虚拟装配中DELMIA/Ergonomics的应用研究

介绍了虚拟装配以及DELMIA/Ergonomics模块功能。应用DELMIA/Ergonomics引入了人体模型;通过调整人体模型尺寸及其姿态并结合人机工程学对装配工具进行尺寸修改设计;结合虚拟装配技术,对装配模型进行虚拟装配,从而检验了装配模型的装配可达性,体现了人机工程学在虚拟装配中的作用。

Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) in Leadership and Management: Organizational Interventions to Reduce Stress in Healthcare Delivery

Clinician Burnout is a personal and public health issue. Most occupational stressors contributing to clinician burnout are systemic. The combination of organizational interventions along with individual interventions is necessary to make significant lasting difference in reducing burnout, improving clinician and patient satisfaction and reducing latent error in healthcare delivery. Application of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) science in healthcare leadership and management is a gap in current training for leaders. HFE uses concepts from organizational, educational and cognitive science, systems science and industrial engineering. HFE application is especially necessary in a fast changing highly stressful healthcare environment which impacts the wellbeing of clinicians and the safety of patients under care. Practical suggestions for working with various healthcare leadership styles and organizational dynamics, while aligning wellness efforts with institutional mission are discussed. Concrete examples of decreasing extraneous mental load on clinicians to preserve their brainpower to achieve quality patient care are illustrated. Organizational interventions in combination with individual interventions to reduce and manage burnout have enormous potential to improve clinician wellbeing and satisfaction in taking care of patients, reduce costs, risk of error and create the safe working environment needed to sustainably give high quality care to patients.

A New Design of Student Apartment Bed Based on Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics

Aiming at the defects of the products available on the market at present and basing on the Kansei Engineering and Ergonomics, a new kind of student apartment bed which can prove its humanity more clearly is designed, and its design direction is gotten through the questionnaire and the design starts from the real actual needs of students. After the original design was finished, the later investigation on the students was engaged with and made the engineering analysis. The conclusion is that the sum of ＂perfect＂ and ＂good＂ membership rates is up to 64%, hence the comprehensive assessment of the design is perfect. That is to say, this design is able to realize and meet the needs of users, and there is no doubt that it will have a good business prospects.

STUDY ON ERGONOMICS AND ITS USE IN THE HARVESTING SYSTEM

This paper describes the researching aim and content of Ergonomics.Some prob-lems existing in modern harvesting system,such as machinery availability,cabin design,occupational accident,noise and vibration are discussed from the viewpoint of Ergonomics.Furthermore,some improving ways and suggestions are presented.

Household Drill Innovative Design under the Guidance of Ergonomics

The household drill is named 90 Degree, designed by Industrial Design Pilot Program Center(Hereinafter referred to as IDPPC) of Luxun Academy of Fine Arts(Hereinafter referred to as LAFA), which is the only national pilot program center in Chinese industrial design field. 90 Degree is designed for home environment, it helps inexperience users, such as women and the elderly, complete the operation easily, and it makes sure that safe operation and assistance users solve the precise punching, location, storage trash and other operations. According to research among users who can understand or manipulate a drill, the designers find problems of users from the user central perspective, and then they integrate product innovative design methods to propose solutions. When the designers intend to design 90 Degree, they attempt using the user behavior record and analysis system, and start ergonomics study in subjects by double hands operation analysis, using gesture analysis, details of work analysis, time and motion study, etc; meanwhile taking advantages of user experience analysis, behavior intention analysis to do user subjective perceptual evaluation. The functions, structure, shape, color, material, details of 90 Degree should be consistent with the standard of usability evaluation. There are two characteristics in 90 Degree, the first one is a transparent cover installed in front of the drill, which can collect the dust, rubbish when drilling and keep the work environment clean. So it is applicable for households. When the transparent cover of the drill is removed, it also can be used as a normal hand drill; the second one is the shape of 90 Degree makes it and the operating surface fitting together, thus enhancing the stability in operation, so it is best for inexperienced users. When 90 Degree contacts with the operating surface, it can emit the laser ray which helps the user to punch accurately, and make array punch more easily. After obtaining the data, charts, creating Shadow observation by the designers, they make a comprehensive evaluation on research results; verification advantages of 90 Degree meet the requirement of usability, reducing operating failure rate; and increasing safety factors. 90 Degree, in 2011, wined German Red Dot Design Award, which had become a representative excellent design example to resolve several drilling difficulties. The designers introduce ergonomics theory into design practice, and use scientific program and methods to evaluate the products which is useful to the development and promotion of products.

Ergonomics of gastrointestinal endoscopies:Musculoskeletal injury among endoscopy physicians,nurses,and technicians

BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries(MSI)have plagued endoscopists and ancillary staff for decades without any innovative and strong ergonomic guidelines.It has placed a physical and mental strain on our endoscopists and ancillary staff.We have very have limited data supporting this claim in our region and most data is supported by western literature.AIM To document the prevalence of MSI,and awareness and practices of ergonomics by endoscopists and ancillary staff.METHODS This is an observational cross-sectional study,conducted in Karachi,a city that boasts the maximum number of daily endoscopies in the country.An eleven-point self-administered questionnaire was distributed and used to evaluate MSI and ergonomic adjustments amongst three tertiary care setups in Karachi.An onsite survey via a 13-point checklist for endoscopy suite facilities was used to assess the ergonomically friendly conveniences at five tertiary care setups in Karachi.A total of 56 participants replied with a filled survey.RESULTS There were 56 participants in total with 39(69.6%)males.Pain and numbness were documented by 75%of the patients,with pain in the neck(41.1%),lower back(32.1%),shoulder(21.4%),thumb(12.5%),hand(23.2%),elbow(8.9%),and carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)(7.1%).Of those,33.3%attributed their symptoms to endoscopy, 14.2% said that symptoms were not caused by endoscopy, and 52.4% were notcertain whether endoscopy had caused their symptoms. Twenty-one point four percent of patientshad to take time off their work, while 33.9% took medications for pain. Ergonomic modifications toprevent musculoskeletal injury, including placement of endoscopic monitor at eye level and thecardiac monitor in front, stopping the procedure to move patients, sitting while performingcolonoscopy, and navigating height-adjustable bed were used by 21.4%. Nine out of 13 ergonomicfacilities were not present in all five tertiary care hospitals. Conveniences, such as anti-fatiguemats, height-adjustable computer stations, and time out between patients were not present.CONCLUSIONThree-fourth of our endoscopists reported MSI, of which more than half were not sure orattributed this problem to endoscopy. The prevalence of MSI warrants urgent attention.

Functional design method for improving safety and ergonomics of mechanical products

In order to help companies to improve their competetiveness, it is important to develop new design methodologies. In this framework, a Functional And Robust Design (FARD) methodology dedicated to routine design of “highly productive” modular product ranges is proposed including principles of functional analysis, Design For Assembly (DFA), and techniques of modelling and simulation for ergonomics consideration. This paper focuses on the application of this original method applied to mechanical vibration and ergonomics problems of a scraper. Including biomechanical aspect in the design methodology, it is possible to identify the impact of a vibration tool on its users using numerical models of the tool coupled to a finite element model of the human hand. This method can proactively warn very early, in the design process, the risks of causing musculoskeletal disorders and facilitate an optimization of the mechanical tool. This study is a first step in a context of human-centered design.

Benefits of laptop computer ergonomics education to graduate students

Laptop computers are used more often than desktop computers, especially among graduate students. Many common laptop habits can have severe physiological effects on the user ranging from eye strain, poor posture, upper extremity pain, and overuse injuries. Thus, it is important to educate students on the best ergonomic position to use laptops. This study investigates the efficacy of a laptop ergonomic education session and its effects on graduate students’ knowledge and behaviors regarding proper laptop use. A convenience sample of control and experimental groups was used and consisted of 83 occupational therapy (OT), 63 physical therapy (PT), and 26 nurse anesthesia (NA) graduate students. The sample size was 172, with 94 graduate students in the control group and 78 graduate students in the experimental. All study participants completed an initial ergonomics questionnaire. The experimental group was given an ergonomics education session following the questionnaire. Approximately 4 weeks after both groups completed the initial questionnaire;a follow up questionnaire was administered. Results showed that subjects demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in ergonomics knowledge after they completed the ergonomic educational session. Some participants reported making adaptations to laptop positioning and equipment use following the educational session. Thus, participating in ergonomic education can positively influence awareness of body mechanics relative to laptop workstation design.

An Ergonomics Study and Rapid Upper Limb Assessments(RULA)for a Car Interior to Support Limb Disabled Drivers

The demanding market shows that the need for the disabled vehicles have been increasing over the recent years.However,these factory setting cars are pricey,and its buy-sell process is time-consuming.These cars also are not meant as a universal design or inclusion design type of car,so that when it is designed for the disabled,it can be beneficial for all.With the motivation to include limbs disabled drivers in designing a universally designed car,this study aims to determine the preferred ergonomics interior of the car which can improve features needed to meet the mobility of impaired individuals in most scenarios.5 simulations were carried out to simulate these conditions using the RULA analysis,in order to simulate the ergonomics impact on the manikin.In the final analysis,the simulations showed a virtuous score,which was between 1 and 2 for the newly redesigned interior,compared to the score of 3 to 6 for current cars.Another verification made,post questionnaire delineates positive responses upon the redesigned parts scoring 70%~90% level of ergonomics rated.Therefore,this research has set forth the necessity of redesigning a car interior and improved its ergonomic features extensively,specifically for lower limb and combined limb disabled drivers.

Clinical outcomes and ergonomics analysis of three laparoscopic techniques for Hirschsprung's disease

AIM: To report the clinical outcomes and ergonomics analysis of three laparoscopic approaches in the management of Hirschsprung's disease(HD).METHODS: There were 90 pediatric patients(63 boys, 27 girls; mean age: 3.6 ± 2.7 mo; range: 1.0-90.2 mo) who underwent laparoscopic endorectal pull-through Soave procedures for short- and long-segment HD in our hospital. Three laparoscopic approaches were used: conventional laparoscopic pull-through(CLP) in 30 patients between 2009 and 2013, single-incision laparoscopic pull-through(SILP) in 28 patients between 2010 and 2013, and hybrid single-incision laparoscopic pull-through(H-SILP) in 32 patients between 2011 and 2013. We applied the hybrid version of the single-incision approach in 2011 to preserve the cosmetic advantage of SILP and the ergonomic advantage of CLP. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, cosmetic results, and ergonomics of these three approaches to have a better understanding of the selection of one approach over another. RESULTS: The CLP, SILP, and H-SILP groups were similar in regard to age, sex, transition zone, blood loss, hospital stay, and intraoperative complications. Early and late postoperative results were not different, with equal daily defecation frequency and postoperative complications. No conversion to open technique was needed and none of the patients had recurrent constipation. With proper training, the ergonomics challenges were overcome and similar operative times were registered for the general operative time in the patients < 1 year of age and the short-segment HD patients. However, significantly shorter operative times were registered compared to SILP for patients > 1 year of age(CLP and H-SILP: 120 ± 15 min and 119 ± 12 min, respectively, vs 140 ± 7 min; P < 0.05) and for long-segment HD patients(152 ± 3.5 min and 154 ± 3.6 min, respectively, vs 176 ± 2.3 min; P < 0.05). The best cosmetic result was registered with the SILP(scarless), followed by the H-SILP(near scarless appearance) and the CLP(visible scars) procedures. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, we believed that the laparoscopic approach should be selected according to the age, transition zone, and desired cosmetic result.

Integrating ergonomics data and emotional scale to analyze people’s emotional attachment to different landscape features in the Wudaokou Urban Park

Against the background of urban renewal,the landscape transformation of urban public space into urban parks has become an effective way of improving environmental quality and creating an emotional attachment for people.Meanwhile,existing studies have seldom adopted experimental methods to scientifically reveal the effect of different landscape features on emotional experience.Using a portable eye movement tracker,wearable wireless physiological sensor,and emotional attachment scale,this study collects participants’ergonomics data,and their degree and dimension of emotional attachment while experiencing different landscape features in Wudaokou Park in Beijing,China.The data were analyzed with the help of ErgoLab platform and IBM SPSS software.The results indicate that the artificial and natural landscape features and their specific characteristics have different effects on eye movement index,heart rate variability,skin conductance level,and attachment degree and dimension.The design of Wudaokou Park was proven to significantly promote emotional attachment.Natural features play an important role,among which the use of wild plants and gazebosdshowing the texture and structural logic of bamboo materialsdstand out.The research not only expands the practical scope of ergonomics instruments and improves the rationality of the emotional attachment scale,but also provides emotion-oriented design methods for urban researchers and designers to improve the emotional experience in urban parks in the future.

Virtual simulation of production line for ergonomics evaluation

To avoid ergonomic problems in the early planning stages of a production line and achieve more satisfactory planning and design, ergonomic simulation is particularly important in digital production line planning. An ergonomics analysis method is presented by using two theories： Ovako working posture analysis system （OWAS） and Burandt-Schultetus hand-arm force analysis （BSHA）. The processes of ergonomics analysis and simulation are discussed based on a platform of process simulation and process designer. As an example, the paper shows how ergonomics problems are considered in production line planning to make a better choice between different production line planning schemes.

Design of Rehabilitation Training Device for Finger-Tapping Movement Based on Trajectory Extraction Experiment

Patients with stroke, tendon injury and cardiovascular disease commonly have the sequelae of hand dysfunction which seriously affects the patients’ ability in daily life. Previous studies have found that the function of finger-tapping movement accounts for 80% of the hand function, and the recovery of the motor ability of the finger-tapping can greatly improve the patients’ self-care ability. Therefore, a rehabilitation training device to restore the finger-tapping movement is designed. In the study, anthropometry was applied to measure the dynamic and static dimensions of human hands in the finger-tapping movement. Subjects were selected according to the selected size range, and an experimental platform was built. Sampling points were set at key positions of index fingers and thumbs, and characteristic points of coronal planes and sagittal planes were recorded at a frequency of 10 frames per second. MATLAB was used to optimize the fitting of the scatter plot, and the fitted spatial curve parameters were input into the modeling software to establish the joint motion trajectory model and assist the design of rehabilitation training devices. It is proved that the device is ergonomic, and can effectively achieve the finger-tapping movement rehabilitation training of patients.

Ergonomic Reliability Assessment of VDT Systemfor Operation Design Based on Improved BPNN and HCR under Special Circumstances

Ergonomic reliability plays a significant role in the safe operation of devices.With the spread of infectious diseases around the world,in work environments with high loads and high infection rates,medical staff work in a state of high self-protection.The use of visual display terminal(VDT)for medical equipment has undergone fundamental changes,and the traditional medical equipment human-machine interface design needs to be improved.After the completion of design and development,a VDT design enters the experimental testing stage,which has significant limitations for simulating the work of medical staff in the high-load and high-infection environments.The testing cost is high,and subjects face harsh conditions;thus,an ergonomic reliability model that can predict the use of VDT in such special high-infection and high-load circumstances must be established.An ergonomic reliability model based on an improved backpropagation neural network(BPNN)and human cognition reliability(HCR)is proposed for predicting and evaluating operation flows according tomedical equipment VDTs.Firstly,a small data sample can be used to train BPNN to generate a network that can ensure suitable accuracy.To prevent the model from falling into local optimal solutions,the bat algorithm is introduced to improve the BPNN.Compared to a traditional BPNN,the superiority of the improved BPNN is clearly demonstrated.Secondly,the HCR method is used to analyze and highlight changes in the human factor reliability of VDTs for medical equipment in different time processes and operating processes according to BPNN prediction results,to provide a reference for selecting the optimalmethod.Finally,the validity and availability of the proposedmethod are verified through an eye tracker experiment and statistical analysis results.

The Analysis and Research on Design Features of the Modern Campus Sign System

With China's rapid development of the construction of modern campus,the school's increasing popularity and status as well as the growing number of foreign exchange.Current campus information,human development has gradually become a new issue on the development and construction of schools.The article through the analyzing on design features of the modern Campus Sign System to meet the needs of different groups,and the information can be effective used through the modern Campus Sign System between peoples and campus.So that in their daily life,work and other needs are fully met.

Proceeding of Human Exoskeleton Technology and Discussions on Future Research

After more than half a century of intense efforts, the development of exoskeleton has seen major advances, and several remarkable achievements have been made. Reviews of developing history of exoskeleton are presented, both in active and passive categories. Major models are introduced, and typical technologies are commented on. Difficulties in control algorithm, driver system, power source, and man-machine interface are discussed. Current researching routes and major developing methods are mapped and critically analyzed, and in the process, some key problems are revealed. First, the exoskeleton is totally different from biped robot, and relative studies based on the robot technologies are considerably incorrect. Second, biomechanical studies are only used to track the motion of the human body, the interaction between human and machines are seldom studied. Third, the traditional developing ways which focused on servo-controlling have inborn deficiency from making portable systems. Research attention should be shifted to the human side of the coupling system, and the human ability to learn and adapt should play a more significant role in the control algorithms Having summarized the major difficulties, possible future works are discussed. It is argued that, since a distinct boundary cannot be drawn in such strong-coupling human-exoskeleton system, the more complex the control system gets, the more difficult it is for the user to learn to use. It is suggested that the exoskeleton should be treated as a simple wearable tool, and downgrading its automatic level may be a change toward a brighter research outlook. This effort at simplification is definitely not easy, as it necessitates theoretical supports from fields such as biomechanics, ergonomics, and bionics.

Information Coding for Cockpit Human-machine Interface

Pilot needs to process lots of information when operating an aircraft, and reasonable information coding can greatly improve the correct rate and speed of information identification. At present, related researches are mainly performed in the laboratory, and the experiment method for abstract simulation is often used to research single digit information coding. The research results demonstrate a lack of systematization and applicability. The present study is based upon information coding methods of human-machine interface under real time in flight simulators. Subjects are required to perform an aircraft landing and the corresponding experiment task. The correct rate and reaction time are chosen as the performance evaluation indexes, combined with eye movement data. The advantages and disadvantages of different information coding methods are also evaluated and analyzed. The experiment results demonstrate that the effect of color coding on the correct rate of information identification is not significant, but the effect on the speed of information identification is obviously significant. The study demonstrates that on a black background, red, green and yellow are suitable colors for color coding, but blue is not. The position of information on the performance of information identification is also significant. The center of the interface is better than the edge, and the left position is superior to the right. The impact of language and a person＇s mother tongue should also be considered in practical applications. The study shows that the Chinese has a higher correct rate of identification than English. As the experiment research method in the present study is based on flight simulator, the actual utility and application value can be guaranteed. The research results have the ability to offer improvements in ergonomic reference for cockpit human-machine interface design.

Function Combined Method for Design Innovation of Children's Bike

As children mature, bike products for children in the market develop at the same time, and the conditions are frequently updated. Certain problems occur when using a bike, such as cycle overlapping, repeating function, and short life cycle, which go against the principles of energy conservation and the environmental protection intensive design concept. In this paper, a rational multi-function method of design through functional superposition, transformation, and technical implementation is proposed. An organic combination of frog-style scooter and children’s tricycle is developed using the multi-function method. From the ergonomic perspective, the paper elaborates on the body size of children aged 5 to 12 and effectively extracts data for a multi-function children’s bike, which can be used for gliding and riding. By inverting the body, parts can be interchanged between the handles and the pedals of the bike. Finally, the paper provides a detailed analysis of the components and structural design, body material, and processing technology of the bike. The study of Industrial Product Innovation Design provides an effective design method to solve the bicycle problems, extends the function problems, improves the product market situation, and enhances the energy saving feature while implementing intensive product development effectively at the same time.

Addressing Human Factors in Burnout and the Delivery of Healthcare: Quality & Safety Imperative of the Quadruple Aim

Human factors in the delivery of service are considered in many occupations of high impact on others such as airline industry and nuclear power industry, but not sufficiently in healthcare delivery. A common administrative framework of healthcare involves focus upon costs, quality and patient satisfaction (The Triple Aim). Many industries which support healthcare and healthcare administrators do not have firsthand knowledge of the complexities in delivering care. As a result, the experience and human factors of providing care are often overlooked at high level decision-making unless incorporated into the healthcare delivery framework, proposed as the fourth aim of The Quadruple Aim framework. Research is pointing to consequent negative effects on quality, safety, joy, meaning and sustainability of healthcare practice. High acute occupational stress and chronic occupational stress can cause direct and indirect effects on safety and quality of care. The biological, psychological and social consequences of burnout from excessive acute and chronic occupational stress are more of a threat to healthcare than commonly acknowledged. Patient safety, quality of care and clinician well-being are inextricably linked. This report will describe the process of transition from The Triple Aim to The Quadruple Aim administrative framework of healthcare delivery at the University of Rochester Medical Center. Developing the fourth aim of improving the experience of providing care, had high acceptability and aligned with other health system goals of optimization of safety, quality, and performance by applying a human factors/ergonomic (HFE) framework that considers human capabilities and human limitations. The goal of HFE is to fit the healthcare system to the human instead of the human to the healthcare system. Concepts include removal of extraneous cognitive load, using clinician neural resource (brain power) optimally for highest order decision making in patient care. An integrative model of patient safety and clinician wellbeing is a product of this effort.