Optimization of Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Sediments with Fluctuation Characteristics

As an important source of low-carbon,clean fossil energy,natural gas hydrate plays an important role in improving the global energy consumption structure.Developing the hydrate industry in the South China Sea is important to achieving‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’goals as soon as possible.Deep-water areas subjected to the action of long-term stress and tectonic movement have developed complex and volatile terrains,and as such,the morphologies of hydrate-bearing sediments(HBSs)fluctuate correspondingly.The key to numerically simulating HBS morphologies is the establishment of the conceptual model,which represents the objective and real description of the actual geological body.However,current numerical simulation models have characterized HBSs into horizontal strata without considering the fluctuation characteristics.Simply representing the HBS as a horizontal element reduces simulation accuracy.Therefore,the commonly used horizontal HBS model and a model considering the HBS’s fluctuation characteristics with the data of the SH2 site in the Shenhu Sea area were first constructed in this paper.Then,their production behaviors were compared,and the huge impact of the fluctuation characteristics on HBS production was determined.On this basis,the key parameters affecting the depressurization production of the fluctuating HBSs were studied and optimized.The research results show that the fluctuation characteristics have an obvious influence on the hydrate production of HBSs by affecting their temperatures and pressure distributions,as well as the transmission of the pressure drop and methane gas discharge.Furthermore,the results show that the gas productivity of fluctuating HBSs was about 5%less than that of horizontal HBSs.By optimizing the depressurization amplitude,well length,and layout location of vertical wells,the productivity of fluctuating HBSs increased by about 56.6%.

Research and Application of Probability Distribution of Wind Power Fluctuation Characteristics

The fluctuation characteristics is the inherent property of wind power.Through analysis of a large number of wind t＇anns based on measured data,we find it describes the best probability distribution of wind power fluctuation for the mixed Gauss distribution of two components,and try to carry out the physical interpretation of two components.Further discussion is between the probability distribution of fluctuating wind power time difference and whole relationship.It is found that the two have basic similarity.Through comparing the different time level data quantified losses the information of wind power fluctuation,quantitative determination of the degree of impact prediction.We can summarize and understand of wind power fluctuation,constructing instance from the wind farm construction and monitoring prediction two aspect recommendations to overcome the adverse effects of wind power fluctuations on the power grid operation.

Arc Voltage Fluctuation in DC Laminar and Turbulent Plasma Jets Generation

Arc voltage fluctuations in a direct current （DC） non-transferred arc plasma generator are experimentally studied, in generating a jet in the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes. The study is with a view toward elucidating the mechanism of the fluctuations and their relationship with the generating parameters, arc root movement and flow regimes. Results indicate that the existence of a 300 Hz alternating current （AC） component in the power supply ripples does not cause the transition of the laminar plasma jet into a turbulent state. There exists a high frequency fluctuation at 4 kHz in the turbulent jet regime. It may be related to the rapid movement of the anode attachment point of the arc.

药品价格指数的构建与应用

目的基于药品零售价格大数据构建药品价格指数,描述其波动特征,发挥其药品价格宏观监管作用,促进药品价格保持合理水平。方法运用链式拉氏指数构建原理建立药品价格指数模型,运用时间序列模型描述指数波动特征,识别并分析药品价格波动异常状况。结果2015年1月—2020年12月,药品价格总指数小幅上涨,累计涨幅为14.43%,年均涨幅约2.40%,市场化改革成效较为显著。通过基于局部加权回归的季节趋势分解(seasonal-trend decomposition using loess,STL)方法对获得的药品价格总指数时间序列进行分析,指数呈长期平缓上升趋势,不规则波动值为-1.41~2.03,说明药品价格受外因影响较小,周期性特征仍有待进一步研究。2015年1月—2020年12月,根据药品价格指数共监测到价格异常风险32次。结论药品价格指数较全面地反映药品价格走势,对于药品价格异常波动具有一定的预警作用,能够为我国药品价格监管提供有效工具。

Probability distribution of wind power volatility based on the moving average method and improved nonparametric kernel density estimation

In the process of large-scale,grid-connected wind power operations,it is important to establish an accurate probability distribution model for wind farm fluctuations.In this study,a wind power fluctuation modeling method is proposed based on the method of moving average and adaptive nonparametric kernel density estimation(NPKDE)method.Firstly,the method of moving average is used to reduce the fluctuation of the sampling wind power component,and the probability characteristics of the modeling are then determined based on the NPKDE.Secondly,the model is improved adaptively,and is then solved by using constraint-order optimization.The simulation results show that this method has a better accuracy and applicability compared with the modeling method based on traditional parameter estimation,and solves the local adaptation problem of traditional NPKDE.

Flow-Induced Instabilities in Pump-Turbines in China

The stability of pump-turbines is of great importance to the operation of pumped storage power （PSP） stations. Both hydraulic instabilities and operational instabilities have been reported in PSP stations in China. In order to provide a reference to the engineers and scientists working on pump-turbines, this paper summarizes the hydraulic instabilities and performance characteristics that promote the operational instabilities encountered in pump-turbine operations in China. Definitions, analytical methods, numerical and experimental studies, and main results are clarified. Precautions and countermeasures are also provided based on a literature review. The gaps between present studies and the need for engineering practice are pointed out.

Fluctuations in the tidal limit of the Yangtze River estuary in the last decade

The tidal limit is the key interface indicating whether water levels will be affected by tidal waves, which is of great significance to navigation safety and regional flood control. Due to limitations in research methods, recent changes in the Yangtze River tidal limit, caused by sea level rise and large-scale engineering projects, urgently need to be studied. In this study,spectrum analysis was undertaken on measured water level data from downstream Yangtze River hydrological stations from2007 to 2016. The bounds of the tidal limit were identified through comparisons between the spectra and red noise curves, and the fluctuation range and characteristics were summarized. The results showed that:(1) During the extremely dry period, when the flow rate at Jiujiang station was about 8440 m3 s-1, the tidal limit was near Jiujiang; whereas during the flood season, when the flow rate at Jiujiang station was about 66700 m3 s-1, the tidal limit was between Zongyang Sluice and Chikou station.(2)From the upper to lower reach, the effect of the Jiujiang flow rate on the tidal limit weakens, while the effect of the Nanjing tidal range increases. The tidal limit fluctuates under similar flow rates and tidal ranges, and the fluctuation range increases with increasing flow rate and decreasing tidal range.(3) With the continued influence of rising sea levels and construction in river basin estuaries, the tidal limit may move further upstream.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER CHARACTERISTICS OVER STREAMWISE RIBLETS

Measurements of characteristics by means of a two-component Laser DopplerVelocimeter (LDV) were carried out in turbulent boundary layers over both a symmetric V-shapedribbed plate and a smooth one in a low speed wind tunnel. The present results clearly indicate thatthe logarithmic velocity profile over the riblets surface is shifted upward with a 30. 9% increasein the thickness of the viscous sublayer. Also a change in the log-law region is found. And themaximum value of streamwise velocity fluctuations is reduced by approximately 17%. The skewness andflatness factors do not show any change besides those in the region of y^+ 【 0. 6 . It is evidentthat the Reynolds shear stress over the riblets is reduced. Further more, in log-law region, theReynolds shear stress has a larger reduction of up to 18%.