THE Chinese Government announced in early 2012 that the coun- try would continue implementing the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy to support a steady and relatively fast economic growth. On August ...THE Chinese Government announced in early 2012 that the coun- try would continue implementing the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy to support a steady and relatively fast economic growth. On August 2, the People＇s Bank of China, Chinas central bank, released the Report on the Implementation of Monetary Policies in Q2 2012, showing the policies＇ effectiveness.展开更多
In 2007, the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth, optimized structure, increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people.
The fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foil remains a challenge for industrial-scale applications. To achieve the fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene, unde...The fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foil remains a challenge for industrial-scale applications. To achieve the fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene, understanding the detailed dynamics governing the entire growth process--including nucleation, growth, and coalescence is important; however, these remain unexplored. In this study, by using a pulsed carbon isotope labeling technique in conjunction with micro-Raman spectroscopy identification, we visualized the growth dynamics, such as nucleation, growth, and coalescence, during the fast growth of large single- crystalline graphene domains. By tuning the supply of the carbon source, a growth rate of 320 μm/min and the growth of centimeter-sized graphene single crystals were achieved on Cu foil.展开更多
Graphene on dielectric substrates is essential for its electronic applications. Graphene is typically synthesized on the surface of metal and then transferred to an appropriate substrate for fabricating device applica...Graphene on dielectric substrates is essential for its electronic applications. Graphene is typically synthesized on the surface of metal and then transferred to an appropriate substrate for fabricating device applications. This post growth transfer process is detrimental to the quality and performance of the as-grown graphene. Therefore, direct growth of graphene films on dielectric substrates without any transfer process is highly desirable. However, fast growth of graphene on dielectric substrates remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a transfer-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to directly grow graphene films on dielectric substrates at fast growth rate using Cu as floating catalyst. A large area (centimeter level) graphene can be grown within 15 min using this CVD method, which is increased by 500 times compared to other direct CVD growth on dielectric substrate in the literatures. This research presents a significant progress in transfer-free growth of graphene and graphene device applications.展开更多
In 2007,the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth,optimized structure,increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people. According to preliminary estimation,t...In 2007,the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth,optimized structure,increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people. According to preliminary estimation,the gross domestic product (GDP)for the year was 24,661.9 billion yuan,up by 11.4 percent,or 0.3 percentage point higher than that in the previous year,represent-展开更多
Two hundred and eighty-eight Wulong geese of fast-growth lines were selected to be fattened respectively in netting bed, then divided into eight groups with three replications in each group. The diets contained differ...Two hundred and eighty-eight Wulong geese of fast-growth lines were selected to be fattened respectively in netting bed, then divided into eight groups with three replications in each group. The diets contained different contents of Ca and P to determine the best level for the early growth of Wulong goose. The result suggested that, during the early period, the proportion of Ca and NPP (non-Phytate Phosnhorus) had significant influence on its growth (P < 0.05), when the dietary level of Ca was 0.65% and NPP was 0.30% (the proportion of Ca and NPP was 2.17:1), the liveweight gain was higher, so were the eviscerated ratio and eviscerated weight with giblet ratio, feed/gain(F/G) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity at four weeks were lower. The Wulong goose grew well at the proportion between 1.88 : 1 and 2.50 : 1, and grew worst at 1.38 : 1.展开更多
The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four ga...The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four gastropods species( Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensis and Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group(1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype(transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosa with wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpio favored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosa and thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species( P. sinensis and A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auricularia rather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensis and A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpio show similar selectivity of predation on the size-and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have lesser environmental impacts than non-transgenic carp.展开更多
The AhDREB1 gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis L., was transferred into black locust （Robiniapseudoacacia L.） by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results suggest that stems of black locust sub-culture...The AhDREB1 gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis L., was transferred into black locust （Robiniapseudoacacia L.） by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results suggest that stems of black locust sub-cultured in vitro for 20 d are suitable for genetic transformation. The optimum concentrations of kanamycin and cefotaxime were 30 and 150 mg.L-1, respectively. Important factors affecting the transformation efficiency were studied by means of a L9（3^4） orthogonal design. An effective system for genetic transformation in black locust was developed as follows： the stems were pre-cultured for 2 d, immersed in the Agrobacterium solution （OD600 = 0.7） with 10 mg·L^-1 acetosyringone for 21 min and then co-cultured for 2 d. The selection pressures, changing from low to high, could improve transformation efficiency. The transgenic plants were identified by a PCR method. The PCR results indicated that the AhDREB1 gene had been integrated into the genome of black locust and two lines of the transgenic plants were obtained.展开更多
Carbon source precursor is a critical factor governing chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene films.Methane(CH4),has been the most commonly used precursor in the last decade,but it presents challenges in terms o...Carbon source precursor is a critical factor governing chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene films.Methane(CH4),has been the most commonly used precursor in the last decade,but it presents challenges in terms of decomposition efficiency and growth rate.Here we thoroughly evaluated acetylene(C2H_(2)),a precursor that is probably for providing carbon dimer(C2)species,for fast growth of large-scale graphene films.We find that the graphene growth behaviors fueled by C2H_(2) exhibit unconventional localized growth behavior with significant advantages in terms of high growth rate,which mainly ascribe to the as-decomposed C2 species.Therefore,a C2-fueled scanning growth strategy is proposed,and the fast scanning growth rate of 40 cm/min was experimentally demonstrated.This growth strategy is compatible with the approach of unidirectional growth of single-crystal graphene films,and the as-grown graphene films are of high-quality.This work demonstrates a reliable and promising strategy for the rapid synthesis of high-quality graphene film and may pave the avenue to cost-effective mass production of graphene materials in the roll-to-roll system.展开更多
It is generally reported that the grain growth in high-entropy ceramics at high temperatures is relatively slower than that in the corresponding single-component ceramics owing to the so-called sluggish diffusion effe...It is generally reported that the grain growth in high-entropy ceramics at high temperatures is relatively slower than that in the corresponding single-component ceramics owing to the so-called sluggish diffusion effect.In this study,we report a fast grain growth phenomenon in the high-entropy ceramics(La_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2)Gd_(0.2))MgAl_(11)O_(19)(HEMA)prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method.The results demonstrate that the grain sizes of the as-sintered HEMA ceramics are larger than those of the corresponding five single-component ceramics prepared by the same pressureless sintering process,and the grain growth rate of HEMA ceramics is obviously higher than those of the five single-component ceramics during the subsequent heat treatment.Such fast grain growth phenomenon indicates that the sluggish diffusion effect cannot dominate the grain growth behavior of the current high-entropy ceramics.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis reveals that there are more oxygen vacancies(OV)in the high-entropy ceramics than those in the single-component ceramics owing to the variable valance states of Eu ion.The high-temperature electrical conductivities of the HEMA ceramics support this analysis.It is considered that the high concentration of OV and its high mobility in HEMA ceramics contribute to the accelerated migration and diffusion of cations and consequently increase the grain growth rate.Based on this study,it is believed that multiple intrinsic factors for the high-entropy ceramic system will simultaneously determine the grain growth behavior at high temperatures.展开更多
文摘THE Chinese Government announced in early 2012 that the coun- try would continue implementing the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy to support a steady and relatively fast economic growth. On August 2, the People＇s Bank of China, Chinas central bank, released the Report on the Implementation of Monetary Policies in Q2 2012, showing the policies＇ effectiveness.
文摘In 2007, the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth, optimized structure, increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people.
文摘The fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foil remains a challenge for industrial-scale applications. To achieve the fast growth of large single-crystalline graphene, understanding the detailed dynamics governing the entire growth process--including nucleation, growth, and coalescence is important; however, these remain unexplored. In this study, by using a pulsed carbon isotope labeling technique in conjunction with micro-Raman spectroscopy identification, we visualized the growth dynamics, such as nucleation, growth, and coalescence, during the fast growth of large single- crystalline graphene domains. By tuning the supply of the carbon source, a growth rate of 320 μm/min and the growth of centimeter-sized graphene single crystals were achieved on Cu foil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61390502, 51502059, 61172001, 21373068)the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB632900)+3 种基金the Foundational Research Funds for the Central Universities (HIT. NSRIF.201641)Self-Planned Task (SKLRS201509B) of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2015M570285)Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (LBH-Z15053)
文摘Graphene on dielectric substrates is essential for its electronic applications. Graphene is typically synthesized on the surface of metal and then transferred to an appropriate substrate for fabricating device applications. This post growth transfer process is detrimental to the quality and performance of the as-grown graphene. Therefore, direct growth of graphene films on dielectric substrates without any transfer process is highly desirable. However, fast growth of graphene on dielectric substrates remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate a transfer-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method to directly grow graphene films on dielectric substrates at fast growth rate using Cu as floating catalyst. A large area (centimeter level) graphene can be grown within 15 min using this CVD method, which is increased by 500 times compared to other direct CVD growth on dielectric substrate in the literatures. This research presents a significant progress in transfer-free growth of graphene and graphene device applications.
文摘In 2007,the national economy kept steady and fast growth with the features of rapid economic growth,optimized structure,increased efficiency and improved livelihood of the people. According to preliminary estimation,the gross domestic product (GDP)for the year was 24,661.9 billion yuan,up by 11.4 percent,or 0.3 percentage point higher than that in the previous year,represent-
文摘Two hundred and eighty-eight Wulong geese of fast-growth lines were selected to be fattened respectively in netting bed, then divided into eight groups with three replications in each group. The diets contained different contents of Ca and P to determine the best level for the early growth of Wulong goose. The result suggested that, during the early period, the proportion of Ca and NPP (non-Phytate Phosnhorus) had significant influence on its growth (P < 0.05), when the dietary level of Ca was 0.65% and NPP was 0.30% (the proportion of Ca and NPP was 2.17:1), the liveweight gain was higher, so were the eviscerated ratio and eviscerated weight with giblet ratio, feed/gain(F/G) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity at four weeks were lower. The Wulong goose grew well at the proportion between 1.88 : 1 and 2.50 : 1, and grew worst at 1.38 : 1.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31200423,30970553)the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector(Agriculture)(No.201203081)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2015BAD13B02)
文摘The present study preliminarily examined the differences in maximum handling size, prey size and species selectivity of growth hormone transgenic and non-transgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio when foraging on four gastropods species( Bellamya aeruginosa, Radix auricularia, Parafossarulus sinensis and Alocinma longicornis) under laboratory conditions. In the maximum handling size trial, five fish from each age group(1-year-old and 2-year-old) and each genotype(transgenic and non-transgenic) of common carp were individually allowed to feed on B. aeruginosa with wide shell height range. The results showed that maximum handling size increased linearly with fish length, and there was no significant difference in maximum handling size between the two genotypes. In the size selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on three size groups of B. aeruginosa. The results show that the two genotypes of C. carpio favored the small-sized group over the large-sized group. In the species selection trial, three pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on thin-shelled B. aeruginosa and thick-shelled R. auricularia, and five pairs of 2-year-old transgenic and non-transgenic carp were individually allowed to feed on two gastropods species( P. sinensis and A. longicornis) with similar size and shell strength. The results showed that both genotypes preferred thin-shelled Radix auricularia rather than thick-shelled B. aeruginosa, but there were no significant difference in selectivity between the two genotypes when fed on P. sinensis and A. longicornis. The present study indicates that transgenic and non-transgenic C. carpio show similar selectivity of predation on the size-and species-limited gastropods. While this information may be useful for assessing the environmental risk of transgenic carp, it does not necessarily demonstrate that transgenic common carp might have lesser environmental impacts than non-transgenic carp.
基金supported by the Key Extended Project of State Forestry Administration, China (Grant No. 2003-5-2).
文摘The AhDREB1 gene, cloned from Atriplex hortensis L., was transferred into black locust （Robiniapseudoacacia L.） by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results suggest that stems of black locust sub-cultured in vitro for 20 d are suitable for genetic transformation. The optimum concentrations of kanamycin and cefotaxime were 30 and 150 mg.L-1, respectively. Important factors affecting the transformation efficiency were studied by means of a L9（3^4） orthogonal design. An effective system for genetic transformation in black locust was developed as follows： the stems were pre-cultured for 2 d, immersed in the Agrobacterium solution （OD600 = 0.7） with 10 mg·L^-1 acetosyringone for 21 min and then co-cultured for 2 d. The selection pressures, changing from low to high, could improve transformation efficiency. The transgenic plants were identified by a PCR method. The PCR results indicated that the AhDREB1 gene had been integrated into the genome of black locust and two lines of the transgenic plants were obtained.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2188101)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science(No.BNLMS-CXTD-202001).
文摘Carbon source precursor is a critical factor governing chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene films.Methane(CH4),has been the most commonly used precursor in the last decade,but it presents challenges in terms of decomposition efficiency and growth rate.Here we thoroughly evaluated acetylene(C2H_(2)),a precursor that is probably for providing carbon dimer(C2)species,for fast growth of large-scale graphene films.We find that the graphene growth behaviors fueled by C2H_(2) exhibit unconventional localized growth behavior with significant advantages in terms of high growth rate,which mainly ascribe to the as-decomposed C2 species.Therefore,a C2-fueled scanning growth strategy is proposed,and the fast scanning growth rate of 40 cm/min was experimentally demonstrated.This growth strategy is compatible with the approach of unidirectional growth of single-crystal graphene films,and the as-grown graphene films are of high-quality.This work demonstrates a reliable and promising strategy for the rapid synthesis of high-quality graphene film and may pave the avenue to cost-effective mass production of graphene materials in the roll-to-roll system.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52032001 and 52211540004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2232021A-01).
文摘It is generally reported that the grain growth in high-entropy ceramics at high temperatures is relatively slower than that in the corresponding single-component ceramics owing to the so-called sluggish diffusion effect.In this study,we report a fast grain growth phenomenon in the high-entropy ceramics(La_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Eu_(0.2)Gd_(0.2))MgAl_(11)O_(19)(HEMA)prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method.The results demonstrate that the grain sizes of the as-sintered HEMA ceramics are larger than those of the corresponding five single-component ceramics prepared by the same pressureless sintering process,and the grain growth rate of HEMA ceramics is obviously higher than those of the five single-component ceramics during the subsequent heat treatment.Such fast grain growth phenomenon indicates that the sluggish diffusion effect cannot dominate the grain growth behavior of the current high-entropy ceramics.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis reveals that there are more oxygen vacancies(OV)in the high-entropy ceramics than those in the single-component ceramics owing to the variable valance states of Eu ion.The high-temperature electrical conductivities of the HEMA ceramics support this analysis.It is considered that the high concentration of OV and its high mobility in HEMA ceramics contribute to the accelerated migration and diffusion of cations and consequently increase the grain growth rate.Based on this study,it is believed that multiple intrinsic factors for the high-entropy ceramic system will simultaneously determine the grain growth behavior at high temperatures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51832007,52220105010)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020ZD35)Qilu Young Scholars Program of Shandong University。
