Cytoplasmic effects are important agronomical phenomena that have generated widespread interest in both theory and application. In the present study, five high yield rice cultivars（Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica） in ...Cytoplasmic effects are important agronomical phenomena that have generated widespread interest in both theory and application. In the present study, five high yield rice cultivars（Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica） in large-scale cultivation in northeast China were determined to possess Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica-type cytoplasm using cytoplasmic subspecies-specific molecular markers. This was confirmed by cytoplasmic genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） and functional gene sequencing. Two of these five japonica cultivars were core breeding parents with high yield and the other three were super-high-yield varieties registered by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. We constructed nuclear substitution lines to further demonstrate whether and how this indica-type cytoplasm contributed to yield improvement by comparing yield components. The results showed that under the same japonica nuclear background, the lines with indica-type cytoplasm had a significant decrease in tillers in exchange for increased grain number per panicle compared with their recurrent parents. Our results implied that botanical basis of this cytoplasmic effect was to reduce the plant＇s branching differentiation to produce more floral organs under the constant nutrition. Our findings open another door for the utilization of inter-subspecific hybridization for the improvement of rice cultivar.展开更多
A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its...A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics, but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm, nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M0, S1, Sv, D2, D and B, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis)-B174, (Ae. squarrosa)-352-35 (Ae. cylindrica)-352-35, (Ae. cylindria)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)-NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)-352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371587 and 31430062)the Cultivation Plan for Youth Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Talents of Liaoning Province (2014046)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2014M560221)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT), China
文摘Cytoplasmic effects are important agronomical phenomena that have generated widespread interest in both theory and application. In the present study, five high yield rice cultivars（Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica） in large-scale cultivation in northeast China were determined to possess Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica-type cytoplasm using cytoplasmic subspecies-specific molecular markers. This was confirmed by cytoplasmic genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） and functional gene sequencing. Two of these five japonica cultivars were core breeding parents with high yield and the other three were super-high-yield varieties registered by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. We constructed nuclear substitution lines to further demonstrate whether and how this indica-type cytoplasm contributed to yield improvement by comparing yield components. The results showed that under the same japonica nuclear background, the lines with indica-type cytoplasm had a significant decrease in tillers in exchange for increased grain number per panicle compared with their recurrent parents. Our results implied that botanical basis of this cytoplasmic effect was to reduce the plant＇s branching differentiation to produce more floral organs under the constant nutrition. Our findings open another door for the utilization of inter-subspecific hybridization for the improvement of rice cultivar.
基金the Foundation of National sib Five-year-plan of China
文摘A series of comparative studies was carried out on the genetic effects of 25 alien cytoplasms of wheat on the growth potential, heading stage, fertility, resistance against diseases, important agronomic traits and its heterosis of 125 nuclei-cytoplasmic hybrids of wheat. The results indicated that there were clearly effects of alien cytoplasms on some characteristics, but the nucleus still exerted main effect on other characteristics. The effect of interactions between nucleus and cytoplasm was comparative obvious in some combination. Consequently, when we utilize the effects of alien cytoplasms, we should pay full attention to the facts such as the characteristic to be improved, the effects of cytoplasm, nucleus, the nucleus-cytoplasm interactions on that characteristics. From the preliminary studies, we believed that the cytoplasmic types of M0, S1, Sv, D2, D and B, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrids of (Ae. sharonensis)-B174, (Ae. squarrosa)-352-35 (Ae. cylindrica)-352-35, (Ae. cylindria)-E EN-1, (Ae. cylindrica)-NPFP, and (Ae. speltoides)-352-35 would have some utilization potentiality in cultivar improvement.
