Questionnaire Research on Indoor Environment Quality i n China

With 1 185 pi eces of questionnaire, it is found that in China, people take fresh air, odor, e tc., as well as indoor air temperature, humidity, as the most important indoor a ir parameters. It is also found that there is a significant sensitivity differen ce in indoor environment between southerners and northerners in China. People fr om different regions have different demands for their working and living environ ment. Therefore, as a good design of air conditioning system, it is strongly rec ommended that the different demands of people from different regions should be t aken into consideration.

Big Data Analytics with Artificial Intelligence Enabled Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring Framework

Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resourceharvesting, pollution control, and non-renewable resource exhaustion. Airpollution is a significant issue confronted by the environment particularlyby highly populated countries like India. Due to increased population, thenumber of vehicles also continues to increase. Each vehicle has its individualemission rate;however, the issue arises when the emission rate crosses thestandard value and the quality of the air gets degraded. Owing to the technological advances in machine learning (ML), it is possible to develop predictionapproaches to monitor and control pollution using real time data. With thedevelopment of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data Analytics (BDA),there is a huge paradigm shift in how environmental data are employed forsustainable cities and societies, especially by applying intelligent algorithms.In this view, this study develops an optimal AI based air quality prediction andclassification (OAI-AQPC) model in big data environment. For handling bigdata from environmental monitoring, Hadoop MapReduce tool is employed.In addition, a predictive model is built using the hybridization of ARIMAand neural network (NN) called ARIMA-NN to predict the pollution level.For improving the performance of the ARIMA-NN algorithm, the parametertuning process takes place using oppositional swallow swarm optimization(OSSO) algorithm. Finally, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)classifier is used to classify the air quality into pollutant and non-pollutant.A detailed experimental analysis is performed for highlighting the betterprediction performance of the proposed ARIMA-NN method. The obtainedoutcomes pointed out the enhanced outcomes of the proposed OAI-AQPCtechnique over the recent state of art techniques.

Oxidation Performance of Ytterbium Disilicate/Silicon Environmental Barrier Coating via Optimized Air Plasma Spraying

Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) play a critical role in mitigating the degradation of SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in complex combustion environment, and improve the service life of thermal engine components. In this paper, by adjusting the parameters of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), the spraying process of ytterbium disilicate (Yb2Si2O7) under a lower power has been optimized. A two-layer EBC system consisting of ytterbium disilicate and silicon is prepared on the SiCf/SiC composite substrate by using optimized technological parameters. The thermal resistance and water oxygen corrosion resistance of such two-layer EBC system are investigated. The results indicate that the current ytterbium disilicate/silicon EBC system exhibits good phase stability, excellent water vapor and oxygen corrosion resistance. However, the exposed silicon bonding layer tends to generate an excessive thermal growth oxide (TGO) layer known as SiO2, leading to an early spallation of the coating.

Analysis of the relationship between environmental policies and air quality during major social events

Based on an analysis of major recent social events in China,such as the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,2010 Shanghai World Expo,2014 Nanjing Youth Olympic Games,and 2014 Beijing Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference,mandatory,temporary,and indemnificatory quantitative policies aimed at protecting air quality,which were carried out by both central and local governments,made substantial contributions to changes and improvements in air quality.To some extent,the findings show that command and control measures play a significant role in protecting air quality,while the law and economic and voluntary environmental safeguard measures do not during major social events.Therefore,it reminds us the air quality could and will improve not only during major social events but also in the regular days if we implement appropriate environmental policies and safeguard measures.

Analysis of the Game for the Air Pollution in the Perspective of the Amendment about Environmental Law

The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government＇s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.

Research on Decision Support System (DSS) of Atmospheric Environment Management in Anhui Province Based on Air Quality Forecasting

With the atmospheric stereoscopic monitoring, air quality forecasting and decision of environment management as the main line, and comprehensive management system as the guidance, five platforms including infrastructure, technological support, monitoring and early monitoring, decision support and information services were established. These platforms have 15 subsystems, including stereoscopic monitoring network, visual business consultation, high-performance computing environment, comprehensive management of atmospheric data, emission inventories of pollu-tion sources, evaluation tools of atmospheric models, monitoring and management of air pollution, forecasting and early warning of air quality, diag-nostic analysis of atmospheric environment, tracking of air pollution sources, emergency management of air pollution, conformity management of air quality, comprehensive display of information, releasing of information to external networks, and releasing of information by mobile networks. The decision support system （DSS） of atmospheric environment management could realize an integration business system of 11 air quality forecast - heavy pollution weather warning - diagnosis of pollution causes （dynamic analysis of pollution sources） -air quality conformity planning （air pollu-tion emergency management） -evaluation of forecasting and warning results （evaluation pf management measures） -air quality forecasting＂ and provide the technical support for the prevention and control of atmosphere pollution in Anhui province.

Investigating the Air Quality Parameters in Louisiana’s Industrial Corridor: A Baton Rouge Case Study

In a local context, sustainable development entails utilizing the current resources—material and immaterial, measurable and immeasurable, popular and unpopular—of the community in a manner that avoids overexploitation and ensures intergenerational equity. This approach prioritizes the safety and health of local citizens, placing communal productivity above corporate profitability. This research aims to assess air quality surrounding 28 chemical industry sites in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to understand the environmental and health impacts of industrial pollutants, with a focus on environmental justice. Air quality pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2, were monitored for 75 days during the Summer, using the BreezoMeter app. Python, Mapize, and QGIS software technologies were utilized for data analysis and visualization. Findings indicate a reduction in NO2 and CO levels, compared to existing literature. However, the persistent challenge of particulate matter suggests areas for further environmental management efforts. Additionally, the research suggests a significant disparity in air pollution exposure, probably affecting marginalized communities. Although the nature of the study might not fully capture annual pollution trends, the findings highlight the urgent need for the chemical industry to adopt efficient production methods and for policymakers to enhance air quality standards and enforcement, particularly in pollution-sensitive areas. The disproportionate impact of air pollution on vulnerable communities calls for a more inclusive approach to environmental justice, ensuring equitable distribution of clean air benefits and community involvement in pollution management decisions.

Effect of Electrical Current on the Tribological Behavior of the Cu-WS_2-G Composites in Air and Vacuum

As the traditional graphite-based composites cannot meet the requirement of rapid developing modern industry, novel sliding electrical contact materials with high self-lubricating performance in multiple environments are eagerly required. Herein a copper-based composite with WS2 and graphite as solid lubricant are fabricated by powder metallurgy hot-pressed method. The friction and wear behaviors of the composites with and without current are investigated under the condition with sliding velocity of 10 m/s and normal load of 2.5N/cm 2 in both air and vacuum. Morphologies of the worn surfaces are observed by optical microscope and compositions of the lubricating films are analyzed by XPS. Surface profile curves and roughness of the worn surfaces are obtained by 2205 surface profiler. The results of wear tests show that the friction coefficient and wear volume loss of the composites with current are greater than that without current in both air and vacuum due to the adverse effects of electrical current which damaged the lubricating film partially and roughed the worn surfaces. XPS results demonstrate that the lubricating film formed in air is composed of oxides of Cu, WS2 , elemental S and graphite, while the lubricating film formed in vacuum is composed of Cu, WS2 and graphite. Because of the synergetic lubricating action of oxides of Cu, WS2 and graphite, the composites show low friction coefficient and wear volume loss in air condition. Owing to the fact that graphite loses its lubricity which makes WS2 become the only lubricant, severe adhesive and abrasive wear occur and result in a high value of wear rate in vacuum condition. The formation of the lubricating film on the contact interface between the brush and ring is one of the factors which can greatly affect the wear performance of the brushes. The low contact voltage drop of the composites in vacuum condition is attributed to the high content of Cu in the surface film. This study fabricated a kind of new sliding electrical contact self-lubricating composite with dual-lubricant which can work well in both air and vacuum environments and provides a comprehensive analysis on the lubrication mechanisms of the composite.

Atmospheric Environmental Capacity of S_2 in Winter over Lanzhou in China:A Case Study

The total emission control method based on atmospheric environmental capacity is the most effective in air pollution mitigation. The atmospheric environmental capacities of SO2 on representative days over Lanzhou are estimated using the numerical models RAMS, HYPACT and a linear programming model, according to the national ambient air quality standard of China （NAAQSCHN）. The results show that the fields of meteorological elements and SO2 simulated by the models agree reasonably well with observations. The atmospheric environmental capacity of SO2 over Lanzhou is around 111.7 × 10^3 kg d^-1, and in order to meet the air quality level Ⅱ of the NAAQSCHN, SO2 emissions need to be reduced by 20%.

Environmental Problems in China-An Overview

China＇s economy develops very quickly; at the same time it faces severe environmental problems. Air and water pollution is the heaviest among them. This paper tries to analyze the reasons of the involving environmental problems in China and the government responses.

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol over RuO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst

A kind of CWAO catalyst, RuO_2/γ-Al_2O_3, was prepared by dipping Al_2O_3into the aqueous solution of RuCl_3·3H_2O. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to determine the catalyticstructure. Influences of the calcination temperature, the initial pH of the feed solution anddegradation temperature on the activity of the RuO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst were investigated and thereaction mechanism was preliminarily studied. Results showed that uniform dispersion of RuO_2crystallites was observed on the surface of the catalyst. The activity of the catalyst was higher atcalcination temperature of 300℃ for 3 h and the particle reunion occurred and some large RuO_2crystallites were abundant at high calcination temperature of 500℃ The activity of the catalyst wasbetter in the acid solution than in the alkaline solution. Increasing degradation temperature andusing the catalyst could shorten the induction periods so that the phenol and COD removal wereincreased. For RuO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst, the phenol and COD removal were respectively 98% and 80%in a temperature of 150℃, pH of 5.6 and pressure of 3 MPa after a 2 h reaction. This indicated thatRu/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst had good activity.

Air Pollution in Major Chinese Cities: Some Progress, But Much More to Do

Background: Ambient (outdoor) air pollution has been implicated as a major cause of acute cardiovascular and pulmonary illnesses and increased risk for acute and chronic effects after chronic exposures, including mortality and morbidity. In 2008, due to persistent health concerns about its workforce and their dependents, the US Mission in China began monitoring air quality at the US Embassy in Beijing. Subsequently, monitoring stations were also established at US consulates at Shanghai (2011), Guangzhou (2011), Chengdu (2012), and Shenyang (2013). Objectives: To determine whether there have been definable trends in air quality in these five Chinese cities. Methods: Air monitoring results from each locale for accumulated PM2.5 particulate matter were calculated hourly. Accumulated data were organized, culled using a standardized set of heuristics, and analyzed for trends. Results: China’s capital city, Beijing, experienced decreased PM2.5 from 2013 through 2015, but no significant long-term downward trend from 2008 through 2015. Shanghai has not shown any definable air quality trend since 2012. Chengdu experienced some improvement in air quality since 2013, but none discernible from 2012 through 2015. Guangzhou had generally better air quality, and a downward trend since 2012. Shenyang experienced increasingly severe air pollution from 2013 through 2015. Conclusion: There appear to have been recent tangible, though modest, improvements in air quality in three large Chinese cities: Beijing, Chengdu, and Guangzhou, but no apparent progress in Shanghai, and a worrisome decline in air quality observed in Shenyang. Despite recent progress, there is a long way to go before even the cities which show improvement reach Chinese standards.

Experimental Study on Purification Efficiency of Air Purifier for the Indoor Total Volatile Organic Compounds

By using total volatile organic compounds （TVOC） as the objective volatile pollutant, the purification efficiency of some representative air purifiers bought in the market was determined under the relatively independent and stable environmental conditions supplied by the self-made multi- functional environmental test chamber. Various evaluation parameters of TVOC were calculated based on the tested results, such as purification ef- ficiency and removal rate. The results showed that the TVOC purification efficiency increased with enhancing the temperature or lessening the rela- tive humidity, but this effect is not obvious. The air purifiers which use photocatalytic technology have higher TVOC purification efficiency than those which only use some adsorption technology. The purification efficiency and removal rate can be more accurate to evaluate the purification efficiency of air purifiers.

Impact of Sand Mining and Sea Reclamation on the Environment and Socioeconomic Activities of Ikate and Ilubirin Coastal Low Income Communities in Lagos Metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria

Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. Results of water revealed concentrations lower than WHO (2017) and SON (2007) standards. Soil/sediment with average crustal value revealed Pb and Cd above standard values, which is attributed to anthropogenic influence on soils. Quality of air in the study was mainly particulate matter arising from the sea and reclaimed land in the surroundings of the environment with the highest Total Suspended Particulate of 0.8 mg/m3 in sulfur dioxide. This explains corrosion found on the roofs of the communities. Therefore, in the development planning adequate precautions should be put in place to avert environmental degradation.

Evaluation of Environmental Requirements for Sustainable Ready-Mix Concrete Production in Abu Dhabi Emirate

Sustainability is the main concern for current and future construction projects in the world. In any project, attaining sustainability requires the integrity of four main elements. These elements cover economical, societal, cultural, and environmental aspects to its successful implementation and integration in an anthropogenic framework. Concrete is one of the main building materials used in current construction activities around the world;therefore, many issues pertaining to concrete long term sustainability arise. This makes issues related to environmental evaluation and assessment for the ready-mix concrete production process of vital importance. The release of particulate matter (PM) including PM10 and PM2.5 could be considered the main air pollutant that is emitted from this industrial sector;where PM can be released from different stages of ready-mix concrete production process. Another concern arising from the ready-mix concrete operations which may affect the soil and ground water quality is the spills or leaks that may occur from the storage containers used for diesel, motor oil, and chemical admixture. In 2010, Environmental Agency-Abu Dhabi (EAD) collected data pertaining to the operations of 73 ready-mix concrete facilities in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The data showed that the average production rate of concrete is around 250,000 m3/year, which indicates that the concrete industry is a very active industry in the Emirate. Hence, EAD has established a set of plans and requirements to minimize the environmental impacts of concrete production on the environment and public health. The environmental impact of the concrete manufacturing can be reduced by conserving use of raw material ingredients, conserving energy consumption, and following Best Management Practices (BMPs) related to readymix concrete production. In this paper, a variety of BMPs are presented for ready-mix concrete manufacturing facilities in Abu Dhabi. These BMPs cover the following areas: raw materials handling and transport, process operation, housekeeping, waste management, emergency response, and training record. EAD can then regulate the ready-mix concrete manufacturing sector in Abu Dhabi using these BMPs and the requirements of the issued permitting conditions in order to have a sustainable industrial sector.

Using a Coupled Air Quality Modeling System for the Development of an Air Quality Plan in Madrid (Spain): Source Apportionment and Analysis Evaluation of Mitigation Measures

In this contribution, we use a coupled air quality modelling system (AQM) as a tool to design and develop an air quality plan in Madrid. AQM has allowed us to obtain a preliminary evaluation of the effect of mitigation measures over regional and local air quality levels. To achieve these goals, we have prepared a sophisticated AQM, coupling the meteorological model WRF, the emission model AEMM, and the photochemical model CMAQ. AQM was evaluated using the whole modelling year 2010 working with high horizontal resolution, 3 km for the region of Madrid and 1km for urban metropolitan area of Madrid. Two different analyses have been realized: a source apportionment exercise following a zero-out methodology to obtain the contribution to the air quality levels of the different emission sector;and an evaluation of the main mitigation measures considered in the air quality plan using sensitivity analysis. The air quality plan was focused on the improvement of NO2 levels and AQM analyzed the effect of the mitigation measures during ten episodes of 2011 where NO2 or O3 levels were the highest of the year;so we analyzed the effect of the mitigation plan in worst conditions. Results provided by the AQM system show that it accomplishes the European Directive modelling uncertainty requirements and the mean absolute gross error for 1-h maximum daily NO2 is 31% over locations with higher levels of this atmospheric pollutant;the road traffic is the main contributor to the air quality levels providing a 81% for NO2, 67% for CO and 46% for PM10;measures defined in the plan achieve to reduce up to 11 μgm-3 NO2 levels offering highest reductions over urban areas with traffic influence.

Visual Interactive Computer Package for Air Conditioning System Design: Case of the International Conference Centre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Air conditioning design has become an interesting aspect of human life with the aim of seeking environmental comfort for indoor spaces. Analytical work involves in the design of air-conditioning system is often time consuming and laborious. This work therefore aims at developing a visual interactive computer package for the design of air conditioning system using the international conference centre, University of Ibadan, Nigeria as a case study. Procedures for calculating heat gain through various building components were discussed in detail. Cooling load analysis was carried out using standard cooling load equations obtained from the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) handbook. A computer program was developed using java programming language to compute the total cooling load in the building. The result from the computer program was obtained within a very short period of time when compared with that of the manual one. The cooling load of the building obtained was 3,194,414 btu/hr;a visual interactive computer package for the design of air conditioning system has been developed and tested positively;hence can be used to design air conditioning system for any building.

北京市环境空气样品外照射辐射水平与空气质量的关系

目的探讨大气气溶胶颗粒物外照射辐射水平与空气质量的关系,及时发现环境中可能存在的放射性污染,为建立人群健康监护体系和有效的污染防控策略提供技术基础。方法在北京市东城区某院5层设置固定的环境空气监测点,使用Snow White大流量采样器收集2024年1—2月期间28个监测日的大气气溶胶样品,每日连续20~24 h采样,使用TBM-3S型测量监测仪测量样品滤膜表面的空气比释动能率,分析样品的辐射水平与当日空气质量指数(AQI)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的变化关系。结果2024年1—2月随机抽取28个监测日空气样品的外照射辐射水平范围值为2.10~7.18μGy/h,平均值为(4.72±1.28)μGy/h,样品外照射辐射水平与AQI、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的相关系数R2分别为0.0329、0.0135和0.044。2017年38个监测日样品外照射辐射水平范围值为2.52~6.83μGy/h,平均值为(4.46±1.29)μGy/h,2024和2017年两组样品外照射辐射水平比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.008,P>0.05)。结论北京市大气气溶胶滤膜样品外照射辐射水平与空气质量无直接关系。空气样品外照射辐射水平是环境空气放射性污染监测的可靠指针,应持续进行监测。

Overview on Air Pollution Control Promoting the Improvement of Ambient Air Quality in Tianjin

To improve ambient air quality and return citizens blue sky and white clouds,national and local administrative departments all issue corresponding countermeasures to strictly prevent and control air pollution,reduce total pollutant emission,and improve environmental management level. In this paper,taking Tianjin as an example,change situation of regional air pollution and its prevention and control management situation were summarized.