Research progresses on growth characteristics,application effect and optimization technology of I. aquatica floating bed were reviewed;its application problems in eutrophication water were discussed,and its applicatio...Research progresses on growth characteristics,application effect and optimization technology of I. aquatica floating bed were reviewed;its application problems in eutrophication water were discussed,and its application prospect was forecasted.展开更多
At a meeting on April 5, the CAS authorities gave the green light to a proposal to carry out studies on the development and control of eutrophication on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The five-year...At a meeting on April 5, the CAS authorities gave the green light to a proposal to carry out studies on the development and control of eutrophication on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The five-year project,to cost 20 million yuan (about USS 2.4 million), will involve scientists from various CAS institutes, including the Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Wuhan Institute of Hydrobiology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Botany, Institute of Chemistry, Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, and Institute of Microbiology.展开更多
1 Introduction Rogoznica Lake is a typical example of euxinic saline lake,situated on the eastern Adriatic coast(43o32’N15o58’E).It is a karstic depression filled with seawater,
Siminghu Reservoir already transformed into " the algae muddy" type,and had nonclassical bio-manipulation practice using Hypophthalmichthys molitix and Aristichthys nobilis to feed the plankton,control water bloom a...Siminghu Reservoir already transformed into " the algae muddy" type,and had nonclassical bio-manipulation practice using Hypophthalmichthys molitix and Aristichthys nobilis to feed the plankton,control water bloom and transform the organic matters into fish product. Through the analysis of the limited data,we think that water bloom of Siminghu Reservoir can be prevented to some extent by breeding H. molitix and A. nobilis,and it can slow down eutrophication of reservoir but cannot control the eutrophication tendency. We must take a variety of comprehensive management measures to control eutrophication from the angle of basin control,and guarantee safety of drinking water resources.展开更多
Quantifying land use heterogeneity helps better understand how it influences biophysical systems.Land use area proportions have been used conventionally to predict water quality variables.Lacking an insight into the c...Quantifying land use heterogeneity helps better understand how it influences biophysical systems.Land use area proportions have been used conventionally to predict water quality variables.Lacking an insight into the combined effect of various spatial characteristics could lead to the statistical bias and confused understanding in previous studies.In this study,using spatial techniques and mathematical models,a diagnostic model was developed and applied for quantifying and incorporating three spatial components,namely,slope,distance to sampling spots,and arrangement.The upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir was studied as the test area.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and chemical oxygen demand of water samples from field measurements were used to characterize the surface water quality in 52 sub-watersheds.Using parameter calibrations and determinations,combined spatial characteristics were explored and detected.Adjusted land use proportions were calculated by spatial weights of discriminating the relative contribution of each location to water quality and used to build the integrated models.Compared with traditional methods only using area proportions,our model increased the explanatory power of land use and quantified the effects of spatial information on water quality.This can guide the optimization of land use configuration to control water eutrophication.展开更多
We carried out a one year (2002) study of phosphorus (P) loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical ferti...We carried out a one year (2002) study of phosphorus (P) loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the grasslands between March and September and animal slurry was applied over the twelve months. The annual chemical P fertilizer applications for the 17 and 211 ha catchments were 16.4 and 23.7 kg P/ha respectively and the annual slurry applications were 10.7 and 14.0 kg P/ha, respectively. The annual total phosphorus (TP) export in stream-flow was 2.61, 2.48 and 1.61 kg P/ha for the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchments, respectively, compared with a maximum permissible (by regulation) annual export of ca. 0.35 kg P/ha. The export rate (ratio of P export to P in land applications) was 9.6% and 6.6% from the 17 and 211 ha catchments, respectively. On average, 70% of stream flow and 85% of the P export occurred during the five wet months (October to February) indicating that when precipitation is much greater than evaporation, the hydrological conditions are most favourable for P export. However the soil quality and land use history may vary the results. Particulate P made up 22%, 43% and 37% of the TP export at the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchment areas, respectively. As the chemical fertilizer was spread during the grass growth months (March to September), it has less immediate impact on stream water quality than the slurry applications. We also show that as the catchment scale increases, the P concentrations and P export decrease, confirming dilution due to increasing rural catchment size. In the longer term, the excess P from fertilizer maintains high soil P levels, an antecedent condition favourable to P loss from soil to water. This study confirms the significant negative water quality impact of excess P applications, particularly liquid animal slurry applications in wet winter months. The findings suggest that restricted P application in wet months can largely reduce the P losses from soil to water.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation,China(2011R50029)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System,China(CARS-46-33)Technology Development Research Special Fund of Hangzhou Research Institute,China(20132231E04)
文摘Research progresses on growth characteristics,application effect and optimization technology of I. aquatica floating bed were reviewed;its application problems in eutrophication water were discussed,and its application prospect was forecasted.
文摘At a meeting on April 5, the CAS authorities gave the green light to a proposal to carry out studies on the development and control of eutrophication on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The five-year project,to cost 20 million yuan (about USS 2.4 million), will involve scientists from various CAS institutes, including the Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Wuhan Institute of Hydrobiology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Botany, Institute of Chemistry, Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, and Institute of Microbiology.
基金financial support of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia, under Projects 098-0982934-2717, 119-1191189-1228, 2750000000-3186
文摘1 Introduction Rogoznica Lake is a typical example of euxinic saline lake,situated on the eastern Adriatic coast(43o32’N15o58’E).It is a karstic depression filled with seawater,
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhejiang Province,China(2013C33033)
文摘Siminghu Reservoir already transformed into " the algae muddy" type,and had nonclassical bio-manipulation practice using Hypophthalmichthys molitix and Aristichthys nobilis to feed the plankton,control water bloom and transform the organic matters into fish product. Through the analysis of the limited data,we think that water bloom of Siminghu Reservoir can be prevented to some extent by breeding H. molitix and A. nobilis,and it can slow down eutrophication of reservoir but cannot control the eutrophication tendency. We must take a variety of comprehensive management measures to control eutrophication from the angle of basin control,and guarantee safety of drinking water resources.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)[grant number 2015CB452702]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41371116].
文摘Quantifying land use heterogeneity helps better understand how it influences biophysical systems.Land use area proportions have been used conventionally to predict water quality variables.Lacking an insight into the combined effect of various spatial characteristics could lead to the statistical bias and confused understanding in previous studies.In this study,using spatial techniques and mathematical models,a diagnostic model was developed and applied for quantifying and incorporating three spatial components,namely,slope,distance to sampling spots,and arrangement.The upper catchment of Miyun Reservoir was studied as the test area.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and chemical oxygen demand of water samples from field measurements were used to characterize the surface water quality in 52 sub-watersheds.Using parameter calibrations and determinations,combined spatial characteristics were explored and detected.Adjusted land use proportions were calculated by spatial weights of discriminating the relative contribution of each location to water quality and used to build the integrated models.Compared with traditional methods only using area proportions,our model increased the explanatory power of land use and quantified the effects of spatial information on water quality.This can guide the optimization of land use configuration to control water eutrophication.
基金part of the Environmental Research Technological Development which is managed by the Environmental Protection Agency and financed by the Irish Government under the National Development Plan 2000-2006 (No. 2000-LS-2.1.1A-M1)
文摘We carried out a one year (2002) study of phosphorus (P) loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the grasslands between March and September and animal slurry was applied over the twelve months. The annual chemical P fertilizer applications for the 17 and 211 ha catchments were 16.4 and 23.7 kg P/ha respectively and the annual slurry applications were 10.7 and 14.0 kg P/ha, respectively. The annual total phosphorus (TP) export in stream-flow was 2.61, 2.48 and 1.61 kg P/ha for the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchments, respectively, compared with a maximum permissible (by regulation) annual export of ca. 0.35 kg P/ha. The export rate (ratio of P export to P in land applications) was 9.6% and 6.6% from the 17 and 211 ha catchments, respectively. On average, 70% of stream flow and 85% of the P export occurred during the five wet months (October to February) indicating that when precipitation is much greater than evaporation, the hydrological conditions are most favourable for P export. However the soil quality and land use history may vary the results. Particulate P made up 22%, 43% and 37% of the TP export at the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchment areas, respectively. As the chemical fertilizer was spread during the grass growth months (March to September), it has less immediate impact on stream water quality than the slurry applications. We also show that as the catchment scale increases, the P concentrations and P export decrease, confirming dilution due to increasing rural catchment size. In the longer term, the excess P from fertilizer maintains high soil P levels, an antecedent condition favourable to P loss from soil to water. This study confirms the significant negative water quality impact of excess P applications, particularly liquid animal slurry applications in wet winter months. The findings suggest that restricted P application in wet months can largely reduce the P losses from soil to water.