Long-term follow-up of intravesical abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) injections in women with idiopathic detrusor overactivity

Objective:Only a few numbers of studies have been published on the use of abobotulinumtoxinA(Dysport®)in idiopathic detrusor overactivity(IDO).This study reported the long-term follow-up of women with IDO who were treated with intravesical Dysport®injections.Methods:Two hundred and thirty-six patients with IDO who had failed first-line conservative and antimuscarinic therapy received 500-900 units of Dysport®between April 2014 and July 2015.All patients were followed up for 5 years after their initial injection and interviewed on the phone.Results:A total of 236 women with IDO aged from 18 years to 84 years(mean±standard deviation:49.6±15.9 years)were included in our study.The median follow-up time for patients was 36.5(range:10-70)months,and the median recovery time after injection was 18.5(range:0-70)months.A total of 83(35.2%)patients stated that they had subjective improvement of their symptoms whereas 84(35.6%)patients did not report any improvement in symptoms.The initial International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder mean score was 6.9(standard deviation 3.4).There was a positive association between the median recovery time and the components of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder questionnaire.Conclusion:In a sub-population of overactive bladder patients with IDO who have failed first-line therapy,a single intravesical Dysport®injection can resolve patient symptoms completely or reduce the symptoms to an acceptable level that can be controlled with antimuscarinics or re-injection on demands.

Study on the Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Combined with Underactive Bladder Detrusor Contraction by Transurethral Plasma Enucleation of the Prostate

Objective: Exploring the clinical efficacy of transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with underactive bladder detrusor contractility. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 68 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and underactive detrusor muscle contractility treated by our department from July 2021 to July 2022. The above patients all met the diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, excluding prostate cancer and urethral stricture. Urodynamics showed a decrease in the contractile force of the bladder detrusor muscle, and the surgical equipment used Olympus bipolar plasma resection equipment method. Divide the above patients into two groups: the experimental group of 34 patients who underwent transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate and the control group of 34 patients who underwent transurethral plasma resection of the prostate. Evaluate the preoperative clinical baseline level and postoperative observation indicators of the two groups of patients, and compare the statistical differences between the two groups. Results: Both groups of patients successfully completed the surgery, and there were no serious complications such as rectal or bladder perforation during the surgery, with less bleeding. The postoperative QOL, IPSS, Qmax, and residual urine volume of patients undergoing transurethral plasma enucleation and resection of the prostate were significantly improved compared to those before surgery (P 0.05). Conclusion: Transurethral enucleation of the prostate has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia combined with weakened detrusor muscle contractility. Compared with traditional electric resection surgery, the efficacy is more significant. In terms of the main complications of the surgery, although there are slightly more patients with temporary urinary incontinence after prostate enucleation, there is no statistically significant difference compared to after electric resection, and they can recover to normal in the short term.

Combined Detrusor and External Urethral Sphincter BTX-A Injections for Detrusor Overactivity and Detrusor External Sphincter Dyssynergia Secondary to Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections for detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) secondary to spinal cord injury. Study Design: Prospective study. Methods: The study was carried out in 18 SCI patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) receiving Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections treatment. Contain 200 U botulinum toxin intradetrusor and 100 U external urethral sphincter injections. The effective outcomes included maximum detrusor pressure at first DO and DESD (PdetmaxDO-DESD), volume at first DO and DESD (VDO-DESD), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument (I-QoL). Adverse events were recorded. Results: All patients experienced a significant mean reduction in PdetmaxDO-DESD (50.75%), maximum urethral closure pressure (26.34%) and a significant mean increase in VDO-DESD (63.00%) 12-weeks post-injection. Significant (p < 0.001) improvement in mean Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument was also found. No obvious adverse event and toxic effect was observed. Conclusion: Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections is a good choice for patients with DO and DESD secondary to spinal cord injury. It could not only protect the upper urinary tract but also improve quality of life.

Electrical stimulation of the sacral nerve anterior root following induced bladder detrusor contraction

The sacral nerve anterior root consists of parasympathetic nerves（dominating urinary bladder detrusor）and somatic motor nerves（dominating urethral sphincter）,and electrical stimulation to the sacral nerve anterior root induces simultaneous contraction of the bladder detrusor and urethral sphincter.Accordingly,urethral pressure exceeds intravesical pressure,resulting in little or no urination,kidney damage,and trembling of lower limbs due to high intravesical pressure.In the present study,sacral nerve posterior roots were transected in a spastic bladder rabbit model,followed by three-pole electrode and long-pulse electrical stimulation to the sacral anterior root.Intravesical and urethral pressures were simultaneously measured to verify the feasibility of anode inhibition to the sacral anterior root following induced detrusor contraction.As stimulus intensity increased,somatic motor nerves were increasingly inhibited; with a stimulus pulse width of 300 μs and stimulus current of 1.05 mA,urethral pressure was zero and average intravesical pressure was 3.84 kPa.In addition,detrusor contraction was displayed,and lower extremity trembling was significantly reduced.Three-pole electrode and long-pulse electrical stimulation to the sacral nerve anterior root induced detrusor contraction and inhibited low extremity trembling under electrical stimulation.

Does urodynamics predict voiding after benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery in patients with detrusor underactivity?

Objective:We sought to determine if urodynamic study(UDS)predicted voiding outcomes in men with detrusor underactivity(DU)and benign prostatic enlargement(BPE)who underwent photovaporization of the prostate(PVP).Methods:Between September 2010 and July 2015,106 male patients with BPE and DU were identified.All patients underwent PVP.Urinary retention was noted by the preoperative necessity for an indwelling or intermittent catheter.Data collection included comorbidities,quality of life(QoL)scores,prostate volume,prostate-specific antigen(PSA),UDS and perioperative outcomes.UDS parameters included volume at first desire to void,volume at first urge to void,volume of severe urge,volume at capacity,compliance,detrusor contractions,maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax),and postvoid residual(PVR).Results:A total of 106 men were included in this analysis,who had urinary retention with a Foley catheter or clean intermittent catheterization(CIC)at the time of surgery.At baseline we found patients who voided had a detrusor pressure at Qmax(Pdet@Qmax)of 10.05±6.45 cmH2O compared to 16.78±12.17 cmH2O in those who did not void(p=0.071).Postoperatively,96(90.6%,mean age 76.9±26.2 years)of patients voided successfully while 10(9.4%,mean age 80.52±9.61 years)of patients remained in urinary retention.Mean baseline Qmax was 4.895±5.452 mL/s and 2.900±3.356 mL/s(p=0.087)in those who voided and did not respectively.PVR was 319.23±330.62 mL in those who voided and 276.88
263.27 mL(p=0.344)in those who did not void.No UDS parameter predicted who would void postoperatively or improvements in QoL.Conclusions:The patients with DU and BPE might be able to successfully void after undergoing PVP regardless of UDS findings.All men who voided had improved international prostate symptom score and QoL scores compared to baseline and these parameters were durable up to 12 months.

Significance of preoperatively observed detrusor overactivity as a predictor of continence status early after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Several recent studies have reported the involvement of bladder dysfunction in the delayed recovery of urinary continence following radical prostatectomy （RP）. The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of detrusor overactivity （DO） as a predictor of the early continence status following robot-assisted RP （RARP）. This study included 84 consecutive patients with prostate cancer undergoing RARP. Urodynamic studies, including filling cystometry, pressure flow study, electromyogram of the external urethral sphincter and urethral pressure profile, were performed in these patients before surgery. Urinary continence was defined as the use of either no or one pad per day as a precaution only. DO was preoperatively observed in 30 patients （35.7%）, and 55 （65.5%） and 34 （40.5%） were judged to be incontinent 1 and 3 months after RARP, respectively. At both 1 and 3 months after RARP, the incidences of incontinence in patients with DO were significantly higher than in those without DO. Of several demographic and urodynamic parameters, univariate analyses identified DO and maximal urethral closure pressure （MUCP） as significant predictors of the continence status at both 1 and 3 months after RARP. Furthermore, DO and MUCP appeared to be independently associated with the continence at both I and 3 months after RARP on multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that preoperatively observed DO could be a significant predictor of urinary incontinence early after RARP; therefore, it is recommended to perform urodynamic studies for patients who are scheduled to undergo RARP in order to comprehensively evaluate their preoperative vesicourethral functions.

Electroacupuncture at points Baliao and Huiyang (BL35) for post-stroke detrusor overactivity

Acupuncture is used extensively in China for the treatment of stroke and other neurological disorders. The National Institutes of Health recommends acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for stroke recovery. This study included patients with post-stroke detrusor overactivity who were treated in the Department of Neurology, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China. Subjects received either electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture at points Baliao [including bilateral Shangliao （BL31）, bilateral Ciliao （BL32）, bilateral Zhongliao （BL33）, and bilateral Xialiao （BL34）] and Huiyang （BL35）. Our results showed that electroacupuncture significantly improved cystometric capacity and bladder compliance, decreased detrusor leak point pressure, ameliorated lower urinary tract symptoms, and decreased the risk of upper urinary tract damage. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at points Bafiao and Huiyang is an effective treatment for post-stroke detrusor overactivity.

Clinical Nursing Recommendations for the Treatment of the BTX-A Injections Due to Neurological Detrusor Overactivity

Background: Neurological detrusor overactivity (NDO) is commonly associated with various neurogenic diseases. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been proposed as alternatives to traditional treatments. Objective: To summarize the clinical experience of nursing care for the treatment of the Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections due to neurological detrusor overactivity (NDO). Methods: We reviewed the data of 32 inpatients who received BTX-A injections between August 2014 to July 2016. Their mean age was 27.4 years old (range: 19 - 38). They were all on clean intermittent catheterization. All patients presented detrusor overactivity resistant to oral anticholinergic treatment. Results: There were significant difference between outcomes at baseline and week12 for Pdetmax (60.08 cmH2O vs. 28.04 cmH2O, P Conclusions: Patients were satisfied with the treatment and nursing by targeted perioperative nursing.

Experimental Study of Excitability and Autorhthmicity in Urinary Bladder Detrusor of Diabetes Rats

Summary： The changes in excitability and autorhthmicity of bladder detrusor in experimental non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus （NIDDM） rats were observed. Sixty-nine NIDDM rats as NIDDM group and 69 normal rats as control group were enrolled into this experimental study. At 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd and 26th week after the rats were iniected last time, the changes in the excitability and autorhthmicity of detrusor strips in vitro were observed. The results showed that the threshold of the tension which made the detrusor strips contract was significantly higher in NIDDM group （0.716±0.325 g） than in control group （0.323±0. 177 g）（F=59.63, P〈0.001）. At different stages, the threshold of the tension resulting the contract of the detrusor strips in NIDDM group was also higher than in control group. At 18th week after STZ iniection, the frequency of spontaneous contract of the detrusor strips in NIDDM was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0.05）, whereas at 22nd week, that in NIDDM group was significantly lower than in control group （P〈0. 05）. It was concluded that the decreased excitability of the bladder detrusor was the earliest and most obvious changes in bladder function in diabetes rats and the autorhthmicity had also changed at the early stage of diabetic bladder.

Differential Effects of K⁺Channel Blockers on Phasic Contractility of Transverse and Longitudinal Rat Detrusor Strips

Spontaneous phasic contractions of detrusor smooth muscle are pivotal to the normal bladder filling process. The role of K+ channels in mediating phasic contractions has been investigated on different occasions, but only in detrusor strips isolated longitudinally. In this study, the effects of individual K+ blockers were examined in both transverse and longitudinal detrusor strips. Detrusor strips were isolated transversely and longitudinally from young adult rat bladders. Tension before and after the introduction of K+channel blockers was measured using a myograph. Phasic activity was determined by calculating the integral of tension fluctuations. Phasic activity of transverse strips was increased under tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and iberiotoxin (IbTx) treatments. Longitudinal phasic activity was increased under charybdotoxin (ChTx) treatment. Neither glibenclamide (Glib) nor apamin treatment elicited any significant effect in both transverse and longitudinal phasic activity. The results indicated that phasic activity was mediated differently depending on the contractile direction. Data from this study reiterate that in addition to the conventional longitudinal direction, the transverse direction also presents significance when examining the contractility of a sac-like organ like the bladder.

Significance of preoperative detrusor contractility to the postoperative assessment of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objective To study the value of preoperative detrusor contractility to the outcome assessment of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) . Methods A total of 109 patients with BPH were analyzed. Their ages ranged from 62 to 83 years with a mean of

Pioneering drugs for overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity: Ongoing research and future directions

The ongoing research on pioneering drug candidates for the overactive bladder(OAB) aimed to overcome the limitations of currently licensed pharmacotherapies, such as antimuscarinics, β3-adrenergic agents, and botulinum neurotoxin, has been reviewed performing a systematic literature review and web search. The review covers the exploratory agents alternative to available medications for OAB and that may ultimately prove to be therapeutically useful in the future management of OAB patients based on preclinical and early clinical data. It emerges that many alternative pharmacological strategies have been discovered or are under investigation in disease-oriented studies. Several potential therapeutics are known for years but still find obstacles to pass the clinical stages of development, while other completely novel compounds, targeting new pharmacological targets, have been recently discovered and show potential to translate into clinical therapeutic agents for idiopathic and neurogenic OAB syndrome. The global scenario of investigational drugs for OAB gives promise for the development of innovative therapeutics that may ultimately prove effective as first, combined or second-line treatments within a realistic timescale of ten years.

How botulinum toxin in neurogenic detrusor overactivity can reduce upper urinary tract damage?

Intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin are the cornerstone of medical treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. The primary aim of this treatment is to ensure a low pressure regimen in the urinary bladder, but the mechanisms leading to long-term protection of the urinary tract remain poorly understood. In this paper, we highlight the potential benefits of intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin regarding local effects on the bladder structures, urinary tract infections, stone disease, vesico ureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, renal function based on a comprehensive literature review.

Relationship between PI decomposition and M_3R expression in human cultured detrusor muscle cells

Objective: To study the relationship between the expression of muscarinic receptor subtype M3R and the decomposition of phosphatidylinositol (PI). Methods: The [3H]-IP contents were detected with [3H] incorporation in human cultured detrusor muscle cells after being stimulated by carbachol, atropine, methoctramine, and 4-DAMP, respectively. Results: The [3H]-IP contents were increased with the elevation of carbachol concentration. Both atropine and 4-DAMP significantly inhibited the effect of carbachol on PI decomposition (P<0.01), but methoctramine did not. No significant difference was seen in the effect of atropine and 4-DAMP on PI decomposition. Conclusion: M3R is closely related to the decomposition of PI, the second messenger molecule IP3.

Changes of gap junctional intercellular communication in detrusor instability

Objective: To demonstrate the functional changes of gap junctional mediation of intercellular communication in detrusor instability (DI) and its mechanisms. Methods: The function of gap junctional intercellular communication in the cultured bladder detrusor cells was detected by fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. Results: At the fourth minute after bleaching, the mean fluorescences recovery rates of DI group bladder detrusor cells were (35 791±0 836)%, that of control group (8 645±0 673)%. The mean fluorescence recovery rates of DI group were significantly higher than those of control group ( P <0 01). Conclusion: It shows that the increase of intercellular excitatory communication is one of the important reasons of pathogenesis of DI.

Study of myogenic spontaneous contractile activities in the detrusor instability rats

Objective: To explore a myogenic basis of the spontaneous contractions on the rat bladder smooth muscle strip in a detrusor instability (DI) model in vitro, and to study a nerve blocker's cocktail affecting the spontaneous contractions as well as electrical stimulated contractile response. Methods: DI model rats were made by partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and confirmed by the filling cystome-try. Detrusor strip was dissected from fresh bladder, fixed for an isometric tension trial. The contractions were recorded during electrical stimulation or exposure to some agents. Results: The cocktail diminished the nerve-mediated contractile response effectively in DI preparation. DI's spontaneous contractions remained during the presence of the cocktail with a significant change in its contractile amplitude. Conclusion : With the local nerve-concerned factors abolishment by the cocktail, the DI bladder preparations still have the spontaneous contractions, indicating a myogenic basis from themselves.

针灸结合三氧直肠灌注对不完全性脊髓损伤小便障碍的疗效研究

目的:观察针灸结合三氧直肠灌注对不完全性脊髓损伤小便障碍患者逼尿肌损伤修复及膀胱功能、应激状态和尿动力学的影响。方法:选择2022年7月—2023年7月于广西壮族自治区江滨医院治疗的86例不完全性脊髓损伤小便障碍患者,按照随机数字表法分为两组,三氧直肠灌注组43例,基础治疗的同时给予患者三氧直肠灌注治疗;针灸联合组43例,三氧直肠灌注组治疗基础上给予患者针灸治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前、后评价中医证候,记录两组患者每次排尿量、膀胱安全容量,给予患者国际下尿路功能症状(LUTS)、尿失禁生活质量问卷(I-QOL)评价,测定膀胱顺应性、充盈期膀胱压力、最大尿流速时逼尿肌压力,检测热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、活性氧(ROS)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果:针灸联合组总有效率较三氧直肠灌注组高(P<0.05);中医证候评分较三氧直肠灌注组降低(P<0.01);膀胱安全容量、每次排尿量大于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.01),I-QOL评分高于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.01),LUTS评分少于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.01);最大尿流速时逼尿肌压力、充盈期膀胱压力低于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.05),膀胱顺应性高于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.01);HSP70、ROS水平低于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.05),SOD水平高于三氧直肠灌注组(P<0.01)。结论:针灸结合三氧直肠灌注治疗不完全性脊髓损伤小便障碍患者,可抑制氧化应激,促进修复受损逼尿肌,改善尿动力学,提升膀胱功能、排尿功能、临床疗效及生活质量。

Bethanechol Remains the Preferred Drug in Suspected Underactive Bladder: Findings from Nation-Wide Prescription Analysis

Background: Bethanechol chloride, a cholinergic agonist, is often prescribed in suspected underactive bladders to improve detrusor contractility, despite its limited clinical efficacy. We investigated the usage pattern of bethanechol in actual practice with the understanding that it would enable the physicians to make an informed decision on the coherent use of bethanechol. Methods: A nation-wide survey was carried out to obtain the responses of the urologists. Out of the 755 urologists approached, 630 survey responses were considered for analysis. Results: Usage of bethanechol was advocated as very common [318 (50.48%)], common [200 (31.75%)], not so common [107 (16.98%)], and rare [5 (0.79%)] in postoperative urinary retention, where it was preferred either exclusively [255 (40.48%)] or along with alpha blockers [247 (39.21%)]. Predilection to use alpha-blocker [247 (39.21%)], alpha-blocker plus naloxone [4 (0.64%)], naloxone [1 (0.16%)], alpha-blocker plus bethanechol plus naloxone [1 (0.16%)] was also observed. It was also preferred individually in pathologies causing urinary retention such as benign prostatic hyperplasia [125 (19.84%)], diabetic neuropathy [82 (13.02%)], neurological diseases [69 (10.95%)], senile bladder [14 (2.22%)], drugs [13 (2.06%)], and infective/inflammatory conditions [6 (0.95%)]. Other [321 (50.95%)] physicians opted to prescribe bethanechol in two or more of the enumerated indications. Bethanechol was prescribed orally as 25 mg thrice daily [441 (70.00%)], 50 mg thrice daily [86 (13.65%)], 25 mg four times daily [59 (9.37%)], and many “strongly agree” and “agree” that its sustained release formulation may offer better treatment compliance [565 (89.68%)], safety [548 (86.99%)], and efficacy [544 (86.35%)]. Conclusion: Bethanechol was the most prescribed drug for the management of postoperative urinary retention and other pathologies suspected to cause underactive bladder.

电针改善脊髓损伤大鼠逼尿肌的形态结构和膀胱功能

背景:大量临床和基础研究表明,电针能够改善骶上脊髓损伤后神经源性膀胱的功能。目的:观察电针对骶上脊髓损伤大鼠膀胱功能及结缔组织生长因子表达的影响。方法:将48只雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组12只:空白组不做任何处理;假手术组仅暴露T8椎体下脊髓;模型组建立T8椎体下脊髓横断损伤模型;电针组建立T8椎体下脊髓横断损伤模型后第19天给予电针干预,选择“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”三穴,20 min/次,1次/d,连续干预10 d。干预结束后,进行相关指标检测。结果与结论:①尿流动力学检测:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠漏尿点压、膀胱最大容量、膀胱最大压力均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组大鼠漏尿点压、膀胱最大容量、膀胱最大压力均下降(P<0.05);②苏木精-伊红染色:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱上皮细胞排列紊乱,固有膜被破坏,逼尿肌肌束肥大,肌纤维排列紊乱,组织水肿明显;与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱上皮细胞排列相对规则有序,膀胱纤维化及组织水肿程度相对减轻;③Masson染色:模型组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌纤维化程度较重,电针组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌纤维化程度轻于模型组;④透射电镜观察:模型组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌线粒体肿胀、发生空泡化,逼尿肌形态发生扭曲变形,肌间隙增宽;与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌线粒体轮廓略清晰可见,线粒体发生空泡化减少,肌间隙缩小;⑤Western blot检测:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌结缔组织生长因子的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,电针组大鼠膀胱逼尿肌结缔组织生长因子的蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);⑥结果表明:电针“次髎”“中极”“三阴交”穴可改善骶上脊髓损伤大鼠膀胱的形态结构和功能,其作用机制可能与下调逼尿肌组织结缔组织生长因子蛋白的表达相关。

骶神经磁刺激对脊髓损伤后逼尿肌无力型膀胱的疗效分析

目的:探讨骶神经磁刺激对脊髓损伤后逼尿肌无力型膀胱的影响。方法:采取随机分组的方法将36例脊髓损伤合并逼尿肌无力型膀胱患者分为试验组与对照组。两组患者均接受常规康复治疗,试验组对S3神经根进行重复功能性磁刺激(repetitive functional magnetic stimulation,r FMS)治疗。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别观察2组患者的简易膀胱容量测定、膀胱超声及焦虑自评量表等指标。结果:2组患者最大自排尿量、平均自排尿量、残余尿量、膀胱初感觉容量及焦虑自评评分与治疗前相比均有所改善,治疗后试验组的最大自排尿量、平均自排尿量均显著优于对照组,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:重复功能磁刺激作用于骶神经根对治疗脊髓损伤后逼尿肌无力型患者疗效明显优于常规治疗,疗法为临床上治疗逼尿肌无力型神经源性膀胱提供新思路。