Benchmark experiment on slab^(238)U with D-T neutrons for validation of evaluated nuclear data

A benchmark experiment on^(238)U slab samples was conducted using a deuterium-tritium neutron source at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.The leakage neutron spectra within energy levels of 0.8-16 MeV at 60°and 120°were measured using the time-of-flight method.The samples were prepared as rectangular slabs with a 30 cm square base and thicknesses of 3,6,and 9 cm.The leakage neutron spectra were also calculated using the MCNP-4C program based on the latest evaluated files of^(238)U evaluated neutron data from CENDL-3.2,ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0,JENDL-5.0,and JEFF-3.3.Based on the comparison,the deficiencies and improvements in^(238)U evaluated nuclear data were analyzed.The results showed the following.(1)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of elastic scattering at 60°and 120°.(2)The calculated results of CENDL-3.2 overestimated the measurements in the energy interval of inelastic scattering at 120°.(3)The calculated results for CENDL-3.2 significantly overestimated the measurements in the 3-8.5 MeV energy interval at 60°and 120°.(4)The calculated results with JENDL-5.0 were generally consistent with the measurement results.

Comprehensively evaluate the short outcome of small bowel obstruction:A novel medical-economic score system

BACKGROUND Small bowel obstruction(SBO)still imposes a substantial burden on the health care system.Traditional evaluation systems for SBO outcomes only focus on a single element.The comprehensive evaluation of outcomes for patients with SBO remains poorly studied.Early intensive clinical care would effectively improve the short-term outcomes for SBO,however,the full spectrum of the potential risk status regarding the high complication-cost burden is undetermined.AIM We aim to construct a novel system for the evaluation of SBO outcomes and the identification of potential risk status.METHODS Patients who were diagnosed with SBO were enrolled and stratified into the simple SBO(SiBO)group and the strangulated SBO(StBO)group.A principal component(PC)analysis was applied for data simplification and the extraction of patient characteristics,followed by separation of the high PC score group and the low PC score group.We identified independent risk status on admission via a binary logistic regression and then constructed predictive models for worsened management outcomes.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,and the areas under the curve(AUCs)were calculated to assess the effectiveness of the predictive models.RESULTS Of the 281 patients,45 patients(16.0%)were found to have StBO,whereas 236 patients(84.0%)had SiBO.Regarding standardized length of stay(LOS),total hospital cost and the presence of severe adverse events(SAEs),a novel principal component was extracted(PC score=0.429×LOS+0.444×total hospital cost+0.291×SAE).In the multivariate analysis,risk statuses related to poor results for SiBO patients,including a low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(OR=0.656),radiological features of a lack of small bowel feces signs(OR=0.316)and mural thickening(OR=1.338),were identified as risk factors.For the StBO group,higher BUN levels(OR=1.478)and lower lymphocytes levels(OR=0.071)were observed.The AUCs of the predictive models for poor outcomes were 0.715(95%CI:0.635-0.795)and 0.874(95%CI:0.762-0.986)for SiBO and StBO stratification,respectively.CONCLUSION The novel PC indicator provided a comprehensive scoring system for evaluating SBO outcomes on the foundation of complication-cost burden.According to the relative risk factors,early tailored intervention would improve the short-term outcomes.

Google Scholar University Ranking Algorithm to Evaluate the Quality of Institutional Research

Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.

A new method to evaluate integrated production system capacity in oil fields

To improve the design and management of an integrated production system(IPS),a set of mathematical models and workflows are developed for evaluating the capacity of an IPS at steady-state conditions.Combining the conservation laws with applicable multiphase fluid and choke models,these mathematical models are solved to characterize the hydraulics of an integrated system of reservoir,wells,chokes,flowlines,and separator at steady state.The controllable variables such as well count,choke size and separator pressure are adjusted to optimize the performance of the IPs at a specific time.It is found that increasing the well count can increase the bulk flow rate of the production network,but too many wells may increase the manifold pressure,leading to decline of single-well production.Increasing the choke size can improve the capacity of the IPs.The production of the IPs is negatively correlated with the separator pressure.With increasing separator pressure and decreasing choke size,the increment of total fluid production(the capacity of IPS)induced by increasing well count decreases.Validation tests with field examples show a maximum absolute deviation is 1.5%,demonstrating the robustness and validity of the proposed mathematical models and workflows.

“assess”和“evaluate”辨析与翻译

assess和evaluate常作为汉语"评估"的英语对应词出现,但其间区别不甚明了。文章从多本词典的释义入手,结合国内外媒体上出现的正误例句,分析两词作"评估"义解时的区别与联系,阐述产生误用的原因,并提出相应的修正意见,以期达到规范应用的目的。

Patient-reported Outcomes (PROs): An Approach to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy of Chinese Medicine or Integrative Medicine

Chinese medicine (CM) has been an experience based practice over the past three thousand years. The safety and efficacy of CM has been practised through experience, rather than nowadays’ modern scientific measurements. In this way, the development of CM has not been keeping pace with the advance in science and technology and the progress in orthodox medicine. In order to meet the requirements of modern science and technology, an evidence based approach must be adopted. Reassurance is needed to convince people for safety and efficacy of CM and give confidence to the evidence based demands ——“Tradition is confirmed by Modern Science” (1) .

Benchmarking of JEFF-3.2, FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 evaluated data for tungsten with 14.8 MeV neutrons

Integral experiments on tungsten slab samples were carried out on the D-T neutron source facility at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Leakage neutron spectra from the irradiated tungsten target were measured by the time-of-flight technique. Accuracy of the nuclear data for tungsten was examined by comparing the measured neutron spectra with the leakage neutron spectra simulated using the MCNP-4C code with evaluated nuclear data of the JEFF-3.2, FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 libraries. The results show that the calculations with JEFF-3.2 agree well with the measurements in the whole energy range and all angles, whereas the spectra calculated with FENDL-3.0 and TENDL-2014 have some discrepancies with the experimental data.

A New Attempt to Evaluate the Renewable Capacity of A Typical Karst Groundwater System by Using 13C and 14C A Case Study of Karst Groundwater in Pingyi-Feixian County, Shandong Province

Objective The renewable capacity is an important attribute of groundwater resources. Most previous studies have focused on the porous aquifer systems by the measurement and analysis of isotopes deuterium （D）, oxygen-18 （180）, tritium （3H）, and carbon-14 （14C） （Chen Zongyu et al., 2010; Bozdag and Gocmez, 2016）, and few studies have been conducted on karst groundwater systems. The major reason lies in the complexity of groundwater hydrogeological conditions in karst areas, and most of them are open systems. In this study, we selected the Pingyi-Feixian karst groundwater system in Shandong Province, northern China, as a typical study area in an attempt to evaluate the renewable capacity by 14C age and the δ13C mixing model. The spatial characteristics and spatial variability in renewable capacity of karst groundwater were further discussed, providing a reference for the exploitation of karst grotmdwater in the similar region.

China has launched a deep gold prospecting demonstration project to evaluate gold resource potential within 3000 m underground in the east of the North China Craton

On October 18,2018,the China Geological Survey launched a project of the National Key Research and Development Program of China,entitled "Prediction and Deep Exploration Demonstration of Gold Polymetallic Deposits in the Jiaodong and Liaodong Areas within the North China Craton".For this project,Wulong and Baiyun- Xiaotongjiapuyi in Jiaodong,as well as the northern Zhaoping belts of Liaodong,were chosen as ore prospecting demonstration areas (Fig.1).

Assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis:a comparison between old and most recent modalities used to evaluate this perennial problem

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Excellent Diecastings Evaluated at the 5th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

In order to better promote the development of diecasting industry in our country, to boost the application of new diecasting technology and techniques, to improve the competitive power of the diecasting enterprises in our country, to extend the international markets and to improve qualities of diecastings more quickly, the activity of evaluating high quality diecastings was organized by Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society (FICMES) during the period of the 5th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition. The Excellent Diecastings Evaluation Committee was composed of an independent panel of experts in China’s diecasting industry. In accordance with the evaluation rules of impersonality and impartiality, the Evaluation Committee members, at the site of the exhibition, carefully checked each and all evaluation indexes of the diecastings accepted in the activity, deliberately examined the real diecastings, and inquired of the technicians of the companies taking part in the evaluation activity about the production processes, qualities and other information of the diecastings. After discussion again and again, finally, five diecastings were entitled as the excellent diecastings of the 5th China International Diecasting Conference & Exhibition. They are listed as follows: 1. Shell of PC notebook produced by Ka Shui Manufactory Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, material: magnesium alloy AZ91D. 2. Base of mobile telecom transmitter produced by Guangdong Gaoyao G-ACE Casting Technology Co., Ltd, material: ADC12. 3. Flywheel casing (for Renault trucks) produced by Shanghai Cosmopolitan Automobile Accessory Co., Ltd, material: A380. 4. Strainer case (for Japan Isuzu automobiles) produced by Guangdong Wencan Die Casting Co., Ltd, material: ADC12. 5. Intake manifold of six-cylinder diesel engine. produced by Jinan Huicheng Foundry Co., Ltd, material: AlSi9Cu3.

Relationships between femoral strength evaluated by nonlinear finite element analysis and BMD,material distribution and geometric morphology

Precisely quantifying the strength of the proximal femur and accurately assessing hip fracture risk would enable those at high risk to be identified so that preventive interventions could be taken.Development of better measures of femoral strength using the clinically

Coronary arterial bypass graft patency evaluated by multi-detector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

The progression of atherosclerosis of the coronary artery does not stop after coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.……

Chronically Evaluated Highest Instantaneous Priority Next: A Novel Algorithm for Processor Scheduling

This paper proposes a novel chronically evaluated highest instantaneous priority next processor scheduling algorithm. The currently existing algorithms like first come first serve, shortest job first, round-robin, shortest remaining time first, highest response ratio next and varying response ratio priority algorithm have some problems associated with them. Some of them can lead to endless waiting or starvation and some of them like round-robin has problem of too many context switches and high waiting time associated with them. In the proposed algorithm, we have taken care of all such problems. As the novel algorithm is capable of achieving as good results as shortest remaining time first algorithm and also it will never lead to starvation.

Economists Evaluate China's 30 Year Reform

The Guanghua School of Management at Peking Universityorganized a new forum entitled "30 Years of China's Reform:A Review and Outlook" several months ago,inviting many economists such as Cheng Siwei,Wu Jinglian,Li Yining,Mao Yushi,Zhang Weiying,Justin Lin,Fan Gang,Zhou Qiren,Qian Yingyi and Chen Zhiwu to conduct in-depth analysis and discussion on the issues of widespread concern about 30 Years of China's Reform.

Evaluate of transesophageal echocardiography during lung transplantation

Objective To investigate the clinical value of transesophageal echocardiography during the lung transplantation. Methods From August 2005 to August 2009, 19 patients with advanced lung diseases received lung transplantation. The average age was (48. 35 ± 13. 04) years. The echocardiographic probe was placed in patient’ s esophagus before surgery. The left and right

Use of a Land Surface Model to Evaluate the Observed Soil Moisture of Grassland at the Tongyu Reference Site

A land surface model driven by the continuous three-year observed meteorological data with a time interval of 30 minutes at the Tongyu station, a reference site of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period （CEOP）, was used to evaluate the observation bias of soil moisture （SM） data and analyze the variation of SM at different time scales. The saline-alkaline soil of the grassland at the Tongyu site makes the measured SM too high, especially in boreal summer of 2003-05. The simulated annual mean SM has the lowest value in 2004 and its three-year variation corresponds to the change of precipitation, whereas the observation shows the increasing trend from 2003 to 2005. Compared to the variation range between -60% and 40% for the anomaly percentage of the simulated daily mean SM during May-October of 2004, the measured data show the higher values more than 40%. The magnitude of the variation trend of the observed daily mean SM in 2003 and 2005 is generally consistent with the simulation. The largest deficiency for the soil moisture observation of the grassland is the overestimated value in the drought year with less precipitation. The simulated monthly mean SM has the lowest value in March due to the large contribution of evaporation relative to precipitation and this phenomenon can not be reproduced in the observation.

Using Fuzzy Relations and GIS Method to Evaluate Debris Flow Hazard

The study area, located in the southeast of Tibet along the Sichuan-Tibet highway, is a part of Palongzangbu River basin where mountain hazards take place frequently. On the ground of field surveying, historical data and previous research, a total of 31 debris flow gullies are identified in the study area and 5 factors are chosen as main parameters for evaluating the hazard of debris flows in this study. Spatial analyst functions of geographic information system （GIS） are utilized to produce debris flow inventory and parameter maps. All data are built into a spatial database for evaluating debris flow hazard. Integrated with GIS techniques,the fuzzy relation method is used to calculate the strength of relationship between debris flow inventory and parameters of the database. With this methodology,a hazard map of debris flows is produced. According to this map,6.6% of the study area is classified as very high hazard, 7.3% as high hazard,8.4% as moderate hazard,32. 1% as low hazard and 45.6% as very low hazard or non-hazard areas. After validating the results, this methodology is ultimately confirmed to be available.

Methods to Evaluate and Measure Power of Pneumatic System and Their Applications

Pneumatic system has been widely used throughout industry, and it consumes more than billions kW h of electricity one year all over the world. So as to improve the efficiency of pneumatic system, its power evaluation as well as measurement methods should be proposed, and their applicability should be validated. In this paper, firstly, power evaluation and measurement methods of pneumatic system were introduced for the first time. Secondly, based on the proposed methods, power distributions in pneumatic system was analyzed. Thirdly, through the analysis on pneumatic efficiencies of typical compressors and pneumatic components, the applicability of the proposed methods were validated. It can be concluded that, first of all, the proposed methods to evaluation and measurement the power of pneumatic system were efficient. Furthermore, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the air production and cleaning procedure are respectively about 35%–75% and 85%–90%. Moreover, the pneumatic power efficiencies of pneumatic system in the transmission and consumption procedures are about 70%–85% and 10%–35%. And the total pneumatic power efficiency of pneumatic system is about 2%–20%, which varies largely with the system configuration. This paper provides a method to analyze and measure the power of pneumatic system, lay a foundation for the optimization and energy-saving design of pneumatic system.