Inorganic Elemental Determinations of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Jiaozhou Bay:The construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint Based on Chemometric Analysis

The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha,which is a commonly used marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for the treatment of asthma and scald burns.For that,the inorganic elemental contents of Meretricis concha from five sampling points in Jiaozhou Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,and the comparative investigations based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al,As,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Se and Zn) of the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and the previous reported Rushan Bay were performed.It has been found that the samples from the two bays are approximately classified into two kinds using hierarchical cluster analysis,and a four-factor model based on principle component analysis could explain approximately 75% of the detection data,also linear discriminant analysis can be used to develop a prediction model to distinguish the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and Rushan Bay with accuracy of about 93%.The results of the present investigation suggested that the inorganic elemental fingerprint based on the combination of the measured elemental content and chemometric analysis is a promising approach for verifying the geographical origin of Meretricis concha,and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Rushan Bay

Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Study on Elemental Fingerprint of Traditional Marine Chinese Medicine Oysters from Jiaozhou Bay,China

In order to investigate the relationship between the trace elements and the characteristics of the oysters, we analyzed the trace elements present in the germplasm of oysters from different producing areas in the Jiaozhou Bay. The element fingerprints were established to reflect the elemental characteristics of the oysters. Concentration patterns of the elements were deciphered by principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The six regions were discriminated with accuracy using HCA and PCA based on the concentration of 16 trace elements. The elements were viewed as characteristic elements of the oysters and the fingerprints of these elements could be used to distinguish the quality of the oysters.

A preliminary study on fingerprinting approach in marine sediment dynamics with the rare earth elements

Locating the quantitized natural sediment fingerprints is an important work for marine sediment dynamics study.The total of 146 sediment samples were collected from the Shelf of the East China Sea and five rivers,including Huanghe （Yellow）,Changjiang （Yangtze）,Qiantang,Ou and Min River.The sediment grain size and the contents of rare earth elements （REEs） were measured with laser particle size analyzer and ICP-MS technology.The results show that absolute REE content （ΣREE） and the concentration ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs （L/HREE） are different in the sediments among those rivers.There are higher REE contents in being less than 2 m and 2–31 μm fractions in the Changjiang Estuary surface sediments.The REE contents of bulk sediment are dominated by the corresponding values of those leading size-fractions.REE of sediment is higher close to the estuaries and declines seaward on the inner shelf of the East China Sea （ECS）.The L/HREE ratio has a tendency of increase southward from 28 ？ N.Hydrodynamic conditions plays a predominate role on spacial distributions of the surficial sediment’s REE parameters.In some situations,the currents tend to remove the coarser light grains from initial populations,as well as the deposit of the finer heavy mineral grains.In other situations,the currents will change the ratio of sediment constituents,such as ratio between silts and clays in the sediments.As a result,the various values of REE or L/HREE ratio in different bulk sediments are more affected by the change of size-fractions than source location.Under the long-term stable hydrodynamic environment,i.e.,the East China Sea Shelf,new sediment transport model based on the size and density gradation concept may help to understand the spatial distribution patterns of REE parameters.

Characterization of mineral element fingerprints under soilcrop systems in eastern and western rice-producing areas of Jilin Province,China

To assess the indicative function of the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements for small agricultural producing areas,20 sets of soil surface samples and corresponding rice samples were collected from Songyuan and Hunchun of Jilin Province,China.Forty-six mineral elements of brown rice,soil,and rice husk were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Ten characteristic elements(Li,Ag,Y,Bi,U,Eu,Er,Rb,Mo and As)were identified via multivariate statistics(Variance importance value analysis and rank sum test in SPSS and SIMCA software packages).The correlation of mineral elements in brown rice,soil,and rice husks of the two sample areas was analyzed and regression analysis models of characteristic mineral elements in brown rice were developed.The results indicate that a correlation exists among brown rice,soil,and rice husks in the same area,and the correlation tests using selected elements showed that all correlation coefficients were 0.65 or above.Differences in brown rice were found between different regions.Consequently,brown rice producing areas can be distinguished by the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements.

用矿物元素指纹识别中华绒螯蟹产地及其养殖水体

分析测定体质量为180~200 g左右、产自阳澄湖湖区(YCL)、阳澄湖周边池塘(YCP)、洪泽湖(HZL)、高邮湖(GYL)、固城湖(GCL)湖区的雄性中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)体内Ca、Mg、K、Na、Sr和Fe等35种元素的含量,以开发中华绒螯蟹产地及其养殖水体的识别技术。结果表明,32种元素组间差异显著(P<0.05)。基于35种元素对中华绒螯蟹来源进行判别分析,10种元素进入判别模型,测试集和交叉验证判别准确率分别为98.3%和98.3%,仅有11.1%的HZL蟹被判入地理距离较近的GYL。剔除Ca、Mg、K、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu这8种在中华绒螯蟹养殖过程中人为输入量较大的元素再行判别分析,则6种元素进入判别模型,测试集和交叉验证判别准确率分别为100.0%和96.7%,仍有11.1%的HZL蟹被判入GYL,还有11.1%的GCL蟹被判入GYL。上述结果表明,采用矿物元素指纹识别中华绒螯蟹产地和养殖水体具有较高的准确率,养殖过程中人为输入量较大的元素对中华绒螯蟹产地与养殖水体的识别无不利影响。

泌乳期对德州驴乳和血液中矿物质元素含量的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳期对德州驴乳和血液中的矿物质元素含量的影响,选取年龄、体重和预产期相近的9头德州驴,在不同泌乳期采集驴乳和静脉血液样品,采用微波消解前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定样品中的常量元素K、Ca、Na、Mg和P,微量元素Zn、Mn、Ni、Se、Sr、Cu、Sb、Cr、Cd、Fe、Li、V、Co和Ba,以及重金属元素As、Pb和Hg的含量;采用Pearson法分析矿物质元素之间的相关性,并绘制驴乳和血液中矿物质元素的指纹图谱。结果表明:随着泌乳期的延长,驴乳中矿物质元素含量逐渐降低,差异显著(P<0.05);血液中各元素含量变化不大(P>0.05),在驴乳和血液中各元素均在初乳期含量最高,常量元素K、P和微量元素Sr、Fe的含量要高于同期同类型其他元素。说明该试验建立的ICP-MS法可以实现驴乳和血液中22种矿物质元素的高通量快速测定,泌乳期对驴乳中矿物质元素影响显著,对驴血液中矿物质元素影响不明显,各元素相关关系研究和指纹图谱的建立可为幼驴饲养和驴乳制品的快速溯源提供理论参考。

基于矿物质元素指纹分析技术的浦城大米产地溯源研究

通过分析浦城大米、江西地区大米、湖北地区大米、湖南地区大米和福建地区(除浦城以外)大米中25种矿物质元素质量分数特征,筛选出14种差异显著的矿物质元素,并比较主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对矿物质元素的降维效果,发现经过PCA降维后的线性判别分析(LDA)结果优于OPLS-DA,进而建立了“差异分析+主成分分析+判别分析”的浦城大米产地溯源模型,筛选出钒(V)、钴(Co)、砷(As)、铷(Rb)、银(Ag)、铯(Cs)等6种特征矿物质元素,判别模型回代检验的整体正确判别率为98.1%,交叉检验的整体正确判别率为97.1%。该模型能准确识别浦城大米,为浦城大米的产地溯源和质量控制提供了参考。

宿州产香茶菜无机元素指纹图谱研究及安全性评价

目的建立香茶菜中19种无机元素的指纹图谱,并对其中5种进行安全性评价。方法收集宿州产13批香茶菜样品,以微波消解法进行前处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法建立19种无机元素的指纹图谱。采用主成分分析法对样品进行质量评价,采用单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数法对其中砷,镉,汞,铅,铜元素进行安全性评价。结果钠、铝、铁,硼、钛、锰、铜、锌、钡,铬、镍、钼、铅,砷、镉、汞,镁,钾、钙质量浓度分别在0~5000 ng/mL、0~500 ng/mL、0~50 ng/mL、0~10 ng/mL及0~50μg/mL、0~200μg/mL范围内与各元素仪器响应值线性关系良好(r>0.9900),检测限为0.0003~0.300 ng/mL;精密度、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于5.0%;平均加样回收率为92.46%~102.26%,RSD为1.06%~3.19%(n=6)。13批样品中无机元素指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.920,主成分1-7的累积方差贡献率达92.871%。5种元素的污染情况均较轻微。结论13批宿州产香茶菜样品中前述5种元素的整体潜在风险较低。

石楠藤无机元素指纹图谱的建立及相关性分析

目的:分析江西不同产地石楠藤的20种无机元素含量,绘制石楠藤无机元素指纹图谱,为石楠藤质量评价提供基础数据。方法:以采自江西省新余市、宜春市上高县、新余市分宜县、宜春市高安市、宜春市三阳县的石楠藤样品为实验材料,采用微波消解-ICP-OES/MS法测定分析Li、Be、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga、Sr、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Bi、Mg、K、Fe、Mn、Ca元素含量,绘制无机元素指纹图谱,并进行相关性分析。结果:石楠藤中含有大量的无机元素,其中Ca含量最高,平均值达8872.893 mg/kg;其次是Mg,平均值7982.388 mg/kg;含量最低的是Be,为0.015~0.031 mg/kg。不同产地无机元素含量有较大差别,但Ca、Ti、Be、V、Li、Co、Ga的含量较为平均。根据无机元素的含量,绘制石楠藤无机元素指纹图谱,并进行相关性分析。结果显示,有4对元素显示显著正相关,10对元素显示显著负相关,1对元素显示极显著负相关。结论:石楠藤中无机元素含量丰富,无机元素指纹图谱可用于鉴别石楠藤,结果可为石楠藤的质量控制和安全使用提供参考依据。

基于矿物元素指纹图谱鉴定陈皮产地的方法研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了新会、广西、湖南3地42批陈皮样品中51种矿物元素的含量,运用方差分析和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)研究了不同产地陈皮中矿物元素的差别,以筛选得到的9种元素为溯源指标,将不同数量级矿物元素含量进行分类和系数缩放后,构建了陈皮中矿物元素的指纹图谱,并基于各产地矿物元素含量的平均值构建了新会、广西、湖南产地陈皮中矿物元素的标准指纹图谱。通过采用SPSS20.0计算18批新会陈皮矿物元素指纹图谱与其标准指纹图谱的相似度,确定新会陈皮矿物元素指纹图谱的相似度阈值为0.941,基于此阈值建立了新会陈皮的鉴别模型。采用24批样品对所建立的鉴别模型进行准确性验证,正确率为91.6%。该方法操作简单直观,满足实验分析要求,可为陈皮的产地溯源提供参考。

A Novel Adaptive Approach to Process Binary Fingerprint Images Using Directional Morphological Operations

An adaptive algorithm for removing false ridges, bridges and filling gaps in binary fingerprint images based on morphological operations is presented. A novel procedure for structuring elements design based on the specific fingerprint characteristic is described. Using the images from FVC2000 database, we have compared our method proposed here with the approach proposed by other ones. The Experimental results have demonstrated the efficiency of our method.

黑茶产地溯源技术研究进展

产地是黑茶的一个重要属性,产地溯源技术不仅可以保障消费者权益,同时也为维护黑茶产品贸易公平提供有效的技术支撑。本文综合分析了近十余年国内外黑茶产地溯源技术,并对有机成分、化学元素、光谱指纹三大类溯源技术的优缺点进行了比较;在此基础上,提出了当前黑茶产地溯源技术存在的问题及今后的发展方向,以期为黑茶产地溯源技术的进一步发展提供参考。

基于多元分类判别方法对普洱生茶进行产地溯源研究

目的探究多元分类判别方法对普洱茶产地溯源的有效性与可行性。方法基于云南5个产地的60份普洱茶生茶样本,利用5种有机成分以及36种矿物元素的含量,结合主成分分析、判别分析和多层感知器分析等多元分类方法构建普洱茶产地溯源模型。结果普洱茶(生茶)中总计33项指标具有与产地的显著相关性。不同产地的普洱茶样本在主成分上有差异,但分类的准确性较低。通过判别分析得到了普洱茶产地溯源的判别函数和组质心函数,该样本溯源正确率高于98%。通过多层感知器分析,该方法的分类正确率最高,生茶样本的训练集和测试集分类正确率分别为100.0%和95.5%。结论普洱茶中有机成分与矿物元素受环境因素影响,在各自产地间形成各自的指纹特征,多维组合可用于建立普洱茶产地溯源模型,为普洱茶产地追溯提供一定的方法支持。

羊肉的产地溯源和鉴别技术研究进展

随着羊肉消费量不断增加和相关食品安全问题频现,对羊肉溯源和掺假鉴别技术的需求已经成为当前社会的关注热点之一。目前,对于羊肉的溯源和鉴别已有相应研究,稳定同位素技术、矿物质元素指纹图谱、近红外光谱、DNA分子标记溯源技术、基于脂肪酸的溯源和鉴别技术、基于风味化合物的产地溯源和鉴别技术等在溯源和鉴别研究中得到了大量应用。但在这些技术不断发展的同时,也暴露出了一些亟待解决的问题。本文基于当前羊肉溯源和鉴别技术的相关研究资料和文献,对相应技术的优缺点进行总结和讨论,分析目前技术研究中存在的问题,并提出相应的建议和解决方法,以期为羊肉溯源和鉴别的进一步研究提供理论支持。

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定黄精中15种稀土元素及其指纹图谱绘制

为了准确测定黄精中稀土元素的含量,采用微波消解法处理黄精样品后,通过在线引入内标溶液,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定黄精中15种稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)的含量,15种稀土元素的线性关系、精密度良好,平均加标回收率在97.0%~103%,相对标准偏差不大于1.7%。采用OriginPro 2021绘制稀土元素指纹图谱和进行主成分分析,以稀土元素含量的平均值构建黄精稀土元素标准指纹图谱,作为鉴定黄精中药材的参考依据;采用SPSS 26.0进行聚类分析。聚类分析结果表明,当平方欧式距离为10时,浙江产地样品(S5~S8)聚为一类,其余的聚为一类,与主成分分析结果一致。黄精药材中15种稀土元素的指纹图谱具有相似的分布形态,具有较强的特征性和一致性,相似度均大于0.950。黄精中Ce、La、Nd含量相对较高,其中Ce含量最高为53.0~2005μg/kg。方法操作简单,准确可靠,能满足实验分析要求,可为黄精的质量控制和药理研究提供参考,建立的指纹图谱可用于黄精的鉴别。

Genetic Diversity Analysis on Rep-PCR Genomic Fingerprinting and 16S rDNA Sequences of Desulfurization Bacteria

In order to reduce deleterious effect on environment,human health and facilities caused by original sulfides, more attention should be paid to biodesulfurization studying for fossil fuels. In this work, eight isolates were characterized by several DNA-based methods such as BOX element polymerase chain reaction( BOX-PCR), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus( ERIC)-PCR and random amplification of polymorphic DNA( RAPD)-PCR. The desulfurization performance was determined by micro-coulometric method,Gibb's assay and barium sulfate test. It was found out that ERIC-PCR displays a much higher inter-strain heterogeneity compared with using BOX. The length of the primer didnot play the most important role in bacterial classification. The combination of the analysis of repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction ngerprinting and 16 S r DNA was able to provide more effective way in the separation and identification of bacteria.According to the analysis of 16 S r DNA,the more efficient desulfurization strain should belong to Klebsiella variicola.

甘草中无机元素的测定及健康风险评估研究

目的:测定甘草中28个无机元素含量,寻找不同元素间的相关性及不同产地间的差异性,同时对重金属及有害元素进行健康风险评估。方法:采用微波消解法处理样品,利用ICP-MS法和原子荧光法测定甘草中28个无机元素的含量,建立无机元素叠加图谱,利用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)等化学计量学方法分析不同产地甘草间无机元素的差异及无机元素间的相关性,计算重金属元素每日最大可耐受量(EDI)、靶标危害系数(THQ)和致癌风险(CR),进行健康风险评估。结果:甘草中不同元素间存在一定的相关性,不同产地甘草的无机元素含量存在显著差异,EDI、THQ、CR结果显示30批甘草样品中重金属及有害元素未对暴露人群产生明显的健康风险。结论:无机元素可作为区分不同产地甘草的重要依据,甘草中的无机元素含量呈现出一定的规律性和相关性,该研究建立的方法可为甘草质量评价体系建立及临床用药安全性研究提供参考。

渤、黄海大泷六线鱼耳石微化学特征与群体判别

为探究中国近海大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)耳石微化学成分特征及群体分化状况,采集了连云港、青岛、威海、烟台、秦皇岛、大连、丹东7个野生群体和1个威海养殖群体的大泷六线鱼样本。利用LA-ICPMS技术测定耳石中的微量元素,以微量元素与钙的比值进行了分析,结果显示大泷六线鱼耳石中,Na/Ca、Sr/Ca、Fe/Ca、Mg/Ca较高,而Mn/Ca、Ba/Ca、Zn/Ca、Li/Ca较低。耳石1龄前元素比值的组间比较(S-N-K检验)结果显示:Na/Ca、Sr/Ca、Fe/Ca在群体间具显著性差异(P<0.05)。耳石边缘区元素与环境中元素比较发现,Li、Mn元素在耳石中富集程度较大,Sr在耳石的中元素含量远远大于水环境中的浓度,说明耳石中的元素沉积与海水中元素并不是简单的线性关系。判别分析结果显示:耳石1龄前元素指纹的判别分析结果表明,大泷六线鱼群体的判别成功率为63.0%,判别正确范围为30.0%~80.0%,耳石边缘区元素的判别正确率为57.1%,判别正确范围20.0%~80.0%,秦皇岛群体有高的判别成功率80.0%。耳石元素指纹可以用于不同大泷六线鱼群体的判别研究。

基于矿质元素指纹分析技术的烟叶产区判别

目的:探讨应用矿质元素指纹分析技术进行烟叶产区判别的可行性,筛选出可判别烟叶产区的有效指标,构建烟叶产区判别模型。方法:利用电感耦合等离子体—质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定11个产地烟叶20种矿质元素含量,并对数据进行方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析及判别分析。结果:16种元素含量在产地间差异显著,主成分分析得到6个主成分,其累计方差贡献率超过89%;应用逐步判别筛选出K、Mn、Se及Ba 4种元素指标,建立了西南烟区和长江中上游烟区的烟叶产区判别模型,该模型可对烟叶产区进行准确判别。结论:不同产地烟叶矿质元素含量差异显著,K、Mn、Se及Ba 4种元素是烟叶产区判别的重要指标,矿质元素指纹分析技术可用于烟叶产区判别。