01 Differentiation-dependent changes in DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation: possible roles of these epigenetic factors in mouse spermatogenesis Takehiko Koji Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki ...01 Differentiation-dependent changes in DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation: possible roles of these epigenetic factors in mouse spermatogenesis Takehiko Koji Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan Mammalian spermatogenesis is a well-ordered process, consisting of spermatogonial mitosis, spermatocytic meiosis and spermiogenesis.The process is also characterized by successive chromatin condensation and a high frequency of spermatogenic cell apoptosis.Therefore, epigenetic factors can be implicated in the regulation of spermatogenesis and any epigenetic disorder may lead to the induction of apoptosis. When we analyzed global level of DNA methylation by immunohistochemistry with anti-5-methylcytosine in paraffin-embedded sections of mouse testis, there was no difference among any stages of germ cells.展开更多
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. An association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has been reported. However, few comprehensive reports have ...Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. An association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has been reported. However, few comprehensive reports have examined the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on oral mucosal epithelial cells. This study clarified the effect of diabetes on oral mucosal epithelium cells. Methods: Cells from 44 patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 healthy controls were collected from the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lateral margin of the tongue by exfoliation. Samples were subjected to Papanicolaou staining;immunochemical staining using anti-AGE antibody, anti-Ki-67 antibody, and anti-p53 antibody;and lectin chemical staining. Furthermore, the nuclear area and cytoplasmic area were measured, and the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio was calculated. Results: A chromatin condensation-like substance was found in samples from some diabetic patients. In AGE staining, positive cells were found in both groups, although the rate of positive cells tended to be higher in diabetic patients. No positive findings were found for Ki-67 and p53 antibodies. PNA and RCA120 showed differences in staining between diabetic patients and controls. The nuclear area was significantly expanded in diabetic patients (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in the cytoplasmic area. The nuclear/cytoplasm ratio was significantly increased in diabetic patients (P Conclusion: These findings suggest that in patients with persistent hyperglycemia, changes in the sugar chain terminal of the cell surface may influence mucosal epithelial cell differentiation. The appearance of chromatin-like substances may be an indicator of the need for better management of type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Cytochemical methods were used to evaluate the changes of intracellularcalcium,plasma membrane permeability and their relationship during ischemia andreflow in rat renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.In addition,th...Cytochemical methods were used to evaluate the changes of intracellularcalcium,plasma membrane permeability and their relationship during ischemia andreflow in rat renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.In addition,the preventive ef-fects of inosine and Ligusticum wallichii on ischemia and reperfusion cell injurywere studied.The results showed that the preventive effects of inosine andLigusticum wallichii were obvious.Redistribution and slight increase of calciumoccurred during the ischemic period in the proximal tubule cells.In this periodthe changes of plasma membrane permeability were gentle.Following the exten-sion of reflow time,a large amount of calcium deposited in the cells andmitochondria.The plasma membrane became broken.There was a positivecorrelation between the calcium level in mitochondria and that in cytoplasm.展开更多
Effects of several doses of<sup>60</sup>Co gamma irradiation on mouse macrophages were in-vestigated by means of quantitative cytochemistry.It was found that the activities of lysosomalenzymes（acid phosph...Effects of several doses of<sup>60</sup>Co gamma irradiation on mouse macrophages were in-vestigated by means of quantitative cytochemistry.It was found that the activities of lysosomalenzymes（acid phosphatase（AcPase）and a-naphthyl acetate esterose（ANAE））,adenosinetriphosphatase（ATPase）and positive substances of periodic acid Schiff’s reaction（PAS）inperitoneal macrophages were increased after total-body irradiation （1,3Gy）,and decreasedwith the increase of doses of total-body irradiation（5,8Gy）.Meanwhile,the phagocytic ca-pacity and the size of peritoneal macrophages of irradiated mice also changed as compared withthe control group.展开更多
Little is known about the morphology and location of macromolecules, especially proteins and carbohydrates, in vegetative and reproductive structures of mangrove species, including Bostrychia radicans. Therefore, to g...Little is known about the morphology and location of macromolecules, especially proteins and carbohydrates, in vegetative and reproductive structures of mangrove species, including Bostrychia radicans. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of tetrasporogenesis in B. radicans, cytochemical, structural and ultrastructual analyses were performed. Thalli were collected from mangroves in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fertile branches were fixed and processed for light microscopy (LM), confocal microcopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The LM sections were stained with toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Coomassie brilliant blue. Tetrasporogenesis occurs in the pericentral cells of the terminal branches. This process is initially characterized by an increase in cell volume, resulting from the proliferation of organelles. The young tetrasporangia remain connected to the basal cell by pit connections. After a considerable increase in volume, the tetrasporocytes divide tetrahedrally, giving rise to haploid spores. During this process, there is an increasing production of starch grains, causing the organelles to group. As the organelles proliferate, the plasma membrane undergoes simultaneous invaginations toward the tetrasporangium center. The most conspicuous organelle throughout tetrasporogenesis was the Golgi complex. Polysaccharidic components are predominant in the tetrasporangium cell wall throughout tetrasporogenesis. Although protein components prevail in the cytoplasm of younger tetrasporangia, there is a predominance of reserve material with maturation. In the initial phase, there is an increase in the number of chloroplasts and a significant increment of Golgi bodies which contribute to the formation of the amorphous portion of the cell wall and possibly the biosynthesis of starch grains.展开更多
Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is an uncommon clinical entity. It is a type of acute leukemia with features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and for this reason is designated as mixed-lineag...Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is an uncommon clinical entity. It is a type of acute leukemia with features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and for this reason is designated as mixed-lineage, hybrid or biphenotypic acute leukemia. As strict diagnostic criteria have only recently been established, the precise incidence among acute leukemia is uncertain, although it is likely to account for approximately less then 5% of all acute leukemia. BAL is now collectively considered as “mixed phenotype acute leukemia” (MPAL). We hereby report two cases of a rare disease, BAL from our institution in the light of morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometry and review of literature regarding these cases are described.展开更多
The localization of the alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in isolated rat neutrophils was ultrastructurally observed to further study the function and mechanism of the neutrophils in defending the body against in...The localization of the alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in isolated rat neutrophils was ultrastructurally observed to further study the function and mechanism of the neutrophils in defending the body against invading microbes. Methods: The rat neutrophils were isolated from the whole blood and peritoneum. The ALPase cytochemical and ultrastructural observation were performed in the research. Results: It was found that ALPase-positive granules were localized in both rat blood and peritoneal neutrophils,which were different from the traditional azurophil and the special granules, and located in cytoplasm in the forms of some novel vacuoles and slender rod-shaped structures. These structures were easily upregulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA ) and/or N-formyl--fen--phe (fMLP) treatment, and shifted toward the surface of the cells. The upregulation was easily observed 2. 5 min after the stimulation with PMA. Most of the alkaline phosphatase-positive granules fused with each other at first, and some of them were connected with the cell surface plasma membrane at 15 min after the stimulation with PMA or fMLP. Conclusion: A novel alkaline phosphatase - positive granule exists in isolated rat neutrophils and may originate from the Golgi complexes of the neutrophils. The activity of the granules relates to at least activation of protein kinase C.展开更多
文摘01 Differentiation-dependent changes in DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation: possible roles of these epigenetic factors in mouse spermatogenesis Takehiko Koji Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan Mammalian spermatogenesis is a well-ordered process, consisting of spermatogonial mitosis, spermatocytic meiosis and spermiogenesis.The process is also characterized by successive chromatin condensation and a high frequency of spermatogenic cell apoptosis.Therefore, epigenetic factors can be implicated in the regulation of spermatogenesis and any epigenetic disorder may lead to the induction of apoptosis. When we analyzed global level of DNA methylation by immunohistochemistry with anti-5-methylcytosine in paraffin-embedded sections of mouse testis, there was no difference among any stages of germ cells.
文摘Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. An association between diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease has been reported. However, few comprehensive reports have examined the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on oral mucosal epithelial cells. This study clarified the effect of diabetes on oral mucosal epithelium cells. Methods: Cells from 44 patients with type 2 diabetes and 10 healthy controls were collected from the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lateral margin of the tongue by exfoliation. Samples were subjected to Papanicolaou staining;immunochemical staining using anti-AGE antibody, anti-Ki-67 antibody, and anti-p53 antibody;and lectin chemical staining. Furthermore, the nuclear area and cytoplasmic area were measured, and the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio was calculated. Results: A chromatin condensation-like substance was found in samples from some diabetic patients. In AGE staining, positive cells were found in both groups, although the rate of positive cells tended to be higher in diabetic patients. No positive findings were found for Ki-67 and p53 antibodies. PNA and RCA120 showed differences in staining between diabetic patients and controls. The nuclear area was significantly expanded in diabetic patients (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in the cytoplasmic area. The nuclear/cytoplasm ratio was significantly increased in diabetic patients (P Conclusion: These findings suggest that in patients with persistent hyperglycemia, changes in the sugar chain terminal of the cell surface may influence mucosal epithelial cell differentiation. The appearance of chromatin-like substances may be an indicator of the need for better management of type 2 diabetes.
文摘Cytochemical methods were used to evaluate the changes of intracellularcalcium,plasma membrane permeability and their relationship during ischemia andreflow in rat renal proximal tubule epithelial cells.In addition,the preventive ef-fects of inosine and Ligusticum wallichii on ischemia and reperfusion cell injurywere studied.The results showed that the preventive effects of inosine andLigusticum wallichii were obvious.Redistribution and slight increase of calciumoccurred during the ischemic period in the proximal tubule cells.In this periodthe changes of plasma membrane permeability were gentle.Following the exten-sion of reflow time,a large amount of calcium deposited in the cells andmitochondria.The plasma membrane became broken.There was a positivecorrelation between the calcium level in mitochondria and that in cytoplasm.
文摘Effects of several doses of<sup>60</sup>Co gamma irradiation on mouse macrophages were in-vestigated by means of quantitative cytochemistry.It was found that the activities of lysosomalenzymes（acid phosphatase（AcPase）and a-naphthyl acetate esterose（ANAE））,adenosinetriphosphatase（ATPase）and positive substances of periodic acid Schiff’s reaction（PAS）inperitoneal macrophages were increased after total-body irradiation （1,3Gy）,and decreasedwith the increase of doses of total-body irradiation（5,8Gy）.Meanwhile,the phagocytic ca-pacity and the size of peritoneal macrophages of irradiated mice also changed as compared withthe control group.
文摘Little is known about the morphology and location of macromolecules, especially proteins and carbohydrates, in vegetative and reproductive structures of mangrove species, including Bostrychia radicans. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of tetrasporogenesis in B. radicans, cytochemical, structural and ultrastructual analyses were performed. Thalli were collected from mangroves in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fertile branches were fixed and processed for light microscopy (LM), confocal microcopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The LM sections were stained with toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff and Coomassie brilliant blue. Tetrasporogenesis occurs in the pericentral cells of the terminal branches. This process is initially characterized by an increase in cell volume, resulting from the proliferation of organelles. The young tetrasporangia remain connected to the basal cell by pit connections. After a considerable increase in volume, the tetrasporocytes divide tetrahedrally, giving rise to haploid spores. During this process, there is an increasing production of starch grains, causing the organelles to group. As the organelles proliferate, the plasma membrane undergoes simultaneous invaginations toward the tetrasporangium center. The most conspicuous organelle throughout tetrasporogenesis was the Golgi complex. Polysaccharidic components are predominant in the tetrasporangium cell wall throughout tetrasporogenesis. Although protein components prevail in the cytoplasm of younger tetrasporangia, there is a predominance of reserve material with maturation. In the initial phase, there is an increase in the number of chloroplasts and a significant increment of Golgi bodies which contribute to the formation of the amorphous portion of the cell wall and possibly the biosynthesis of starch grains.
文摘Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is an uncommon clinical entity. It is a type of acute leukemia with features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and for this reason is designated as mixed-lineage, hybrid or biphenotypic acute leukemia. As strict diagnostic criteria have only recently been established, the precise incidence among acute leukemia is uncertain, although it is likely to account for approximately less then 5% of all acute leukemia. BAL is now collectively considered as “mixed phenotype acute leukemia” (MPAL). We hereby report two cases of a rare disease, BAL from our institution in the light of morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometry and review of literature regarding these cases are described.
文摘The localization of the alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity in isolated rat neutrophils was ultrastructurally observed to further study the function and mechanism of the neutrophils in defending the body against invading microbes. Methods: The rat neutrophils were isolated from the whole blood and peritoneum. The ALPase cytochemical and ultrastructural observation were performed in the research. Results: It was found that ALPase-positive granules were localized in both rat blood and peritoneal neutrophils,which were different from the traditional azurophil and the special granules, and located in cytoplasm in the forms of some novel vacuoles and slender rod-shaped structures. These structures were easily upregulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA ) and/or N-formyl--fen--phe (fMLP) treatment, and shifted toward the surface of the cells. The upregulation was easily observed 2. 5 min after the stimulation with PMA. Most of the alkaline phosphatase-positive granules fused with each other at first, and some of them were connected with the cell surface plasma membrane at 15 min after the stimulation with PMA or fMLP. Conclusion: A novel alkaline phosphatase - positive granule exists in isolated rat neutrophils and may originate from the Golgi complexes of the neutrophils. The activity of the granules relates to at least activation of protein kinase C.
