-risk areas.

Modeling TCP Incast Issue in Data Center Networks and an Adaptive Application-Layer Solution

In data centers, the transmission control protocol(TCP) incast causes catastrophic goodput degradation to applications with a many-to-one traffic pattern. In this paper, we intend to tame incast at the receiver-side application. Towards this goal, we first develop an analytical model that formulates the incast probability as a function of connection variables and network environment settings. We combine the model with the optimization theory and derive some insights into minimizing the incast probability through tuning connection variables related to applications. Then,enlightened by the analytical results, we propose an adaptive application-layer solution to the TCP incast.The solution equally allocates advertised windows to concurrent connections, and dynamically adapts the number of concurrent connections to the varying conditions. Simulation results show that our solution consistently eludes incast and achieves high goodput in various scenarios including the ones with multiple bottleneck links and background TCP traffic.

中国消费中心建设:现有格局、调整逻辑与发展路径

在制造业大国、生产中心背景下,我国又提出经济的消费转型,要建设消费大国,打造(国际)消费中心(城市)。当前,我国一些传统消费型城市经历了历史嬗变,后发的消费型城市更多立足于生产制造,一些偏远、基层城镇逐渐向消费中心转型,但大多数消费中心还未能实现专门性独立发展。从生产中心到消费中心有着很深的内在调整逻辑,包括经济增长动力改变,由供给推动向需求拉动转型;社会主要矛盾改变,更多化解发展不平衡不充分矛盾;经济水平提高,消费大发展的条件已经具备;资源和环境面临危机,需要以消费经济化解生产经济紧约束;国内外环境改变,消费中心担负经济突围重任。我国消费中心建设还存在诸多制约因素,如收入分配不合理,区域消费制约严重;过多生产作业加班,挤占生活消费空间;城市拥挤,消费流动不畅;公共设施落后,不能支撑消费大场景;更重生产,消费经济功能发挥有限;片面追求物质财富的拥有,全民生活消费筹划建设不够;内卷化竞争过于激烈,消费激情难以焕发;过多追名逐利,消费价值观有待重建。需要进行相关体制机制建设,政策调整方向包括适应生产劳动人工时间减少的趋势,增加消费时间;调整城市布局,畅通消费流;强化公共消费设施建设,营造消费大场景;调整收入分配,构建外向型消费结构;深化规律性认识,发挥好后工业时代消费对经济的主功能作用;引导消费,积极筹划消费蓝图;防范内卷化竞争,焕发全民消费激情;全面发展,重构生产价值和消费价值观体系。

Development of a Simulation-Based Intelligent Decision Support System for the Adaptive Real-Time Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems

This paper describes a simulation-based intelligent decision support system (IDSS) for real time control of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with machine and tool flexibility. The manufacturing processes involved in FMS are complicated since each operation may be done by several machining centers. The system design approach is built around the theory of dynamic supervisory control based on a rule-based expert system. The paper considers flexibility in operation assignment and scheduling of multi-purpose machining centers which have different tools with their own efficiency. The architecture of the proposed controller consists of a simulator module coordinated with an IDSS via a real time event handler for implementing inter-process synchronization. The controller’s performance is validated by benchmark test problem.

网络拥塞控制方法综述

网络拥塞控制方法是决定网络传输性能的关键因素.近几年,网络不断普及、网络带宽不断增长、用户对网络性能的需求不断提升,为拥塞控制算法的设计带来挑战.为适应不同的网络环境,近期不少新颖的拥塞控制算法被研究者们提出来,极大地提升网络的传输性能,改善用户体验.综述最新拥塞控制算法设计思想,将其分为预约调度式、直接测量式、基于机器学习式以及迭代探测式4大类,分别介绍相应的代表性拥塞控制算法,并进一步对各种拥塞控制思想方法的优缺点进行对比和分析,最后展望拥塞控制的未来发展方向,以启发该领域的研究.

Pressure distribution of combining center cavity slipper for axial piston pump

In order to improve lubricating characteristics of slippers in an axial piston pump, the combining center cavity slipper approach was proposed based on slipper shape and moving characteristic. The cylindrical coordinate was used in the lubricant area and mesh was made. The blockweight approach was implemented to deal with non-coincidence of mesh and shallow recess border in numerical method. The finite control volume method was applied in calculating pressure distribution. The flow conservation equation and film thickness model were resolved through Gauss-Siedel relaxation iteration. The calculation and analysis results indicate that compared to the slipper （1） slip- per pressure distribution is improved; （2） hydrodynamic pressure of the combining slipper is greatly increased; （3） inclining degree is greatly reduced; （4） negative pressure in lubricant film disappear. So the combining center cavity slipper is lubricated better.

2023年江苏省疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力现状调查

目的了解2023年江苏省各级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力现状,分析存在的问题及其原因。方法于2023年6月,采用普查的方式,问卷调查江苏省所有市级和县级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力(人员配置、指标检测能力及其计量认证通过率)现状,并对不同级别、不同地区疾控机构进行比较分析。结果调查覆盖江苏省全省13个设区市,95个县(市、区)。共回收疾病预防控制机构调查问卷111份,其中市级13份,县级98份;调查内容涵盖人员队伍状况和实验室检测能力5大类31项检测指标。在人员配置方面,市级疾控机构环境卫生岗位设置以专职为主,县级以兼职为主。31项检测指标中,以市级为单位,13家市级总指标计量认证通过率为86.1%(347/403),以县级为单位,98家县级总指标计量认证通过率为51.2%(1555/3038);在计量认证通过率方面,市级疾控机构高于县级。在具备检测能力且通过计量认证指标监测能力方面,室内空气PM2.5等8项;公共用品用具pH值等2项;游泳池水、浸脚池水及沐浴水浊度等5项指标监测能力在不同级别疾控机构之间存在差异(χ2为3.87~42.05,P<0.05)。不同地区疾控机构在31项检测指标中,室内空气类氨和集中空调通风系统冷却水及沐浴水类嗜肺军团菌在不同地区疾控机构之间存在差异(χ^(2)分别为8.81和6.39,P<0.05)。监测能力整体评估显示,市级疾控机构公共场所卫生监测能力普遍高于县级,且苏中地区监测能力超过苏南和苏北地区。结论按监测能力综合评估,江苏省县级疾控机构公共场所监测能力总体较低,不同级别疾控机构中市级在人员配置及卫生监测能力上均高于县级,不同地区疾控机构在人员配置及卫生监测能力上存在地区差异,苏北地区以年轻人为主,苏中地区监测能力超过苏南和苏北地区。