Ecological compensation mechanism for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on footprint balance and footprint deficit

Construction of the ecological compensation mechanism is an important approach to put the“Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Plan”into practice and improve the ecological environment of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.This paper constructs an ecological compensation mechanism for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on the footprint balance and footprint deficit after clarifying ecological governance objectives.First,this paper proposes to establish a uniform,hierarchical and classified supply mechanism of ecosystem services according to the classification of land resources,water resources and forest resources for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Then,the“Authority with Corresponding Responsibility”for the supply of ecosystem services in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can be realized through a footprint balance and footprint deficit indicator circulation mechanism.Finally,the scientific and rational ecological compensation standard can be guaranteed through establishing the integrated governance mechanism for ecological compensation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and improving the“ecological compensation standard”.The results of this paper can provide sound theoretical support for effectively promoting the improvement of ecosystem services and human well-being in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good results.The success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy supply.The effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

Initial Exploration on the Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Baiyangdian Watershed

Establishment of the ecological compensation mechanism is one important way for solving a series of issues in Baiyangdian Watershed, including environment pollution, ecological deterioration, unsustained water supplement, rural pollution aggravation and ecological migration. Based on the principles of main functional area, public goods, welfare economics, financial transfer payment and watershed management, we put forward the construction framework of ecological compensation mechanism in Baiyangdian Watershed. Compensation subject is governments at all levels and beneficiary within watershed. Compensation object is governments at all levels, eco-builder and victim within watershed. Compensation way in- dudes government-led and market-oriented and game-negotiation types. Compensation standard includes financial transfer payment, compensation between upstream and downstream of the watershed, rural environmental protection with collections of management fees and subsidies to co-gov- ernance, ecological migration and inter-basin section. The safeguard measures of implementation for ecological compensation mechanism in Baiy- angdian Watershed are setting legal system and status of the ecological compensation, ensuring special usage of the ecological compensation fund, carrying out performance evaluation index system, building social management system of the ecological compensation and promoting the reform of watershed manaQement structure.

Perfecting the Market-Oriented Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.

Improving the ecological compensation mechanism for drinking water source in Yunnan province

Ecological compensation mechanism for drinking water source is one of the effective economic ways to solve the issues of the shortage of the protection investment and the lack of the driving forces to protect the water quality.The successful cases of compensation mechanism for drinking water source have examined the dilemma of improving the trans-administrative boundary compensation mechanism both in China and Yunnan.The lack of the provincial rules and regulations in Yunnan is the fundamental reason for the local government not willingly to establish the compensation mechanism.On the other hand,the shortage of the compensation funds is the key difficulty for the shareholders to reach an agreement.Formulating the rules and regulations about the construction of the compensation mechanism of drinking water source in Yunnan would be a feasible way to stipulate the local government to set up the compensation mechanism.Meanwhile,designing a complete set of compensation mechanism would make full use of the mechanism to work well to protect the water quality in an economic way.

Mechanism of Ecological Compensating and Carbon Sink Trade in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Tibetan, Han and other ethnic people in Tibetan Autonomous Region labored hard to protect the forests and steppes and produce invisible ecological products. The forests and steppes in Qinghai -Tibet Plateau conserved water and added the Jinsha River. In order to achieve sustainable development, it needs to construct compensating mechanism inter Provinces between the upper Yangtze River and the middle and lower Yangtze River, to implement carbon sink trading, and to assist farmers and herdsmen in the Tibet to get rich as soon as possible.