Construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Rushan Bay

Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Inorganic Elemental Determinations of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Jiaozhou Bay:The construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint Based on Chemometric Analysis

The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification ofMeretricis concha, which is a commonly used marine traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for the treatment of asthma and scald bums. For that, the inorganic elemental contents ofMeretricis concha from five sampling points in Jiaozhou Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and the comparative investigations based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements （A1, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn） of the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and the previous reported Rushan Bay were performed. It has been found that the samples from the two bays are ap- proximately classified into two kinds using hierarchical cluster analysis, and a four-factor model based on principle component analysis could explain approximately 75% of the detection data, also linear discriminant analysis can be used to develop a prediction model to distinguish the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and Rushan Bay with accuracy of about 93%. The results of the present investi- gation suggested that the inorganic elemental fingerprint based on the combination of the measured elemental content and chemom- etric analysis is a promising approach for verifying the geographical origin ofMeretricis concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Study on Elemental Fingerprint of Traditional Marine Chinese Medicine Oysters from Jiaozhou Bay,China

In order to investigate the relationship between the trace elements and the characteristics of the oysters, we analyzed the trace elements present in the germplasm of oysters from different producing areas in the Jiaozhou Bay. The element fingerprints were established to reflect the elemental characteristics of the oysters. Concentration patterns of the elements were deciphered by principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The six regions were discriminated with accuracy using HCA and PCA based on the concentration of 16 trace elements. The elements were viewed as characteristic elements of the oysters and the fingerprints of these elements could be used to distinguish the quality of the oysters.

A preliminary study on fingerprinting approach in marine sediment dynamics with the rare earth elements

Locating the quantitized natural sediment fingerprints is an important work for marine sediment dynamics study.The total of 146 sediment samples were collected from the Shelf of the East China Sea and five rivers,including Huanghe （Yellow）,Changjiang （Yangtze）,Qiantang,Ou and Min River.The sediment grain size and the contents of rare earth elements （REEs） were measured with laser particle size analyzer and ICP-MS technology.The results show that absolute REE content （ΣREE） and the concentration ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs （L/HREE） are different in the sediments among those rivers.There are higher REE contents in being less than 2 m and 2–31 μm fractions in the Changjiang Estuary surface sediments.The REE contents of bulk sediment are dominated by the corresponding values of those leading size-fractions.REE of sediment is higher close to the estuaries and declines seaward on the inner shelf of the East China Sea （ECS）.The L/HREE ratio has a tendency of increase southward from 28 ？ N.Hydrodynamic conditions plays a predominate role on spacial distributions of the surficial sediment’s REE parameters.In some situations,the currents tend to remove the coarser light grains from initial populations,as well as the deposit of the finer heavy mineral grains.In other situations,the currents will change the ratio of sediment constituents,such as ratio between silts and clays in the sediments.As a result,the various values of REE or L/HREE ratio in different bulk sediments are more affected by the change of size-fractions than source location.Under the long-term stable hydrodynamic environment,i.e.,the East China Sea Shelf,new sediment transport model based on the size and density gradation concept may help to understand the spatial distribution patterns of REE parameters.

Characterization of mineral element fingerprints under soilcrop systems in eastern and western rice-producing areas of Jilin Province,China

To assess the indicative function of the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements for small agricultural producing areas,20 sets of soil surface samples and corresponding rice samples were collected from Songyuan and Hunchun of Jilin Province,China.Forty-six mineral elements of brown rice,soil,and rice husk were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Ten characteristic elements(Li,Ag,Y,Bi,U,Eu,Er,Rb,Mo and As)were identified via multivariate statistics(Variance importance value analysis and rank sum test in SPSS and SIMCA software packages).The correlation of mineral elements in brown rice,soil,and rice husks of the two sample areas was analyzed and regression analysis models of characteristic mineral elements in brown rice were developed.The results indicate that a correlation exists among brown rice,soil,and rice husks in the same area,and the correlation tests using selected elements showed that all correlation coefficients were 0.65 or above.Differences in brown rice were found between different regions.Consequently,brown rice producing areas can be distinguished by the fingerprint characteristics of mineral elements.

用矿物元素指纹识别中华绒螯蟹产地及其养殖水体

分析测定体质量为180~200 g左右、产自阳澄湖湖区(YCL)、阳澄湖周边池塘(YCP)、洪泽湖(HZL)、高邮湖(GYL)、固城湖(GCL)湖区的雄性中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)体内Ca、Mg、K、Na、Sr和Fe等35种元素的含量,以开发中华绒螯蟹产地及其养殖水体的识别技术。结果表明,32种元素组间差异显著(P<0.05)。基于35种元素对中华绒螯蟹来源进行判别分析,10种元素进入判别模型,测试集和交叉验证判别准确率分别为98.3%和98.3%,仅有11.1%的HZL蟹被判入地理距离较近的GYL。剔除Ca、Mg、K、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu这8种在中华绒螯蟹养殖过程中人为输入量较大的元素再行判别分析,则6种元素进入判别模型,测试集和交叉验证判别准确率分别为100.0%和96.7%,仍有11.1%的HZL蟹被判入GYL,还有11.1%的GCL蟹被判入GYL。上述结果表明,采用矿物元素指纹识别中华绒螯蟹产地和养殖水体具有较高的准确率,养殖过程中人为输入量较大的元素对中华绒螯蟹产地与养殖水体的识别无不利影响。

不同厂家牛黄解毒片中24种无机元素ICP-MS检测与质量评价

目的:建立牛黄解毒片中无机元素指纹图谱,结合化学计量学探究不同厂家产品中无机元素差异,评价他们质量的均一性。方法:对全国21个生产企业的牛黄解毒片,采用微波消解后-ICP-MS法测定样品中K、Mn、Zn等24种无机元素的含量,绘制无机元素质量分数分布图,通过主成分分析法对质量均一性进行评价。结果:24种元素ICP-MS测定在各自范围内线性关系均良好(r≥0.9996),回收率在86.9%~112.2%之间(RSD≤1.6%)。建立了牛黄解毒片无机元素指纹图谱,从指纹图谱相似度及PCA结果看,牛黄解毒片中无机元素的质量均一性较好,主要特征元素为K、Mn、Zn、B、Ni、Al、V、Cr、Ba、Sn。结论:本研究建立的无机元素指纹图谱可为牛黄解毒片质量评价提供研究基础。

两种金福菇的蛋白鉴定及金属元素含量的测定

为深入研究和开发金福菇Tg505、大峡谷的营养价值和功能,对其中含有的蛋白及金属元素进行测定和分析。采用饱和酚抽提法和二维电泳技术,获得金福菇Tg505、大峡谷的蛋白指纹图谱,并筛选出其中的高表达蛋白;再利用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱仪鉴定高表达蛋白的酶水解产物及确定蛋白名称,并通过生物信息学手段对蛋白功能进行初步分析;利用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术对两种金福菇金属元素含量进行测定。结果表明,金福菇Tg505及大峡谷均有33个高表达蛋白,涉及金福菇生长、发育、遗传、抗逆、应激及药物活性等多种功能,两种金福菇中含量较高的金属元素依次为K、Mg、Mo、Ca、Al、Fe。本研究不仅能够对进一步深入开发、利用具有药食同源特性的金福菇提供指导,而且对海南热带食用菌的研究和开发具有参考意义。

泌乳期对德州驴乳和血液中矿物质元素含量的影响

试验旨在研究泌乳期对德州驴乳和血液中的矿物质元素含量的影响,选取年龄、体重和预产期相近的9头德州驴,在不同泌乳期采集驴乳和静脉血液样品,采用微波消解前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定样品中的常量元素K、Ca、Na、Mg和P,微量元素Zn、Mn、Ni、Se、Sr、Cu、Sb、Cr、Cd、Fe、Li、V、Co和Ba,以及重金属元素As、Pb和Hg的含量;采用Pearson法分析矿物质元素之间的相关性,并绘制驴乳和血液中矿物质元素的指纹图谱。结果表明:随着泌乳期的延长,驴乳中矿物质元素含量逐渐降低,差异显著(P<0.05);血液中各元素含量变化不大(P>0.05),在驴乳和血液中各元素均在初乳期含量最高,常量元素K、P和微量元素Sr、Fe的含量要高于同期同类型其他元素。说明该试验建立的ICP-MS法可以实现驴乳和血液中22种矿物质元素的高通量快速测定,泌乳期对驴乳中矿物质元素影响显著,对驴血液中矿物质元素影响不明显,各元素相关关系研究和指纹图谱的建立可为幼驴饲养和驴乳制品的快速溯源提供理论参考。

基于矿物元素指纹图谱鉴定陈皮产地的方法研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了新会、广西、湖南3地42批陈皮样品中51种矿物元素的含量,运用方差分析和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)研究了不同产地陈皮中矿物元素的差别,以筛选得到的9种元素为溯源指标,将不同数量级矿物元素含量进行分类和系数缩放后,构建了陈皮中矿物元素的指纹图谱,并基于各产地矿物元素含量的平均值构建了新会、广西、湖南产地陈皮中矿物元素的标准指纹图谱。通过采用SPSS20.0计算18批新会陈皮矿物元素指纹图谱与其标准指纹图谱的相似度,确定新会陈皮矿物元素指纹图谱的相似度阈值为0.941,基于此阈值建立了新会陈皮的鉴别模型。采用24批样品对所建立的鉴别模型进行准确性验证,正确率为91.6%。该方法操作简单直观,满足实验分析要求,可为陈皮的产地溯源提供参考。

Inorganic Elements in Tuber of Chinese Herbal Medicine Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province

By analyzing the contents of inorganic elements in Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province, the aim was to assess the present quality of Radix Pseu- dostellariae, set limited standards of heavy metals, establish element fingerprints, and find out the characteristic elements. ICP-MS was used to measure the content of inorganic elements and map the element fingerprints. Additionally, WM/T2-2004 was applied to evaluate the quality of heavy metal elements, and the characteristic elements were determined by principal component analysis. The results showed that the contents of inorganic elements in Radix Pseudostellariae were between 0.057 and 959 mg/kg with the coefficients of variation ranging from 0.134 to 1.478, and the contents of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg were below the Standard of WM/T2-2004 in 90% of Radix Pseudostellariae. The standard limits of heavy metals in Radix Pseu- dostellariae were Cr≤6.5 mg/kg, Cu≤10 mg/kg, As≤2.0 mg /kg, Cd≤0.3 mg/kg, Hg≤0.15 mg/kg, and Pb≤4.0 mg/kg. The features of the inorganic eJements finger- prints could provide theoretical basis of identifying the quality of Radix Pseudostel- lariae and distinguishing Radix Pseudostellariae from other Chinese herbal medicines. The characteristic inorganic elements of Radix Pseudostellariae were found to be Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, and AI. Radix Pseudostellariae from Guizhou Province contained abundant inorganic elements, and the contents of heavy metals were below the evaluation criterion. The study provided a reference for the future development of the limiting values of heaw metals in Radix Pseudostellariae.

基于矿物质元素指纹分析技术的浦城大米产地溯源研究

通过分析浦城大米、江西地区大米、湖北地区大米、湖南地区大米和福建地区(除浦城以外)大米中25种矿物质元素质量分数特征,筛选出14种差异显著的矿物质元素,并比较主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)对矿物质元素的降维效果,发现经过PCA降维后的线性判别分析(LDA)结果优于OPLS-DA,进而建立了“差异分析+主成分分析+判别分析”的浦城大米产地溯源模型,筛选出钒(V)、钴(Co)、砷(As)、铷(Rb)、银(Ag)、铯(Cs)等6种特征矿物质元素,判别模型回代检验的整体正确判别率为98.1%,交叉检验的整体正确判别率为97.1%。该模型能准确识别浦城大米,为浦城大米的产地溯源和质量控制提供了参考。

宿州产香茶菜无机元素指纹图谱研究及安全性评价

目的建立香茶菜中19种无机元素的指纹图谱,并对其中5种进行安全性评价。方法收集宿州产13批香茶菜样品,以微波消解法进行前处理,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法建立19种无机元素的指纹图谱。采用主成分分析法对样品进行质量评价,采用单因子污染指数法及内梅罗综合指数法对其中砷,镉,汞,铅,铜元素进行安全性评价。结果钠、铝、铁,硼、钛、锰、铜、锌、钡,铬、镍、钼、铅,砷、镉、汞,镁,钾、钙质量浓度分别在0~5000 ng/mL、0~500 ng/mL、0~50 ng/mL、0~10 ng/mL及0~50μg/mL、0~200μg/mL范围内与各元素仪器响应值线性关系良好(r>0.9900),检测限为0.0003~0.300 ng/mL;精密度、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于5.0%;平均加样回收率为92.46%~102.26%,RSD为1.06%~3.19%(n=6)。13批样品中无机元素指纹图谱的相似度均大于0.920,主成分1-7的累积方差贡献率达92.871%。5种元素的污染情况均较轻微。结论13批宿州产香茶菜样品中前述5种元素的整体潜在风险较低。

石楠藤无机元素指纹图谱的建立及相关性分析

目的:分析江西不同产地石楠藤的20种无机元素含量,绘制石楠藤无机元素指纹图谱,为石楠藤质量评价提供基础数据。方法:以采自江西省新余市、宜春市上高县、新余市分宜县、宜春市高安市、宜春市三阳县的石楠藤样品为实验材料,采用微波消解-ICP-OES/MS法测定分析Li、Be、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Zn、Ga、Sr、Sn、Sb、Ba、Tl、Bi、Mg、K、Fe、Mn、Ca元素含量,绘制无机元素指纹图谱,并进行相关性分析。结果:石楠藤中含有大量的无机元素,其中Ca含量最高,平均值达8872.893 mg/kg;其次是Mg,平均值7982.388 mg/kg;含量最低的是Be,为0.015~0.031 mg/kg。不同产地无机元素含量有较大差别,但Ca、Ti、Be、V、Li、Co、Ga的含量较为平均。根据无机元素的含量,绘制石楠藤无机元素指纹图谱,并进行相关性分析。结果显示,有4对元素显示显著正相关,10对元素显示显著负相关,1对元素显示极显著负相关。结论:石楠藤中无机元素含量丰富,无机元素指纹图谱可用于鉴别石楠藤,结果可为石楠藤的质量控制和安全使用提供参考依据。

不同产地枳壳中稀土元素差异分析及其指纹图谱绘制

为了探究不同产地枳壳中稀土的分布规律、元素含量及内在联系并绘制枳壳稀土元素指纹图谱作为鉴定枳壳中药材的参考依据,本文运用碰撞反应池(KED)模式和在线内标法,采用微波消解-ICPMS法同时测定枳壳中的La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Lu、Yb、Y等15种稀土元素。各元素相关系数R2在0.996~1.000,精密度RSD为1.4%~5.1%,说明线性关系良好,样品回收率为80%~106%,RSD为0.3%~5.6%,所建立的方法可用于对枳壳中稀土元素的快速准确检测。检测结果显示,枳壳样品中稀土元素含量丰富,其中Y、La、Ce、Nd元素含量相对较高,Y含量最高达到了255.9μg/kg,La含量最高可达365.3μg/kg,Ce含量最高达到了245.0μg/kg;然而Lu含量在不同产地枳壳中均未检出。以各产地稀土元素含量的平均值绘制枳壳稀土元素标准指纹图谱,作为鉴别枳壳的参考依据。本文采用Pearson相关性分析了枳壳中13种稀土元素(Lu未检出,Tm仅少量样品检出),结果表明稀土元素间均呈正相关,其中Ce与Y、Dy、Ho、Er、Yb呈显著正相关(^(*)p<0.05),其他元素之间呈极显著正相关(^(**)p<0.01)。本文采用TBtools软件进行聚类热图分析,分析结果表明,江西的(除S5)聚为一类,其余的聚为一类。本文采用Origin 2022进行主成分分析,与聚类热图分析结果一致,全国各产地枳壳稀土元素指纹图谱具有较高的一致性和特征性,可为枳壳资源的真假鉴别工作提供研究思路,为其质量安全提供基础数据。

A Novel Adaptive Approach to Process Binary Fingerprint Images Using Directional Morphological Operations

An adaptive algorithm for removing false ridges, bridges and filling gaps in binary fingerprint images based on morphological operations is presented. A novel procedure for structuring elements design based on the specific fingerprint characteristic is described. Using the images from FVC2000 database, we have compared our method proposed here with the approach proposed by other ones. The Experimental results have demonstrated the efficiency of our method.

黑茶产地溯源技术研究进展

产地是黑茶的一个重要属性,产地溯源技术不仅可以保障消费者权益,同时也为维护黑茶产品贸易公平提供有效的技术支撑。本文综合分析了近十余年国内外黑茶产地溯源技术,并对有机成分、化学元素、光谱指纹三大类溯源技术的优缺点进行了比较;在此基础上,提出了当前黑茶产地溯源技术存在的问题及今后的发展方向,以期为黑茶产地溯源技术的进一步发展提供参考。

基于多元分类判别方法对普洱生茶进行产地溯源研究

目的探究多元分类判别方法对普洱茶产地溯源的有效性与可行性。方法基于云南5个产地的60份普洱茶生茶样本,利用5种有机成分以及36种矿物元素的含量,结合主成分分析、判别分析和多层感知器分析等多元分类方法构建普洱茶产地溯源模型。结果普洱茶(生茶)中总计33项指标具有与产地的显著相关性。不同产地的普洱茶样本在主成分上有差异,但分类的准确性较低。通过判别分析得到了普洱茶产地溯源的判别函数和组质心函数,该样本溯源正确率高于98%。通过多层感知器分析,该方法的分类正确率最高,生茶样本的训练集和测试集分类正确率分别为100.0%和95.5%。结论普洱茶中有机成分与矿物元素受环境因素影响,在各自产地间形成各自的指纹特征,多维组合可用于建立普洱茶产地溯源模型,为普洱茶产地追溯提供一定的方法支持。

羊肉的产地溯源和鉴别技术研究进展

随着羊肉消费量不断增加和相关食品安全问题频现,对羊肉溯源和掺假鉴别技术的需求已经成为当前社会的关注热点之一。目前,对于羊肉的溯源和鉴别已有相应研究,稳定同位素技术、矿物质元素指纹图谱、近红外光谱、DNA分子标记溯源技术、基于脂肪酸的溯源和鉴别技术、基于风味化合物的产地溯源和鉴别技术等在溯源和鉴别研究中得到了大量应用。但在这些技术不断发展的同时,也暴露出了一些亟待解决的问题。本文基于当前羊肉溯源和鉴别技术的相关研究资料和文献,对相应技术的优缺点进行总结和讨论,分析目前技术研究中存在的问题,并提出相应的建议和解决方法,以期为羊肉溯源和鉴别的进一步研究提供理论支持。

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定黄精中15种稀土元素及其指纹图谱绘制

为了准确测定黄精中稀土元素的含量,采用微波消解法处理黄精样品后,通过在线引入内标溶液,用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定黄精中15种稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)的含量,15种稀土元素的线性关系、精密度良好,平均加标回收率在97.0%~103%,相对标准偏差不大于1.7%。采用OriginPro 2021绘制稀土元素指纹图谱和进行主成分分析,以稀土元素含量的平均值构建黄精稀土元素标准指纹图谱,作为鉴定黄精中药材的参考依据;采用SPSS 26.0进行聚类分析。聚类分析结果表明,当平方欧式距离为10时,浙江产地样品(S5~S8)聚为一类,其余的聚为一类,与主成分分析结果一致。黄精药材中15种稀土元素的指纹图谱具有相似的分布形态,具有较强的特征性和一致性,相似度均大于0.950。黄精中Ce、La、Nd含量相对较高,其中Ce含量最高为53.0~2005μg/kg。方法操作简单,准确可靠,能满足实验分析要求,可为黄精的质量控制和药理研究提供参考,建立的指纹图谱可用于黄精的鉴别。