Effects of alternating current imposition and alkaline earth elements on modification of primary Mg_2Si crystals in hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy

The effects of alternating current imposition and/or alkaline earth elements on modification of the primary Mg2Si crystals in the hypereutectic Mg-Si alloy were investigated.An alternating current of 60 A with frequency of 1 kHz was applied into the hypereutectic Mg-Si melt which was alloyed with alkaline earth elements or not in the fixed temperature range from 700 to 630℃. The results show that the primary Mg2Si crystals could be refined by imposing alternating current or adding alkaline elements. Compared with the samples treated by adding 0.4%Ca or 0.4%Sr,higher modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current.No further modification efficiency could be obtained for the samples treated by imposing alternating current combined with 0.4%Ca or 0.4%Sr addition.

Study on Earth Surface Potential and DC Current Distribution around DC Grounding Electrode

DC magnetic biasing problem,caused by the DC grounding electrode, threatened the safe operation of AC power grid. In this paper, the characteristics of the soil stratification near DC grounding electrode was researched. The AC-DC interconnected large-scale system model under the monopole operation mode was established. The earth surface potential and DC current distribution in various stations under the different surface thickness was calculated. Some useful conclusions are drawn from the analyzed results.

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Pulse Reversal Current Electrodeposition Ni-Co Alloy Coatings

The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis and corrosion mass loss etc. The results show that adding proper RE to plating solution can promote the microstructure of coatings compacter, the surface smoother and the crystal finer, and improve the corrosion resistance. The coatings exhibite the highest corrosion resistance when the concentration of RE reaches 0.25 g·L -1. The reason of increasing corrosion resistance by adding RE was also investigated.

利用低轨道卫星地磁观测反演电离层电流概述

随着现代卫星技术的发展,携带高精度磁力计的低轨道卫星成为地磁场观测的重要手段,可以提供全球持续的磁场观测,而不受地面和低空天气条件的影响.空间电流,特别是电离层电流,是引起地表和低轨道卫星高度处磁场扰动的主要来源.本文简要介绍了低轨磁测卫星的发展历史和在轨定标流程与方法,回顾了电离层电流的起源、研究历史及产生机制,并详细介绍了利用卫星磁测数据反演电离层不同电流的方法.基于地基和卫星磁测对同一电流的分析结果并不总是一致的,有时会出现明显的差异.造成这些差异的原因可能与采用不同的数据源(比如地基与卫星、卫星与卫星之间)及反演算法中的假设有关.基于有限的观测,在反演中通常要对电流的几何形状和所在位置进行一定的假设,而这些假设可能并不完全满足实际电流的分布.因此,将地基台站和卫星磁测结合起来,通过对比和交叉验证,是检验和改进电离层电流反演算法中假设的合理性的一种有效手段.利用融合后的磁场观测数据,建立更准确的电离层电流反演算法,全面分析电流的形态学和气候学特征,建立以地球磁场信号为媒介的空间天气监测理论与方法,将有助于提升人们对电离层发电机理论、磁层状态以及电离层与磁层之间能量耦合途径等科学问题的理解.

Method of Fault Area ＆ Section Location for Non-solidly Earthed Distribution System

中国中压配电网以架空线为主，多为小电流系统，单相接地故障占到电网故障总数的80％以上，但中国配网自动化系统基本上没有小电流接地故障定位功能，使配网自动化系统在提高可靠性的作用上大打折扣。给出一种小电流接地故障区段定位新方法，在线路上配置广域相量测量固定测点，获取小电流电网单相接地故障特征信息。基于测点相邻矩阵区段起始测点标识向量和故障路径标识向量概念，提出确定故障区间边界节点算法。物理模拟实验和挂网测试表明：该故障分区分段定位方法能够在线求解小电流接地故障段边界节点，缩小线路维护巡视范围。确定故障区间边界节点算法还可用于确定故障区相关负荷开关，为线路维护和馈线自动化提供依据。

Design and Testing of Three Earthing Systems for Micro-Grid Protection during the Islanding Mode

This paper presents and tests three earthing systems (TT, TN and IT) for Micro-Grid (MG) protection against various fault types when the MG transferred to the islanding mode. The main contribution of this work is including the models of all micro sources which interfaced to the MG by power electronic inverters. Inverters in turns are provided with current limiters and this also included with the inverter models to exactly simulate the real situation in the MG during fault times. Results proved that the most suitable earthing system for MG protection during the islanding mode is the TN earthing system. That system leads to a suitable amount of fault current sufficient to activate over current pro-tection relays. With using TN earthing system, touch voltages at the faulted bus and all other consumer’s buses are less than the safety limited values during islanding mode. For the two others earthing systems (TT and IT), fault currents are small and nearly equal to the over load currents which make over current protection relay can not differentiate between fault currents and overload currents. All models of micro sources, earthing systems, inverters and control schemes are built using Matlab?/Simulink? environment.

Current efficiency in electro-winning of lanthanum and cerium metals from molten chloride electrolytes

The objective of this study is to prepare lan- thanum and cerium metals by fused salt electrolysis of their anhydrous chloride in molten media such as LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl and to characterize the metal deposit by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emis- sion spectroscopy. Deposit metal of purity more than 99 % was obtained in each of the experiments. The entire process starting from preparation of anhydrous lanthanum/cerium chloride to electrolysis yielding of metal deposits has been described. The effect of process parameters such as tem- perature, electrolyte composition, and current density on the current efficiency was studied. All these parameters were varied to get the highest current efficiency and metal yield. The major non-rare earth impurities with the deposit are found to be Fe, Cr, and Ni along with - 1× 10^-3 of total gaseous impurities.

Comparison the Performances of Three Earthing Systems for Micro-Grid Protection during the Grid Connected Mode

This paper presents, tests and compares three earthing systems (TT, TN and IT) for Micro-Grid (MG) protection against various fault types during the connected mode. The main contribution of this work is including the models of all the micro sources which interfaced to the MG by power electronic inverters. Inverters in turns are provided with current limiters and this also included in the inverter models to exactly simulate the real situation in the MG during fault times. Results proved that the most suitable earthing system for MG protection during the connecting mode is the TN earthing system. That system leads to a suitable amount of fault current sufficient to activate over current protection relays. With using TN system, Touch voltages at the faulted bus and all other consumer’s buses are less than the safety limited value if current limiter is included with the transformer of the main grid which connects MG. For the two others earthing systems (TT and IT), fault current is small and nearly equal to the over load current which make over current protection relay can not differentiate between fault current and overload current. All models of micro sources, earthing systems, inverters, main grid and control schemes are built using Matlab?/Simulink? environment.

Effects of Current-Injection on Superconductivity of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) in La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)Bilayer

La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3/YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)(F/S)bilayers were fabricated by electrophoretic technique. The thickness of La_(0.8)Te_(0.2)MnO_3 is ~70 μm, the dimensions of YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) superconductor are 5 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm. The image of cross-sectional profile was measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Standard four-probe method was used for YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ) superconducting resistance measurements. Either 1 mA current is injected from S layer to F layer ((+I_(inj))) or from F layer to S layer (-I_(inj)),the normal resistance is lower than that without current injection. The critical transition temperature is higher than that without current injection.

地磁感应电流多学科交叉研究进展

地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced currents,GIC)是指地球变化磁场在地球表面导体中产生的感应电流,可对电网、油气管道、高铁等人造基础设施造成严重破坏,包括电力系统失效、通信干扰和电子设备损坏等,影响其稳定运行和功能。研究GIC的意义在于深入理解其产生机理及影响因素,为制定相应的预防和应对策略提供科学依据。论文在深入总结GIC研究进展的基础上,详细阐述了GIC的产生机理及影响因素,包括宇宙空间、地球环境和电力系统对GIC的影响;概述了GIC的研究现状,分别从空间物理、地球物理和电气工程领域对GIC进行了综合评述;进而详细介绍了GIC估算的步骤,包括地磁场数据与建模、地电场和导体中GIC的计算;并重点分析了不同地球物理参数对GIC估算结果的影响以及互相之间的差异;最后,对GIC研究面临的挑战、地球物理在相关问题解决中的潜在贡献以及研究未来进行展望。

Current-voltage characteristics with several threshold currents in insulating low-doped La_(1–x)Sr_xMnO_3(x=0.10) thin films

The current-induced resistive switching behavior in the micron-scale pillars of low-doped La0.9Sr0.1MnO3 thin films using laser molecular-beam epitaxy was reported. It was demonstrated that the current-voltage curves at 120 K showed hysteresis with several threshold currents corresponding to the switching in resistance to metastable low resistance states, and finally, four closed loops were formed. A mode was proposed, which was based on the low-temperature canted antiferromagnetism ordering for a lightly doped insulating regime.

27.5 kV电缆金属护层接地优化方案研究

基于电磁暂态分析软件PSCAD/EMTDC搭建电气化铁路27.5k V电缆长回路分布参数和接地回流系统模型,并对模型进行理论验证。结合工程中电缆金属护层常用的3种接地回流方案,系统研究了短路容量、短路位置、接地回流方案对电缆金属护层感应电影响规律;围绕电缆发生短路故障时非故障段发生护层保护器动作问题,对并联护层保护器和提高护层保护器额定电压两种方案可行性进行研究,最终提出了护层保护器参数调整建议及电缆接地回流优化方案。研究结果可为类似工程提供参考。

极低频电流场透地通信路径损耗建模与分析

针对水平方向地电极电流场无线强穿透信息传输需求,研究了基于极低频水平双电极电流场信道传输特性。考虑到电极半径、电极入土深度、电极间距、发射信号频率和信号传输距离等参数对透地(Through-The-Earth,TTE)通信传输性能的影响,建立了地电极电流场TTE通信路径损耗模型,分析了各参数对路径损耗的影响,确定了信号传输最佳工作参数。根据选定参数搭建了极低频电流场TTE通信系统,在200 m和400 m通信距离下测试了3~10 Hz信号的路径损耗,通过试验数据与仿真结果对比分析验证了模型的准确性。

无单元Galerkin法的电流场与渗流场耦合正演

联合求解渗流场与电流场是确定土石坝渗流精确分布及评价渗流严重程度的重要途径.为解决水文-地球物理方法中存在的渗-电拟合度差及分辨率损失严重等问题,针对电性参数对水文状态变量的敏感性,本文开发一种基于无单元Galerkin法(Element-Free Galerkin Method,EFGM)的渗流场与电流场耦合正演算法.一方面,通过引入岩石物理关系经验公式及水文状态变量构建耦合模型;另一方面,通过滑动最小二乘法构造形函数,利用罚函数计算边界条件,以解决耦合模型的构建过程中对网格单元过度依赖问题来提高渗-电拟合精度.数值模拟的渗-电关联响应及耦合正演中,分析了土石坝内电流场及渗流路径,探索了各分量对土石坝不同附属结构体的异常响应特征.关联响应结果显示,饱和区内渗-电关联响应吻合较好.但由于非饱和渗流的特殊性,非饱和区介质岩石的物理特性会随着饱和度、孔隙度等因素的变化而发生改变,从而导致土石坝内非饱和区物性参数的分布与饱和区不同,从而造成非饱和区内渗-电场关联响应存在差异.在非饱和区域,耦合电位及电流密度分布与渗流分布吻合度高.渗-电耦合结果对实施模型约束的水文-地球物理耦合反演具有重要理论和实际意义.

Study on ER Suspensions of Polyparapheneylene Doped with Rare Earth

Polyparapheneylene (PPP) was doped by CeCl 4 and FeCl 3, and then electrorheological (ER) suspensions were prepared by polymer powder with high dielectric constants and silicone oil. Under electric field, the change of viscosity, leakage current density and relative physical constants were measured. The relationships among electric field strength, particle concentration, viscosity and leakage current density were discussed. The speed of electrorheological response and the recovery time were studied and corresponding mechanisms were investigated.

电力电缆状态感知与检测技术研究综述

电力电缆是电力系统中的重要设备,电缆的运行状态关系到输配电系统的安全可靠运行。电缆状态检测技术指根据电缆运行状态的历史数据,综合运用停电试验、带电检测、在线监测等技术对电缆状态量进行智能感知,为电缆运行性能综合评估提供关键参考信息。文中综述了近年关于电缆状态感知及检测技术的国内外研究现状,分别从温度、载流量、局部放电、受潮、应变/振动和接地电流等状态量进行评述,阐明了不同状态量的检测原理,介绍了目前电缆状态检测技术研究及实践中的应用情况和发展水平,并探讨电缆状态检测技术的主要发展趋势。

基于馈线和电流的专用轨回流牵引供电系统接地故障保护

对于专用轨回流牵引供电系统,负极回流轨对地具有良好的绝缘特性,极大地限制了正极接地故障所产生的短路电流。由于负极母线电位下降、接地电阻较大等原因,现有的正极接地保护在实际应用中暴露出选择性差、灵敏度低等问题。本文通过对专用轨回流牵引供电系统短路电流以及负荷电流的潮流分析,提出以供电区间馈线和电流作为正极接地故障判断的特征量,并设计基于该故障特征量的保护方案,基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真系统,验证了该保护方案的有效性。

架空地线临界融冰电流估算方法研究

架空线路覆冰是影响电网正常运行较为严重的灾害之一,尤其地线更易出现覆冰,有必要对架空地线直流融冰电流进行计算,而现有的经验公式及应用较多的布尔斯道尔夫融冰电流计算公式较为复杂,且有些参数测量困难。因此,该文提出一种用于快速估算已知架空地线型号在不同风速、环境温度、覆冰厚度条件下临界融冰电流的方法,通过分析地线融冰物理过程,利用有限元软件搭建仿真模型,经模型计算得到数据集,然后采用多元线性回归拟合得到相关变量的函数表达式,并与计算值进行对比。

变电站小电阻接地方式的选择以及对主变保护的影响

分析了小电阻接地方式中,三种小电阻设置方式对主变差动保护消零的不同需求,以及对于不同故障类型、不同故障地点、不同电源点的故障电流灵敏度的差异。针对多分支母线的接线形式,提出了在每个分支母线设置独立的接地变及接地电阻的方案。该方案虽然增配了部分设备,但系统运行的可靠性得到了提升,且主变差动保护在低压侧无需消零处理,相关保护灵敏度不受影响。

接触网检修接地装置电流故障检测方法

在传统的接地装置的检修中,对于电流故障的检测没有现代化的手段,缺少对于电流故障时暂态特征的分析,导致对于检测结果的精度不高,检测不准确,因此提出接触网检修接地装置电流故障检测方法。首先确定接地装置地网平面布置情况为不等间距排列方式,即可确定其电流排布形式,进而在接地线暂态电流特征中分析故障电路,融合电阻参数检测故障问题,最后对故障区域进行定位,完成对于接地装置电流故障的检测。实验中实验组的平均检测精度为98.55%,而对照组Ⅰ的检测精度为86.92%。对照组Ⅱ的检测精度为85.75%。可以得出检修接地装置电流故障检测方法对于检测精度的提升,可将其推广运用,以提高对故障电流检测结果的准确性。