ISHD:Intelligent Standing Human Detection of Video Surveillance for the Smart Examination Environment

In the environment of smart examination rooms, it is important to quickly and accurately detect abnormal behavior(human standing) for the construction of a smart campus. Based on deep learning, we propose an intelligentstanding human detection (ISHD) method based on an improved single shot multibox detector to detect thetarget of standing human posture in the scene frame of exam room video surveillance at a specific examinationstage. ISHD combines the MobileNet network in a single shot multibox detector network, improves the posturefeature extractor of a standing person, merges prior knowledge, and introduces transfer learning in the trainingstrategy, which greatly reduces the computation amount, improves the detection accuracy, and reduces the trainingdifficulty. The experiment proves that the model proposed in this paper has a better detection ability for the smalland medium-sized standing human body posture in video test scenes on the EMV-2 dataset.

Compliance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination Requests at the Diagnostic Center of the National Social Security Fund of Conakry

Introduction: MRI is a rapidly growing technique with more and more indica-tions and requests in the Republic of Guinea. Its correct prescription is a guar-antee for the satisfaction of the actors, both prescribers, radiologists and pa-tients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the compliance of MRI examination requests at the Diagnostic Center of the National Social Se-curity Fund (CNSS) in Conakry. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of MRI prescription forms sent to the MRI unit of the CNSS Diagnostic Center from February 1 to May 1, 2021. The 8 compliance criteria established by the French High Authority for Health were used to evaluate the compliance of the examination requests. Results: A total of 7003 examination forms were sent to the facility, including 7% (n = 468) of MRIs. 56.2% of MRI requests were performed by specialists. We observed an overall compliance of 10%. Administrative and clinical compliance were missing in 24% and 38%, respectively. More specifically, the purpose of the examination was not mentioned in 60%, followed by the requesting department in 48.1% and the patient’s age in 35.1%. Conclusion: This study allowed us to highlight the gaps in establishing MRI requests. It would be important to organize an awareness campaign for prescribers on the usefulness of correctly filling an MRI request and to design templates to be filled out by prescribers.

Formation of an Original Database and Development of Innovative Deep Learning Algorithms for Detecting Face Impersonation in Online Exams

The issue related to the risk of identity impersonation, where one person can be replaced by another in online exam surveillance systems, poses challenges. This study focuses on the effectiveness of detecting attempts of identity impersonation through face substitution during online exams, with the aim of ensuring the integrity of assessments. The goal is to develop facial recognition algorithms capable of precisely detecting these impersonations, training them on a tailored database rather than biased generic data. An original database of student faces has been created. An algorithm leveraging advanced deep learning techniques such as depthwise separable convolution has been developed and evaluated on this database. We achieved very high levels of precision, reaching an accuracy rate of 98% in face detection and recognition.

Mobile Based Learning and Examination: Students and Instructors Perceptions from Different Arab Countries

The online education market is expanding both globally and locally;Arab countries are paying special attention to the growth of this sector. Reports showed that the e-learning market arrived at $27.1 billion in the year 2009 and is expected to surpass $49.6 billion by the year 2014. This paper presents and surveys the perception of students and instructors regarding mobile learning and mobile examination system in some Arab countries. Many universities in the Arab world are under progress in the implementation of this new technology and many have already implemented it. Strong tools are required to improve e-learning system of education. This research supports the transition of education from conventional methods to m-learning and m-exam systems. The purpose of this research is to study the perception of both instructors and students regarding mobile learning and mobile examination systems. The introduction of such systems to the educational process requires people involved to have basic technical skills and to be aware of the benefits of such systems. Results showed different perspectives from three countries;also showed that online examination systems could be very helpful, but many factors should be considered and they should be implemented carefully to guarantee the successful adoption, fairness and reliability.

A Validation Pilot Study Comparing Telemedicine Images to a Face-to-Face Airway Exam for Conducting the Anesthesia Preoperative Airway Evaluation

Telemedicine is a branch of healthcare that uses communication technology to deliver medical information and services between patients and healthcare providers. The applicability of telemedicine is vast and increasingly relevant. There is a lack of research on utilizing telemedicine for remote evaluation of the airway. The primary aim of this pilot study was to validate a telemedical airway exam as a viable alternative to an in-person evaluation. Three anesthesiologists evaluated 48 volunteers by telemedicine and live examination. The telemedical exam consisted of transmitting still images of four established, predictive parameters of difficult airways: Mallampati score;neck extension;ability to prognath;and thyromental distance. Each subject’s telemedical and face-to-face scores were compared to determine their degree of correlation. Still images were taken using standardized positioning with four pictures of mouth opening, neck extension, prognath, and thyromental distance. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and free-marginal multirater kappa analysis. Average respective scores for live versus telemedicine examination were as follows: Mallampati scores were 1.73 versus 2.54;neck extension scores were 3.77 versus 3.60;thyromental distance (measured in finger breadths) was 2.95 versus 2.92;and prognath scores were 0.97 versus 0.94. There was no difference in grading of thyromental distance or prognathy ability between live and telemedical exams, and interrater reliability was very good for both parameters. This study supports telemedicine as a reliable tool for preoperative anesthesia airway exams to identify airway difficulties. This may be especially useful as an alternative in patients with COVID-19 undergoing urgent surgery.

Discussion and Practice of Exam-oriented Skills in Landscape "Quick Design"

Landscape quick design is an important approach to test students' scheme performance ability,and also a vital issue in current landscape design teaching.The study has discussed methods to improve ability for quick design in short time and employment competition of students of landscape major.By taking landscaping skill competition training in higher vocational schools of Zhejiang Province for example,from the perspective of characteristics of quick design,quick design training has been divided into six modules which are basic quality,schematic design,design theme,plants disposition,drawing effect and exam-oriented strategies;key points of training and exam-oriented strategies of each module have been illustrated at length;and finally five stages of training process have been listed,providing new thought for teaching of landscape quick design.

Reducing Test Anxiety while Increasing Learning Efficiency:by Using Cheat Sheet in the College English Exam

Cheat sheets are so named because they may be used by students without the instructor's knowledge to cheat on a test.Student learning is greatly enhanced by studying prior to an exam.Allowing students to prepare a cheat sheet for the exam helps structure this study time and deepens learning.The crib sheet is well defined:one double-sided page of A4.An award for the best and most creative cheat sheet allows the instructor to appreciate the students' efforts.Using the cheat sheet can not only reduces student anxiety during testing but also incease student learning efficiency.

Toward Developing a Syllabus-Oriented Computer-Based Question-Banks Software to Support Partially Computerized Exams

Aims: This study aims at designing and implementing syllabus-oriented question-bank system that is capable of producing paper-based exams with multiple forms along with answer keys. The developed software tool is named Χ(Chi)-Pro Milestone and supports four types of questions, namely: Multiple-choice, True/False, Short-Answer and Free-Response Essay questions. The study is motivated by the fact that student number in schools and universities is continuously growing at high, non-linear, and uncontrolled rates. This growth, however, is not accompanied by an equivalent growth of educational resources (mainly: instructors, classrooms, and labs). A direct result of this situation is having relatively large number of students in each classroom. It is observed that providing and using online-examining systems could be intractable and expensive. As an alternative, paper-based exams can be used. One main issue is that manually produced paper-based exams are of low quality because of some human factors such as instability and relatively narrow range of topics [1]. Further, it is observed that instructors usually need to spend a lot of time and energy in composing paper-based exams with multiple forms. Therefore, the use of computers for automatic production of paper-based exams from question banks is becoming more and more important. Methodology: The design and evaluation of X-Pro Milestone are done by considering a basic set of design principles that are based on a list of identified Functional and Non-Functional Requirements. Deriving those requirements is made possible by developing X-Pro Milestone using the Iterative and Incremental model from software engineering domain. Results: We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone has a number of excellent characteristics compared to the exam-preparation and question banks tools available in market. Some of these characteristics are: ease of use and operation, user-friendly interface and good usability, high security and protection of the question bank-items, high stability, and reliability. Further, X-Pro Milestone makes initiating, maintaining and archiving Question-Banks and produced exams possible. Putting X-Pro Milestone into real use has showed that X-Pro Milestone is easy to be learned and effectively used. We demonstrate that X-Pro Milestone is a cost-effective alternative to online examining systems with more and richer features and with low infrastructure requirements.

Subtle skills: Using objective structured clinical examinations to assess gastroenterology fellow performance in system based practice milestones

BACKGROUND System based practice(SBP) milestones require trainees to effectively navigate the larger health care system for optimal patient care. In gastroenterology training programs, the assessment of SBP is difficult due to high volume, high acuity inpatient care, as well as inconsistent direct supervision. Nevertheless,structured assessment is required for training programs. We hypothesized that objective structured clinical examination(OSCE) would be an effective tool for assessment of SBP.AIM To develop a novel method for SBP milestone assessment of gastroenterology fellows using the OSCE.METHODS For this observational study, we created 4 OSCE stations: Counseling an impaired colleague, handoff after overnight call, a feeding tube placement discussion, and giving feedback to a medical student on a progress note. Twentysix first year fellows from 7 programs participated. All fellows encountered identical case presentations. Checklists were completed by trained standardized patients who interacted with each fellow participant. A report with individual and composite scores was generated and forwarded to program directors to utilize in formative assessment. Fellows also received immediate feedback from a faculty observer and completed a post-session program evaluation survey.RESULTS Survey response rate was 100%. The average composite score across SBP milestones for all cases were 6.22(SBP1), 4.34(SBP2), 3.35(SBP3), and 6.42(SBP4)out of 9. The lowest composite score was in SBP 3, which asks fellows to advocate for cost effective care. This highest score was in patient care 2, which asks fellows to develop comprehensive management plans. Discrepancies were identified between the fellows’ perceived performance in their self-assessments and Standardized Patient checklist evaluations for each case. Eighty-seven percent of fellows agreed that OSCEs are an important component of their clinical training,and 83% stated that the cases were similar to actual clinical encounters. All participating fellows stated that the immediate feedback was "very useful." One hundred percent of the fellows stated they would incorporate OSCE learning into their clinical practice.CONCLUSION OSCEs may be used for standardized evaluation of SBP milestones. Trainees scored lower on SBP milestones than other more concrete milestones. Training programs should consider OSCEs for assessment of SBP.

暴露分析模拟系统(EXAMS)及其应用

本文介绍了暴露分析模拟系统(EXAMS)的基本内容,并对其在基础研究、化学品环境风险评价及实际水环境中有机污染物研究等方面的应用作了综述。

Novel Solution Based on Face Recognition to Address Identity Theft and Cheating in Online Examination Systems

The main objective of this research is to provide a solution for online exam systems by using face recognition to authenticate learners for attending an online exam. More importantly, the system continuously (with short time intervals), checks for learner identity during the whole exam period to ensure that the learner who started the exam is the same one who continued until the end and prevent the possibility of cheating by looking at adjacent PC or reading from an external paper. The system will issue an early warning to the learners if suspicious behavior has been noticed by the system. The proposed system has been presented to eight e-learning instructors and experts in addition to 32 students to gather feedback and to study the impact and the benefit of such system in e-learning environment.

On College English Final Exams Within a University

This paper discusses the importance of a well-written college English final exam within a university at the end of each semester, the directive function of such an exam, the valuable informative feedback of the detailed scores, the necessity and importance of informing students of the general format of the exam and types of items as early as possible. It also deals with the importance of formative evaluation, the functions of regular scores, problems in retests that test-makers should pay attention to and the different organizations of test-makers.

Speak of Student's Study and Exam

This paper briefly discusses the causes which have led to the present situation ,most of the students study only for the exam itself,regard their grades in the exam as their lifeblood ,and the attitude towards study and exam at all levels of education .

Association of auricular pressing and heart rate variability in pre-exam anxiety students

A total of 30 students scoring between 12 and 20 on the Test Anxiety Scale who had been exhibiting an anxious state 〉 24 hours, and 30 normal control students were recruited. Indices of heart rate variability were recorded using an Actiheart electrocardiogram recorder at 10 minutes before auricular pressing, in the first half of stimulation and in the second half of stimulation. The results revealed that the standard deviation of all normal to normal intervals and the root mean square of standard deviation of normal to normal intervals were significantly increased after stimulation. The heart rate variability triangular index, very-low-frequency power, low-frequency power, and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power were increased to different degrees after stimulation. Compared with normal controls, the root mean square of standard deviation of normal to normal intervals was significantly increased in anxious students following auricular pressing. These results indicated that auricular pressing can elevate heart rate variability, especially the root mean square of standard deviation of normal to normal intervals in students with pre-exam anxiety.

Predictors of Retention and Passing the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses

Using Seidman’s retention formula as a theoretical foundation, this study investigated historical data from a Bachelor of Science (BSN) nursing program to determine whether the admission variables of the preprogram grade point averages (GPA), American College Testing (ACT) scores, anatomy and physiology course grades, and/or the Health Education System Inc. (HESI) Exit Exam scores could predict completing the nursing program, as well as passing the NCLEX-RN. A significant relationship (p < 0.01) was identified between the preprogram GPA, ACT scores, anatomy grades, and the HESI Exit Exam scores with the completion of the BSN program and passing the NCLEX-RN.

Factors Affecting Students’Plans to Take the CPA Examination

Enrollments in accounting programs and the demand for accounting graduates are increasing,but the number of candidates sitting for the CPA exam is decreasing.This study compares characteristics of students at a mid-size regional university who plan to sit for the CPA exam with those who do not.In addition,reasons offered by students for their plans to take or not take the CPA exam are explored.The study finds that a student’s desired career path,as well as their mother’s educational level,is significantly related to their intention to sit for the exam.Career alignment or misalignments were the primary factors shaping a student’s plan to sit for the CPA exam.The proportion of students intending to sit for the CPA exam decreases with class level,and the majority of students intend to work outside of public accounting.This study will be of interest to the profession and public as the decline in CPA examination candidates coincides with a higher than average percentage of CPAs projected to retire in the next three years.

Development and Evaluation of a Competence-BasedExam for Prospective Driving Instructors

According to changed views on driver training and driverintroduced in the Netherlands. The exam consists of two parts： （l）instructor preparation, a competence-based instructor exam wasmultimedia theory tests; （2） a performance lesson for drivinginstruction and coaching. An implicit idea behind the innovated exam is that it can have a positive backwash effect on the quality ofdriver instructor preparation programs. This study aims to evaluate the reliability, validity and fairness of the theoretical tests, whichappear in different versions for successive groups of PDIs （prospective driving instructors）. Data of 4,741 PDIs, enrolled during theperiod between January 2010 and October 2012, were used for analysis. The results of psychometric analyses show that the theory testsyielded reliable and fair decisions about instructor certification. The predictive validity of the theory tests for the final performanceassessment was low. Implications for the design and on-the-fly maintenance of exam item banks are discussed. Follow-up studies willfocus on the question, whether the improved instructor exam produces safer drivers in the end.

Performance on the 2011 Certified Public Accountant （CPA） Examination for Large, Middle, and Small Historically Black Colleges and Universities （HBCUs）

There are over 100 historically black colleges and universities （HBCUs） in the United States. The majority of these HBCUs are located in the southeast section of the United States. HBCUs are a major supplier of certified public accountants （CPAs） to the profession. Therefore, the performance of candidates from HBCUs should be of interest to various constituents including educators, employers, parents, students, and other stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to provide statistical performance on the 2011 CPA examination for large, middle, and small HBCUs based upon the number of testing events taken. Taking a testing event is not the same as passing a testing event. This was the dichotomy between quantity and quality of HBCUs＇ performances. For large HBCUs, Morehouse University, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University （NC A＆T）, and Tennessee State University （TSU） were cited. For middle HBCUs, Albany State University, Norfolk State University （NSU）, and North Carolina Central University （NCCU） were cited. For small HBCUs, Alcorn State University, Fisk University, and University of Maryland Eastern Shore （UMES） were cited. The dichotomy between quantity and quality is real.

A Comparison between Adult Higher Education and Higher Education＇s Self-study Exam

Adult higher education and higher education＇ s self-study exam are parts of the continuing education system, and also very important parts of the education system in China. Now, in addition to the ordinary full-time higher education, these two education systems are important for the education system in China, and also are important ways for people to learn knowledge and get a diploma. However, a great number of students raise many questions about the difference between the two systems, and feel highly confused about choosing adult higher education or higher education＇ s self-study exam currently. In this paper, the similarities and differences between adult higher education and higher education ＇ s self-study exam are discussed, so that a good choice is easily made by students before one of them is applied.

Design and Implementation of Speaking English Exam System Based on C/S

This paper analyzes current status of teachers＇ speaking test, applies presently mature C/S system structure and oilers a network way for teachers＇ speaking exam. We provide the whole process of design and development in online speaking exam, illustrate several functional designs including item bank construction, auto-generating examination paper and test paper analysis and discuss various network programming development technology during teachers＇ speaking network examination intensively. Directed by software engineering theory, the system is finally designed and realized through feasible research, requirement analysis, general design, detailed design, and tests with popular system development language and powerful database management.