To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Asso...To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization,was invited as the moderator.Several standardization experts including Song Mingshun,Mai Lyubo,Qiang Yi,Cao Lili,and Huang Manxue from the China Standardization Expert Committee and renowned universities and research institutes in the country were invited as guests to give their insightful views.展开更多
Based on output-oriented education,the OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept integrates local red culture into the ideological and political course of environmental disciplines,and is an important part of training appli...Based on output-oriented education,the OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept integrates local red culture into the ideological and political course of environmental disciplines,and is an important part of training applied talents of environmental disciplines in the new era.This educational model makes an innovation on the traditional educational and teaching concepts and centers on students.This paper analyzes the value of integrating local red culture into the ideological and political course under the OBE concept,and puts forward an effective implementation path.展开更多
Using the unbalanced panel data of 160 countries from 1970 to 2007,we employ inflation and the budget deficit as proxies for monetary policy and fiscal policy,respectively,and study whether financial globalization has...Using the unbalanced panel data of 160 countries from 1970 to 2007,we employ inflation and the budget deficit as proxies for monetary policy and fiscal policy,respectively,and study whether financial globalization has discipline effects on these macroeconomic policies.The empirical results in our study suggest a significant discipline effect of financial globalization on monetary policy during the entire sample period,which is robust both to de jure and to de facto measures of financial openness.Our sub-sample investigations demonstrate that financial globalization reduces inflation only in higher-middle-income and high-income countries,and when financial globalization is scaled by the proportion of a country’s foreign assets and liabilities to its GDP,the discipline is evident only after 1988.Nevertheless,we do not demonstrate any evidence of financial globalization’s discipline effect on fiscal policy.The empirical results indicate that financial globalization even increases the budget deficit in certain countries and periods.展开更多
Taking the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of the Central Academy of Drama as an example,this article explores the construction and development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration C...Taking the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of the Central Academy of Drama as an example,this article explores the construction and development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for the practical teaching of drama and film and television disciplines.The article first introduces the background and importance of the demonstration center and then analyzes in depth the construction content and achievements of the demonstration center from four aspects:practical teaching philosophy,practical teaching system,practical teaching resources,and practical teaching effects.Finally,the article summarizes the experience and shortcomings of the demonstration center and proposes future development directions and suggestions.展开更多
European literary criticism was rapidly transformed into literary theory through the United States after Rene Wellek and Austin Warren’s textbook Theory of Literary Theory by Harcourt,Brace and Co.(1949).Within a sho...European literary criticism was rapidly transformed into literary theory through the United States after Rene Wellek and Austin Warren’s textbook Theory of Literary Theory by Harcourt,Brace and Co.(1949).Within a short period of time,American new criticism,European psychoanalysis,semiotics,structuralism,hermeneutics,deconstructivism,and so on,as well as the western Marxism,feminism,new historicism,post-colonial criticism,and cultural studies,all the critical methods little referenced to postwar Western ideology and Soviet Ideology,and are even known for their profound criticism of some problems in capitalist society.These intuitively scientific or neutral literary theories flourished during the Cold War years that contained the Soviet Union.During this period,“political correctness”not only influenced the direction of social development in the West,but also directly influenced the academic pattern and the development trend of universities at that time,so that“literary criticism”,which was originally only based on personal experience,benefited and became“literary theory”in the discipline and curriculum system.As a result,the discipline of literary theory,which benefited from the Cold War pattern,is often in conflict with the specific literary theory that transcends ideology.However,the Cold War ended with the failure of the Soviet Union and its socialist realism theory system,and the western literary theory unexpectedly gained full legitimacy like Fukuyama’s“the end of history”.In the post-Cold War era,Western literary critics reasonably expanded the controversial theories and this has become the most concerned topic for 30 years.Thus,the international politics of the disguised Western literary theory was highlighted.Such Western literary theory has been generalized in China in the last 40 years,because Chinese academic yet has not understood the difference between theory as discipline and theory as doctrine,even anti-western in recent years.展开更多
As data is incorporated into production factors,the Accounting discipline should intensively study the new data asset.Starting from the analysis of the value attribute,right attribute,and relationship attribute of the...As data is incorporated into production factors,the Accounting discipline should intensively study the new data asset.Starting from the analysis of the value attribute,right attribute,and relationship attribute of the data,it is found that under certain conditions,the data has complete Accounting attributes and can be included in the assets.The Accounting discipline shall establish the research direction of Data Asset Accounting and focus on the research,including the recognition and measurement of data assets,the value evaluation of data assets,information disclosure,and Data Asset Accounting standards.Data assets are facing the major challenge of integrating into the Accounting discipline.We can carry out the Accounting professional reform and textbook construction facing the practice of data assets management from the aspects of theoretical construction,talent training,and industry research cooperation.展开更多
Purpose: This work aims to consider the role and some of the 42-year history of the discipline impact factor(DIF) in evaluation of serial publications. Also, the original "symmetric" indicator called the &qu...Purpose: This work aims to consider the role and some of the 42-year history of the discipline impact factor(DIF) in evaluation of serial publications. Also, the original "symmetric" indicator called the "discipline susceptibility factor" is to be presented. Design/methodology/approach: In accordance with the purpose of the work, the methods are analytical interpretation of the scientific literature related to this problem as well as speculative explanations. The information base of the research is bibliometric publications dealing with impact, impact factor, discipline impact factor, and discipline susceptibility factor.Findings: Examples of the DIF application and modification of the indicator are given. It is shown why research and university libraries need to use the DIF to evaluate serials in conditions of scarce funding for subscription to serial publications, even if open access is available. The role of the DIF for evaluating journals by authors of scientific papers when choosing a good and right journal for submitting a paper is also briefly discussed. An original indicator "symmetrical" to the DIF(the "discipline susceptibility factor") and its differences from the DIF in terms of content and purpose of evaluation are also briefly presented.Research limitations: The selection of publications for the information base of the research did not include those in which the DIF was only mentioned, used partially or not for its original purpose. Restrictions on the length of the article to be submitted in this special issue of the JDIS also caused exclusion even a number of completely relevant publications. Consideration of the DIF is not placed in the context of describing other derivatives from the Garfield impact factor. Practical implications: An underrated bibliometric indicator, viz. the discipline impact factor is being promoted for the practical application. An original indicator "symmetrical" to DIF has been proposed in order of searching serial publications representing the external research fields that might fit for potential applications of the results of scientific activities obtained within the framework of the specific research field represented by the cited specialized journals. Both can be useful in research and university libraries in their endeavors to improve scientific information services. Also, both can be used for evaluating journals by authors of scientific papers when choosing a journal to submit a paper.Originality/value: The article substantiates the need to evaluate scientific serial publications in library activities—even in conditions of access to huge and convenient databases(subscription packages) and open access to a large number of serial publications. It gives a mini-survey of the history of one of the methods of such evaluation, and offers an original method for evaluating scientific serial publications.展开更多
The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (...The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.展开更多
The geodesy discipline has been evolving and constantly intersecting and merging with other disciplines in the last 50 years,due to the continuous progress of geodetic observation techniques and expansion of applicati...The geodesy discipline has been evolving and constantly intersecting and merging with other disciplines in the last 50 years,due to the continuous progress of geodetic observation techniques and expansion of application fields.This paper first introduces the development and roles of geodesy and its formation.Secondly,the development status of geodesy discipline is analyzed from the progress of observation techniques and cross-discipline formation is analyzed from the expansion of application fields.Furthermore,the development trend of geodesy is stated from the perspective of national requirements and scientific developments.Finally,the sub-disciplines for geodesy are suggested at the present stage,based on the requirements of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and development status of geodesy itself,which can provide references for topic selection and fund application of geodetic scientific research.展开更多
The word "interdiscipline" is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and inte...The word "interdiscipline" is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and interpretation of primitive meaning of "interdiscipline" is complex and questionable. Therefore. it is necessary to define "interdiscipline". It is no doubt that the interdiscipline is after disciplines. What are exactly the common and the differences between them and what are their own features are meaningful and worth to discussing.展开更多
The cross-integration of middle school disciplines is the current trend and the need of education,but it is faced with difficulties in practice.The article mainly adopts the observation method and literature research ...The cross-integration of middle school disciplines is the current trend and the need of education,but it is faced with difficulties in practice.The article mainly adopts the observation method and literature research method,analyzes the dilemma with three aspects,and put forward the progressive four-step implementation path.Respectively,schools and teachers can set up teaching objectives pointing to the core qualities of disciplines firstly,organize teaching materials to carry out small interdisciplinary activities in class secondly,then integrate teachers to launch big project-based learning and interdisciplinary activities,finally create comprehensive curriculum pointing to comprehensive qualities.展开更多
To improve our health care services,promote balanced development of inter-regional and inter-disciplinary medical care skills,and effectively implement public hospital reform,the former Ministry of Health,State Chines...To improve our health care services,promote balanced development of inter-regional and inter-disciplinary medical care skills,and effectively implement public hospital reform,the former Ministry of Health,State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau and the Ministry of Finance allocated state funds in 2010 to support a National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project.The project supports the acquisition of key equipment,personnel training and development of clinical diagnosis technology in order to develop high-quality medical resources and improve clinical services.Because of the important role nursing plays,clinical nursing and specialty care were also included in the project.The Chinese Nursing Association was commissioned to oversee this project,which awarded 211 million RMB to nursing disciplines in 86 hospitals representing all regions of China.This funding has supported the rapid development of nursing disciplines,the results of which are outlined and described in this review.展开更多
With the gradual expansion of the scale and enrollment of colleges and universities in China,the university education has changed from the elite education to the mass education. The decline of students' quality an...With the gradual expansion of the scale and enrollment of colleges and universities in China,the university education has changed from the elite education to the mass education. The decline of students' quality and the backwardness of the mode of cultivating talents in colleges and universities have resulted in the general low employability of college students and the prominent phenomenon of structural unemployment. Against a background of mass innovation and mass entrepreneurship,colleges and universities should make timely adjustments to the major structure according to social development,cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial talents,and make the objectives and quality of talent training meet the needs of social development. Based on the analysis of the status quo of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities,especially in agricultural and forestry,normal universities,this paper explores the training model of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in colleges and universities to provide a reference for the training of specialized talents in different disciplines.展开更多
As nursing becomes a first-level discipline, the central focus of the development process of nursing science is the independent exploration of the future path of nursing care. Although many countries have made efforts...As nursing becomes a first-level discipline, the central focus of the development process of nursing science is the independent exploration of the future path of nursing care. Although many countries have made efforts to develop nursing as an independent discipline, no remarkable advancement has been achieved due to the incorrect understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and the improper comprehension of other factors involved in the process of nursing reform. Teaching and practicing nursing also face many problems. Based on our understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and through a careful analysis of the existing problems in the current nursing discipline, this paper provides some insights into the future directions of nursing development by exploring the independently developing nursing discipline in foreign countries.展开更多
Through the study of the teaching reform design of the course in Architecture Design using the flipped classroom,this paper discussed the effectiveness of the information-based teaching method for students’ learning....Through the study of the teaching reform design of the course in Architecture Design using the flipped classroom,this paper discussed the effectiveness of the information-based teaching method for students’ learning. It integrated the flipped classroom into all aspects of Architectural Design teaching. By using the flipped classroom,it is expected to effectively solve the problems related to the traditional Architectural Design teaching,enhance the students’ participation in the teaching process,create a learning atmosphere for students,enhance the initiative of self-learning,and promote the improvement in the quality of Architectural Design teaching.展开更多
Heterogeneous traffic conditions prevail in developing countries. Vehicles maintain weak lane discipline which increases lateral interactions of vehicles significantly. It is necessary to study these interactions in t...Heterogeneous traffic conditions prevail in developing countries. Vehicles maintain weak lane discipline which increases lateral interactions of vehicles significantly. It is necessary to study these interactions in the form of maintained lateral gaps for modeling this traffic scenario. This paper aims at determining lateral clearances maintained by different vehicle types while moving in a heterogeneous traffic stream during overtaking. These data were collected using an instrumented vehicle which runs as a part of the stream. Variation of obtained clearance with average speed of interacting vehicles is studied and modeled. Different instrumented vehicles of various types are developed using (1) ultrasonic sensors fixed on both sides of vehicle, which provide inter-vehicular lateral distance and relative speed; and (2) GPS device with cameras, which provides vehicle type and speed of interacting vehicles. They are driven on different roads in six cities of India, to measure lateral gaps maintained with different interacting vehicles at different speeds. Relationships between lateral gaps and speed are modeled as regression lines with positive slopes and beta-distributed residuals. Nature of these graphs (i.e., slopes, intercepts, residuals) are also evaluated and compared for different interacting vehicle-type pairs. It is observed that similar vehicle pairs maintain less lateral clearance than dissimilar vehicle pairs. If a vehicle interacts with two vehicles (one on each side) simultaneously, lateral clearance is reduced and safety of the vehicles is compromised. The obtained relationships can be used for simulating lateral clearance maintaining behavior of vehicles in heterogeneous traffic.展开更多
This paper introduces the principle of ATM switch, and discusses queueing disciplines and their performances. Authors describe the method of input queueing, output queueing, central queueing, combined input/output que...This paper introduces the principle of ATM switch, and discusses queueing disciplines and their performances. Authors describe the method of input queueing, output queueing, central queueing, combined input/output queuing, combined input/shared queueing, and multistage queueing in detail. They also present the relations between mean waiting time and input load. The queueing disciplines can be used to design the architecture of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch.展开更多
文摘To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization,was invited as the moderator.Several standardization experts including Song Mingshun,Mai Lyubo,Qiang Yi,Cao Lili,and Huang Manxue from the China Standardization Expert Committee and renowned universities and research institutes in the country were invited as guests to give their insightful views.
基金Supported by Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform Project of Guizhou Province in 2022(GZJG20220776)Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(Qianjiaoji[2022]No.067)+1 种基金Research Center for Revolutionary Spirit and Cultural Resources of the Communist Party of China,Zunyi Normal University,Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences,Ministry of Education(22KRIZYPY12)Teaching Content and Curriculum System Reform and Cultivation Project of Zunyi Normal University in 2022(JGPY2022001).
文摘Based on output-oriented education,the OBE(Outcome-Based Education)concept integrates local red culture into the ideological and political course of environmental disciplines,and is an important part of training applied talents of environmental disciplines in the new era.This educational model makes an innovation on the traditional educational and teaching concepts and centers on students.This paper analyzes the value of integrating local red culture into the ideological and political course under the OBE concept,and puts forward an effective implementation path.
文摘Using the unbalanced panel data of 160 countries from 1970 to 2007,we employ inflation and the budget deficit as proxies for monetary policy and fiscal policy,respectively,and study whether financial globalization has discipline effects on these macroeconomic policies.The empirical results in our study suggest a significant discipline effect of financial globalization on monetary policy during the entire sample period,which is robust both to de jure and to de facto measures of financial openness.Our sub-sample investigations demonstrate that financial globalization reduces inflation only in higher-middle-income and high-income countries,and when financial globalization is scaled by the proportion of a country’s foreign assets and liabilities to its GDP,the discipline is evident only after 1988.Nevertheless,we do not demonstrate any evidence of financial globalization’s discipline effect on fiscal policy.The empirical results indicate that financial globalization even increases the budget deficit in certain countries and periods.
文摘Taking the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of the Central Academy of Drama as an example,this article explores the construction and development of the National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for the practical teaching of drama and film and television disciplines.The article first introduces the background and importance of the demonstration center and then analyzes in depth the construction content and achievements of the demonstration center from four aspects:practical teaching philosophy,practical teaching system,practical teaching resources,and practical teaching effects.Finally,the article summarizes the experience and shortcomings of the demonstration center and proposes future development directions and suggestions.
文摘European literary criticism was rapidly transformed into literary theory through the United States after Rene Wellek and Austin Warren’s textbook Theory of Literary Theory by Harcourt,Brace and Co.(1949).Within a short period of time,American new criticism,European psychoanalysis,semiotics,structuralism,hermeneutics,deconstructivism,and so on,as well as the western Marxism,feminism,new historicism,post-colonial criticism,and cultural studies,all the critical methods little referenced to postwar Western ideology and Soviet Ideology,and are even known for their profound criticism of some problems in capitalist society.These intuitively scientific or neutral literary theories flourished during the Cold War years that contained the Soviet Union.During this period,“political correctness”not only influenced the direction of social development in the West,but also directly influenced the academic pattern and the development trend of universities at that time,so that“literary criticism”,which was originally only based on personal experience,benefited and became“literary theory”in the discipline and curriculum system.As a result,the discipline of literary theory,which benefited from the Cold War pattern,is often in conflict with the specific literary theory that transcends ideology.However,the Cold War ended with the failure of the Soviet Union and its socialist realism theory system,and the western literary theory unexpectedly gained full legitimacy like Fukuyama’s“the end of history”.In the post-Cold War era,Western literary critics reasonably expanded the controversial theories and this has become the most concerned topic for 30 years.Thus,the international politics of the disguised Western literary theory was highlighted.Such Western literary theory has been generalized in China in the last 40 years,because Chinese academic yet has not understood the difference between theory as discipline and theory as doctrine,even anti-western in recent years.
文摘As data is incorporated into production factors,the Accounting discipline should intensively study the new data asset.Starting from the analysis of the value attribute,right attribute,and relationship attribute of the data,it is found that under certain conditions,the data has complete Accounting attributes and can be included in the assets.The Accounting discipline shall establish the research direction of Data Asset Accounting and focus on the research,including the recognition and measurement of data assets,the value evaluation of data assets,information disclosure,and Data Asset Accounting standards.Data assets are facing the major challenge of integrating into the Accounting discipline.We can carry out the Accounting professional reform and textbook construction facing the practice of data assets management from the aspects of theoretical construction,talent training,and industry research cooperation.
文摘Purpose: This work aims to consider the role and some of the 42-year history of the discipline impact factor(DIF) in evaluation of serial publications. Also, the original "symmetric" indicator called the "discipline susceptibility factor" is to be presented. Design/methodology/approach: In accordance with the purpose of the work, the methods are analytical interpretation of the scientific literature related to this problem as well as speculative explanations. The information base of the research is bibliometric publications dealing with impact, impact factor, discipline impact factor, and discipline susceptibility factor.Findings: Examples of the DIF application and modification of the indicator are given. It is shown why research and university libraries need to use the DIF to evaluate serials in conditions of scarce funding for subscription to serial publications, even if open access is available. The role of the DIF for evaluating journals by authors of scientific papers when choosing a good and right journal for submitting a paper is also briefly discussed. An original indicator "symmetrical" to the DIF(the "discipline susceptibility factor") and its differences from the DIF in terms of content and purpose of evaluation are also briefly presented.Research limitations: The selection of publications for the information base of the research did not include those in which the DIF was only mentioned, used partially or not for its original purpose. Restrictions on the length of the article to be submitted in this special issue of the JDIS also caused exclusion even a number of completely relevant publications. Consideration of the DIF is not placed in the context of describing other derivatives from the Garfield impact factor. Practical implications: An underrated bibliometric indicator, viz. the discipline impact factor is being promoted for the practical application. An original indicator "symmetrical" to DIF has been proposed in order of searching serial publications representing the external research fields that might fit for potential applications of the results of scientific activities obtained within the framework of the specific research field represented by the cited specialized journals. Both can be useful in research and university libraries in their endeavors to improve scientific information services. Also, both can be used for evaluating journals by authors of scientific papers when choosing a journal to submit a paper.Originality/value: The article substantiates the need to evaluate scientific serial publications in library activities—even in conditions of access to huge and convenient databases(subscription packages) and open access to a large number of serial publications. It gives a mini-survey of the history of one of the methods of such evaluation, and offers an original method for evaluating scientific serial publications.
文摘The history and current status of Pharmacy Administration discipline atpharmacy schools in China are illustrated. Several current issues are explored including: (1)insufficient teaching organizations and curriculum, (2) faculty deficiency both in quantity andquality, and (3) much improvement needed in the scope, methodology, and sophistication of research.Several development strategies are formulated such as (1) integrating native education resources inorder to better foster quality professionals, (2) accelerating inter-university cooperation both inteaching and research, and (3) studying the regularites of discipline development and enhancinginternational exchange.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41931076)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41721003)。
文摘The geodesy discipline has been evolving and constantly intersecting and merging with other disciplines in the last 50 years,due to the continuous progress of geodetic observation techniques and expansion of application fields.This paper first introduces the development and roles of geodesy and its formation.Secondly,the development status of geodesy discipline is analyzed from the progress of observation techniques and cross-discipline formation is analyzed from the expansion of application fields.Furthermore,the development trend of geodesy is stated from the perspective of national requirements and scientific developments.Finally,the sub-disciplines for geodesy are suggested at the present stage,based on the requirements of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and development status of geodesy itself,which can provide references for topic selection and fund application of geodetic scientific research.
文摘The word "interdiscipline" is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and interpretation of primitive meaning of "interdiscipline" is complex and questionable. Therefore. it is necessary to define "interdiscipline". It is no doubt that the interdiscipline is after disciplines. What are exactly the common and the differences between them and what are their own features are meaningful and worth to discussing.
文摘The cross-integration of middle school disciplines is the current trend and the need of education,but it is faced with difficulties in practice.The article mainly adopts the observation method and literature research method,analyzes the dilemma with three aspects,and put forward the progressive four-step implementation path.Respectively,schools and teachers can set up teaching objectives pointing to the core qualities of disciplines firstly,organize teaching materials to carry out small interdisciplinary activities in class secondly,then integrate teachers to launch big project-based learning and interdisciplinary activities,finally create comprehensive curriculum pointing to comprehensive qualities.
文摘To improve our health care services,promote balanced development of inter-regional and inter-disciplinary medical care skills,and effectively implement public hospital reform,the former Ministry of Health,State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau and the Ministry of Finance allocated state funds in 2010 to support a National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project.The project supports the acquisition of key equipment,personnel training and development of clinical diagnosis technology in order to develop high-quality medical resources and improve clinical services.Because of the important role nursing plays,clinical nursing and specialty care were also included in the project.The Chinese Nursing Association was commissioned to oversee this project,which awarded 211 million RMB to nursing disciplines in 86 hospitals representing all regions of China.This funding has supported the rapid development of nursing disciplines,the results of which are outlined and described in this review.
基金Supported by Teaching Reform Research Project of Jiangxi Normal University
文摘With the gradual expansion of the scale and enrollment of colleges and universities in China,the university education has changed from the elite education to the mass education. The decline of students' quality and the backwardness of the mode of cultivating talents in colleges and universities have resulted in the general low employability of college students and the prominent phenomenon of structural unemployment. Against a background of mass innovation and mass entrepreneurship,colleges and universities should make timely adjustments to the major structure according to social development,cultivate innovative and entrepreneurial talents,and make the objectives and quality of talent training meet the needs of social development. Based on the analysis of the status quo of innovation and entrepreneurship in colleges and universities,especially in agricultural and forestry,normal universities,this paper explores the training model of innovative and entrepreneurial talents in colleges and universities to provide a reference for the training of specialized talents in different disciplines.
基金supported by the hospital foundation of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University of China(no.YH161705)
文摘As nursing becomes a first-level discipline, the central focus of the development process of nursing science is the independent exploration of the future path of nursing care. Although many countries have made efforts to develop nursing as an independent discipline, no remarkable advancement has been achieved due to the incorrect understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and the improper comprehension of other factors involved in the process of nursing reform. Teaching and practicing nursing also face many problems. Based on our understanding of the relationship between nursing and medicine and through a careful analysis of the existing problems in the current nursing discipline, this paper provides some insights into the future directions of nursing development by exploring the independently developing nursing discipline in foreign countries.
文摘Through the study of the teaching reform design of the course in Architecture Design using the flipped classroom,this paper discussed the effectiveness of the information-based teaching method for students’ learning. It integrated the flipped classroom into all aspects of Architectural Design teaching. By using the flipped classroom,it is expected to effectively solve the problems related to the traditional Architectural Design teaching,enhance the students’ participation in the teaching process,create a learning atmosphere for students,enhance the initiative of self-learning,and promote the improvement in the quality of Architectural Design teaching.
文摘Heterogeneous traffic conditions prevail in developing countries. Vehicles maintain weak lane discipline which increases lateral interactions of vehicles significantly. It is necessary to study these interactions in the form of maintained lateral gaps for modeling this traffic scenario. This paper aims at determining lateral clearances maintained by different vehicle types while moving in a heterogeneous traffic stream during overtaking. These data were collected using an instrumented vehicle which runs as a part of the stream. Variation of obtained clearance with average speed of interacting vehicles is studied and modeled. Different instrumented vehicles of various types are developed using (1) ultrasonic sensors fixed on both sides of vehicle, which provide inter-vehicular lateral distance and relative speed; and (2) GPS device with cameras, which provides vehicle type and speed of interacting vehicles. They are driven on different roads in six cities of India, to measure lateral gaps maintained with different interacting vehicles at different speeds. Relationships between lateral gaps and speed are modeled as regression lines with positive slopes and beta-distributed residuals. Nature of these graphs (i.e., slopes, intercepts, residuals) are also evaluated and compared for different interacting vehicle-type pairs. It is observed that similar vehicle pairs maintain less lateral clearance than dissimilar vehicle pairs. If a vehicle interacts with two vehicles (one on each side) simultaneously, lateral clearance is reduced and safety of the vehicles is compromised. The obtained relationships can be used for simulating lateral clearance maintaining behavior of vehicles in heterogeneous traffic.
文摘This paper introduces the principle of ATM switch, and discusses queueing disciplines and their performances. Authors describe the method of input queueing, output queueing, central queueing, combined input/output queuing, combined input/shared queueing, and multistage queueing in detail. They also present the relations between mean waiting time and input load. The queueing disciplines can be used to design the architecture of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) switch.