New Knowledge Network Evaluation Method for Design Rationale Management

Current design rationale （DR） systems have not demonstrated the value of the approach in practice since little attention is put to the evaluation method of DR knowledge. To systematize knowledge management process for future computer-aided DR applications, a prerequisite is to provide the measure for the DR knowledge. In this paper, a new knowledge network evaluation method for DR management is presented. The method characterizes the DR knowledge value from four perspectives, namely, the design rationale structure scale, association knowledge and reasoning ability, degree of design justification support and degree of knowledge representation conciseness. The DR knowledge comprehensive value is also measured by the proposed method. To validate the proposed method, different style of DR knowledge network and the performance of the proposed measure are discussed. The evaluation method has been applied in two realistic design cases and compared with the structural measures. The research proposes the DR knowledge evaluation method which can provide object metric and selection basis for the DR knowledge reuse during the product design process. In addition, the method is proved to be more effective guidance and support for the application and management of DR knowledge.

Recent progress in the machine learning-assisted rational design of alloys

Alloys designed with the traditional trial and error method have encountered several problems,such as long trial cycles and high costs.The rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence provides a new path for the efficient development of metallic materials,that is,machine learning-assisted design.In this paper,the basic strategy for the machine learning-assisted rational design of alloys was introduced.Research progress in the property-oriented reversal design of alloy composition,the screening design of alloy composition based on models established using element physical and chemical features or microstructure factors,and the optimal design of alloy composition and process parameters based on iterative feedback optimization was reviewed.Results showed the great advantages of machine learning,including high efficiency and low cost.Future development trends for the machine learning-assisted rational design of alloys were also discussed.Interpretable modeling,integrated modeling,high-throughput combination,multi-objective optimization,and innovative platform building were suggested as fields of great interest.

Efficient Activity Enhancement of a Lipase from Sporisorium reilianum for the Synthesis of a Moxifloxacin Chiral Intermediate via Rational Design

Lipase-catalyzed stereoselective resolution of cis-(±)-dimethyl 1-acetylpiperidine-2,3-dicarboxylate(cis-(±)-1)is an attractive route for the synthesis of(S,S)-2,8-diazobicyclo[4.3.0]nonane,an important chiral intermediate of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic,moxifloxacin.In our previous study,a lipase from Sporisorium reilianum(SRL)was identified to possess excellent thermostability and pH stability.However,the low enzymatic activity of the SRL is a challenge that must be addressed.A rational design was initially employed for SRL tailoring according to the engineered Candida antarctica lipase B(CALB),resulting in a beneficial variant called SRL-I194N/V195L.Subsequently,two key amino acid residues in loop 6,L145 and L154,which might modulate the lid conformation between open and closed,were identified.A tetra-site variant,SRL-I194N/V195L/L145V/L154G(V13),with a significantly enhanced activity of 87.8 U∙mg^(−1) was obtained;this value was 2195-fold higher than that of wild-type SRL.Variant V13 was used to prepare optically pure(2S,3R)-dimethyl 1-acetylpiperidine-2,3-dicarboxylate((2S,3R)-1),resolving 1 mol∙L^(−1) cis-(±)-1 with a conversion of 49.9%in 2 h and absolute stereoselectivity(E>200).Excellent stability with a half-life of 92.5 h was also observed at 50℃.Overall,the study findings reveal a lipase with high activity toward cis-(±)-1 at an industrial level and may offer a general strategy for enhancing the enzyme activity of other lipases and other classes of enzymes with a lid moiety.

Exploration in Ways and Rationales of Designing A Desirable Webquest

Web Quest is an advanced tool which could provide the significant scaffolding to support instructors through incorporating learning objects within systematic designs of learning activities. The focus of this article is to explore how a Webquest is designed reasonably and what rationales are implied in such a design through a case study of Webquest design for a group of ESL/EFL learners in Grade 12. The result indicates that a Webquest which is guided by the principles of constructivist problem solving, social interaction and scaffolding learning can be regarded as a desirable Webquest.

高职职业提升英语课程设置理据和课程价值

为贯彻落实《高等职业教育专科英语课程标准(2021年版)》,在新课标的理论框架中,对新课标课程结构内容进行梳理和分析,在新课标课程结构这一开放平台上,探究高职英语课程体系职业提升英语课程的理据内涵,进一步明确职业提升英语课程在高职英语课程体系中的地位与价值。通过进一步深入认知职业提升英语,让教师重视职业提升英语课程,以职业提升英语课程建设为抓手,充分发挥高职英语在高等职业教育中的职能。

Machine learning-based ionic liquids design and process simulation for CO_(2) separation from flue gas

Rational design of ionic liquids(ILs),which is highly dependent on the accuracy of the model used,has always been crucial for CO_(2)separation from flue gas.In this study,a support vector machine(SVM)model which is a machine learning approach is established,so as to improve the prediction accuracy and range of IL melting points.Based on IL melting points data with 600 training data and 168 testing data,the estimated average absolute relative deviations(AARD)and squared correlation coefficients(R^(2))are 3.11%,0.8820 and 5.12%,0.8542 for the training set and testing set of the SVM model,respectively.Then,through the melting points model and other rational design processes including conductor-like screening model for real solvents(COSMO-RS)calculation and physical property constraints,cyano-based ILs are obtained,in which tetracyanoborate[TCB]-is often ruled out due to incorrect estimation of melting points model in the literature.Subsequently,by means of process simulation using Aspen Plus,optimal IL are compared with excellent IL reported in the literature.Finally,1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide[EMIM][TCM]is selected as a most suitable solvent for CO_(2)separation from flue gas,the process of which leads to 12.9%savings on total annualized cost compared to that of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide[EMIM][Tf_(2)N].

NEW DESIGN METHOD FOR HYPOID GEARS

A digital model is presented for the purpose of design, manufacture and measurement of hypoid gear, based on the non-uniform rational B-spline surface （NURBS） method. The digital model and the function-oriented active design technique are combined to form a new design method for hypoid gears. The method is well adaptable to CNC bevel gear cutting machines and CNC-controlled gear inspection machines, and can be used to create the initial machine tool cutting location data or program measurement path. The presented example verifies the method is correct.

数据故事化:教育数据要素价值转化的新视角

随着教育数字化转型在向数据纵深推进,对于教育数据要素的见解提取与价值转化不仅是分析人员的工作范畴,而且开始依赖处在数据生成与应用现场的教育者、学习者。然而,这些用户在数据要素的认知解读及决策转化上还存在较大挑战。数据故事化为教育数据要素的开发利用与价值转化研究提供了新视角。研究概述了数据故事化的概念内涵与构成要素,重点刻画了数据故事化的设计参考模型,分析了数据故事化对于教育大数据价值转化的启示。研究认为,数据故事化是数据价值转化的深度设计逻辑,主张整合叙事要素、模型与方法,对抽象数据进行叙述化编排、情境化再植、策展性解释,通过拓展设计要素、厘清设计特征、关注设计事理等新给养,支持非数据专业用户对教育数据的深度认知与价值转化。

An Intelligent Manufacturing Platform of Polymers:Polymeric Material Genome Engineering

Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.

A review on the rational design and fabrication of nanosized highentropy materials

High-entropy materials are mainly composed of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and their derivates.Among them,HEAs account for a big part.As a new kind of alloy,they are now arousing great interests because of their high mechanical strength,extraordinary fracture toughness,corrosion resistance compared with traditional alloys.These characteristics allow the use of HEAs in various fields,including mechanical manufacturing,heat-resistant,radiation-resistant,corrosion-resistant,wear-resistant coatings,energy storage,heterocatalysis,etc.In order to promote the extensive application of HEAs,it is of significance to realize their rational design and preparation.In this paper,a systematic review focusing on the rational design and fabrication of nanosized HEAs is given.The design principles of how to match different elements in HEAs and the premise for the formation of single-phase solid solution HEAs are first illustrated.Computation methods for the prediction of formation conditions and properties of HEAs are also in discussion.Then,a detailed description and comparison of the synthesis methods of HEAs and their derivate,as well as their growing mechanism under various synthetic environments is provided.The commonly used characterization methods for the detection of HEAs,along with the typical cases of the application of HEAs in industrial materials,energy storage materials and catalytic materials are also included.Finally,the challenges and perspectives in the design and synthesis of HEAs would be proposed.We hope this review will give guidance for the future development of HEAs materials.

小学语文作业“学作评”一体化的育人价值与设计理路

小学语文作业“学作评”一体化,是发挥作业协同育人作用的重要改革路径,有效破解了“教学—作业—评价”脱节的现实困境。基于教学、作业和评价三者关系的再审视,“学作评”一体化旨在让作业成为促进教学与评价双向互通的平衡支点。“学作评”一体化的作业设计在促进课内外知识的双向融通、搭建学生自主学习的脚手架以及架起教学与评价的衔接桥梁三个方面体现出应有的育人价值。小学语文作业设计应秉持“学作评”三者有机融合的设计理念,贯通语文学科体系,系统落实语文要素;把脉学生思维动态,同步生成作业设计;对话学生作业困境,创设自主学习氛围。对此,小学语文作业的设计理路应紧扣教学目标,提取作业设计要素;立足核心素养,保持学作评一致性;关注学情发展,设置作业任务组链;加强评价反馈,体现作业设计实效。

阶梯整群随机试验

阶梯整群随机试验(stepped wedge cluster randomized trial,SW-CRT)是一种新型的研究设计,通常用于评价整群的服务或政策干预效果。该设计不需要单独设立对照,在设计初始阶段,所有整群均不暴露于干预,随后每一个观察期随机一组整群接受干预,进入干预组,直到所有整群均接受干预。本文从SW-CRT的基本原理、类别、研究设计、样本量计算、统计学方法和报告规范等方面进行介绍,为开展SW-CRT研究提供参考。

基于造字理据的汉字设计重构与运用

通过剖析汉字设计中的过度设计现象,提出在汉字设计中要遵循汉字的造字理据,即汉字的起源、单字的形体构造、合体字的组构原则、汉民族用字的心理和习惯等。通过分析汉字造字理据“六书”中的象形字,提出在汉字设计时要符合汉字的理据性,根据汉字字体演变及背后的逻辑性在汉字设计时进行重构与运用,挖掘汉字文化源流,在继承中创新,将汉字作为中国文化的象征符号来进行文化和艺术的跨界融合,增强国人的民族自信。

Rationally designed amyloid inhibitors based on amyloid-related structural studies

Amyloid proteins correlate with a series of degenerative diseases. Targeting amyloid aggregation has remained a hot topic in therapeutic studies. Numerous inhibitors have been developed, but very few have been approved for marketing. Meanwhile, the growing knowledge of amyloid structural characteristics provides a basis for the rational design of inhibitors. Here we introduce the high-resolution structural findings of amyloid fibrils in recent years and discuss the reported strategies toward rationally designed inhibitors based on amyloid-related structural studies.

水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物在HLB柱净化条件优化的研究

采用全因子设计试验对水样中11种邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物在亲水-亲脂平衡介质固相萃取柱上的富集净化效果进行研究,以邻苯二甲酸酯平均回收率为响应指标,通过析因分析,获得主因子及交叉因子效应,并建立了由显著性因子及交叉因子表达的平均回收率方程。通过对邻苯二甲酸酯平均回收率的响应曲面分析,获得最优净化条件。1.0μg·L^-1加水平回收率为92%-102%,50μg·L^-1加水平回收率为93%-101%;11种邻苯二甲酸酯的检出限为0.01-0.29 mg·L^-1;线性范围在0.1-100 mg·L^-1之间,相关性系数高于0.999 5,方法具有较高的回收率及测定精度。

面向设计重用的设计理性模型变换方法

在设计理性建模的基础上研究设计理性模型的不同抽象层次的变换方法。该方法包括应用基于Web本体语言的知识推理实现设计理性模型片段划分、设计理性模型主脉络抽取等关键步骤,从而建立不同抽象层次的设计理性模型,优化设计理性模型知识表达形式及表达能力,为设计理性重用提供更有力的支撑。开发了设计理性建模与变换原型系统,并以压弯模具设计为例,验证了设计理性模型变换方法的可行性及有效性。

设计理性研究进展

针对近年来设计理性研究的新动态,对设计理性的研究现状,包括设计理性表示、设计理性捕获、设计理性检索和重用等方面进行总结.在此基础上,对已有研究成果进行比较分析,突出设计理性研究取得的进展以及存在的问题.最后,展望了设计理性需要深入研究的方向.

产品设计原理语义表达

设计原理(Design rationale,DR)信息对于产品设计重用、设计推理和设计评价等有非常重要的作用。在基于问题信息系统(Issue-based information system,IBIS)模型基础上,提出一个新的基于本体的产品DR语义表达模型——ISAA模型。ISAA模型将基于本体的语义表达模式引入到DR信息表达中,并扩充IBIS表达的概念元素;基于本体定义问题、解决方案、论据等七个DR概念和概念间的语义关系;给出对关系限定、约束和创建的公理规则,丰富Web本体语言(Web ontology language,OWL)在DR本体信息表达中的关系;将IBIS有向图表达为资源描述框架(Resource description framework,RDF)图,并序列化为RDF/XML文档,为DR信息的智能语义推理和检索创造条件;开发了一个与产品CAD模型集成的产品DR语义标注原型,将离散的DR思维信息整理、捕捉为ISAA模型概念语义信息;以高压断路器产品弹簧储能DR信息语义表达为例,对ISAA模型进行验证。

有效支持设计知识检索和重用的扩展的设计理性表示

设计理性是对产品设计过程的解释和记录,是一类重要的设计知识,其内容和表示对于有效支持设计知识的检索和重用起着关键作用.针对设计知识检索和重用的需要,提出一种基于本体的扩展的设计理性表示模型.通过分析需要检索和重用的设计知识,给出以IBIS表示为基础,结合FBS模型、产品层次模型和产品需求的设计理性扩展表示;并据此构建设计理性本体以及相关的语义规则,以有效地支持基于语义的设计知识的检索和重用.实验结果表明,文中模型具有良好的表达能力和可用性.

以决策为中心的软件体系结构设计方法

提出针对体系结构层次设计的决策抽象和问题分解原则,以及基于该原则的一种以决策为中心的体系结构设计方法.该方法从决策的视角对体系结构进行建模,并通过一个从导出体系结构关键问题到对体系结构方案决策的过程完成设计,还在其中实现了候选体系结构方案的自动合成以及设计决策与理由的捕捉.这种以决策为中心的方法切合体系结构层次的特点,降低了体系结构设计的复杂性和设计决策与理由捕捉的代价.